10,557 research outputs found
Helen Johnson Carter
No full textHelen Johnson Carter Johnson in front of White Lake, NC.
Helen Johnson (1916-2004) was born in Nash County, NC and raised in Bladen County, NC. She married Daniel Carter, who died in the 1950s, and then Harvie Johnson, becoming Helen Johnson Carter Johnson. She is buried in Cypress Creek Baptist Church Cemetery. She is the mother of Elaine Brown
Methodist Episcopal Church Woman's Home Missionary Society photographs
No full textThis series consists of photographs of different activities related to the Methodist Episcopal Church Woman's Home Missionary Society circa 1936. The photographs include three 8x10 group photographs of the Golden Girls, one of the groups Johnson was heavily involved with, in 1936; a 5x7 group photograph of attendees at the "Queen Ester Conference Lakeside" from July 27-31, 1936; and other unidentified events
Telegram from Helen and Bill Sutton to J. Lee Johnson, III and Ruth Carter Johnson
Get PDFTelegram from Helen and Bill Sutton to J. Lee Johnson, III and Ruth Carter Johnson upon the death of Amon Giles Carter. The telegram expresses condolences about his death.https://mavmatrix.uta.edu/specialcollections_meachamcarterpapers/1342/thumbnail.jp
Interview with Dr. Dudley Johnson, heart surgeon
No full textDr. Dudley Johnson was a prominent surgeon in the field of heart surgery at Milwaukee's St. Luke Hospital. In this interview with Gary Gaper, assistant professor, Department of Urban Affairs at UW-Milwaukee and Dr. Helen Creighton, professor, Department of Nursing at UW-Milwaukee, Johnson makes remarks about the role of medicine and the relationship between disease and living habits.GrayscaleSoun
Winkelmann, Helen, April 1, 2011 [Interview]
No full textHelen J. Winkelmann was interviewed on April 1, 2011 by Mack Johnson about her childhood, a trip around Europe that involved visiting family in Czechoslovakia, teaching at Gettysburg with her husband, and her memories of Carl Arnold Hanson. She discussed memorable students, traveling abroad, and being a long-term faculty member while not having a PhD.Winkelmann, John R.; Hanson, Carl Arnold; Hanson, Jean; Hartman, David W.; Barnes, Betty; Barnes, Robert D.; Seibert, Sara MarianCarl Arnold Hanson Years; Charles E. Glassick Year
Twentieth annual retirees round-up at home of Helen and Harlan Johnson: various speakers
No full textOral history interview with Harlan Johnson; Helen Johnson; Bobby Combs; Doreen Combs; Elmo Barney; Nancy Barney; Bruce Cannaday; Pauline Cannaday; Alice Gastinoff; Alfred Gastinoff; Al Cammrick; Pauline Cammrick; Dan McDougall; John Thompson; Evangeline Thompson; Gerald Titchnall; Audrey Cox; Paul Zimmer; Muriel Zimmer; Robert Rucker; Harriet Rucker; Arden Trandahl; Sylvia Trandahl; Jim Johnson; Eileen Johnson; Marvin Smith; Barbara Smith; Russ Vergon; Bobbie Vergon; Chuck Woods; Evelyn Woods; Mrs. Edward Tuttle; Merrit Tuttle; John Parvin; Helen Parvin; Cliff Dickinson; Lorna Dickinson; Bill Walsdorf; Mary Walsdorf; Jack Manning; Jean Manning; Albert Strunk; Gib Taylor; Sally Taylor; Dick Begave; Willa Begave; Marion Kelly; Clyde Kelly; Edith Adams; Don Carens; Mary Carens; Kirk Presley; Ann Presley; Don Zerjek; Pat Zerjek; Jack Kinchloe; Elaine Kinchloe. Employees (FWS);1
TWENTIETH ANNUAL RETIREES ROUNDUP
AT HOME OF HARLAN AND HELEN JOHNSON
VARIOUS SPEAKERS
HARLAN AND HELEN JOHNSON:
Welcome to the twentieth annual Retirees Roundup. This is September 10, 1992. Every
year since I retired in 1972 we have had a gathering of retired Fishery and Fish Hatchery
employees of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This is the twentieth, and it’s going to
be the last one. Most of those who attend these roundups are former employees at the
Hatcheries in the Pacific Northwest. All of our parties had been held here at our
residence. This is our home, in Cook, Washington in the Columbia River Gorge. We have
no set agenda for these parties. We just sit or stand around and talk, laugh, drink, eat, and
tell stories about the good old days, and maybe some lies about our grandchildren, and
children. This twentieth Roundup will be the last one that we shall sponsor. And we
hope that some of the more recent retirees will take over where we have left off, and
continue the tradition. We expect to have over sixty people here today. As I said before,
there’s no formal agenda. We will have a group picture at 4 o’clock and dinner at 5 or
5:30. Now we’ll go to the other side of the house and take some pictures of the Columbia
River.
From the deck on the south side of our house, there, is the Columbia River. That
is were the Salmon came up, or went down, that most of the people that are here today
worked with. The mountain on the other side, the highest mountain, is Mount Defiance.
There is a tower on top. [Someone else is taking a video recording as this person speaks.]
Across the road, there is actually a road between us, and that wind blown tree. That’s
my favorite tree. It shows which direction the wind usually comes from. It comes from
the right, or the west and blows towards the east. It has bent or broken off the branches
off of the west side of that Douglas Fur tree. Today, the wind is coming from the east,
what little there is. On the flagpole, the upper flag is a special flag. It is an American flag
that once flew over the Nation’s Capital in Washington, D. C. Of course it only flew for
a few seconds. They put them up and then take them down and then you can but them
from your Congressman. Below that is a flag that is almost obscured now. It is the flag
of the old U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. That was the agency, before the U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service. This is the way that they flew the flags at the fish hatcheries in the early
days. They would have Old Glory at the top, and they’d have the Bureau of Fisheries
flag beneath it. Maybe later on today the wind will blow a little more and it will show the
Bureau flag.
We are Harlan and Helen Johnson. I first worked for the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries
in 1930, at the Northville, Michigan Fish Hatchery. During the next eight years I worked
at a number of hatcheries mostly in the Rocky Mountains area. I ended up in 1938 at the
Carson Hatchery. Which is not far from here, in Carson, Washington. Then, I decided
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that there must be something better in life, so I resigned and enrolled in the School of
Fisheries at the University of Washington. I graduated in 1942 just in time to be inducted
into the Army as a buck private. While I was going to the University, I worked the
summers in Yellowstone Park. There, I met Helen Tuttle. She was a schoolmarm from
Wisconsin. She came to the Park to visit her brother Ned Tuttle, who happened to be my
boss at that time. Helen and I were married in Baltimore, Maryland in 1943 while I was
in the Army. After World War II was over, I was discharged from the Army and went to
work as a Fishery Biologist for the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. I worked at the
Mountlake Lab in Seattle, at Coleman National Fish Hatchery in California, and a small
hatchery at Durena Dam, Oregon. I finally ended up here on the Columbia River as a Fish
Hatchery Biologist for the Salmon hatcheries on the lower Columbia. I retired in 1972.
We have lived here in this house, which is about a mile from the Little White Salmon
Hatchery, ever since I retired.
We have done a small amount of traveling. Mostly visits to friends and family.
But most of my time had been spent puttering around the house and the garden and the
yard. I have fishponds and a tree farm. There has been lots of time as a couch potato,
watching TV.
These roundups as we call them, these gatherings of the retired people have
usually been the highlights of our year. We are sorry that we have to discontinue them.
When our children left the nest, and Helen retired from teaching, she took some art
lessons. And she became, I think, a very proficient painter. On the wall behind us is her
painting that I like the best. This is a view of the Columbia River and mountains of
Oregon as taken from the deck on the south side of our house. Now it is Helen’s turn to
say a few words about our life.
HELEN JOHNSON:
A few of the highlights of my life are; I was born into the Charles and Charlotte
Tuttle family. I was one of five sisters, and had five brothers. I taught for eight years in
the Salk County public schools in Wisconsin. We have three children; Donna, a Sales
Rep. for greeting cards, Larry is Doctor, and Carol is a teacher. Carol has our only two
granddaughters, Erin and Jill. My Dad, brother Charles and Uncle Harv Tuttle were
Carpenters. So they had a part in constructing Hatcheries in Yellowstone Park, Tyie and
the Little White. For the past twenty years, you retirees have joined us for the roundups.
They have been a great highlight in our lives. Thank you.
BOBBY AND DOREEN COMBS:
My name is Bobby Combs, this is my wife Doreen, and next Tuesday we will be
celebrating our forty-seventh wedding anniversary. I first started to work for the Fish
and Wildlife Service in October of 1950 at the Convict Creek Experiment Station up in
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High Sierra, California. It is about thirty-five miles north of Bishop. The program down
there was fishery research on high mountain lakes in the High Sierra, setting the basic
productivity of those lakes through age and growth studies of the fish and the various
organisms. And also, a comparison of the survival of Trout under various stream
conditions, and the thermal characteristics of some of the various high mountain lakes.
In November of 1953, I transferred to the Salmon Cultural Laboratory in Entiat,
Washington. Our program there was developing better diets for hatchery rearing of
Salmon. That was the primary program. We also worked on better rearing facilities and
various others; the survival of Salmon eggs under different temperature regimes and so
forth. In 1961, we transferred the entire Laboratory down to Longview, Washington at
what was previously the Abernathy Fish Hatchery. It became the Salmon Cultural
Laboratory, there. The program continued about the same, except for a different race of
Salmon. Chinook Salmon. We also began studies in the middle 1960’s in Fishery water
re-use facilities for fish rearing. We continued that for all of the time that I was there.
My boss, and Project Leader and Director of the Laboratory was Roger Burroughs. He
retired in May of 1971. And that fall, the Laboratories transferred from the Division of
Fishery Research, to Fish Hatcheries. We became known as the Salmon Cultural
Development Center, and I was named the Director. Our work continued under what was
essentially the same program under different supervision at the highest level. I continued
at that job until I retired in January of 1978 after a total of thirty years of Federal service.
There were thirty-three months of military service. I was in the Navy. By the time I got
out, I had served as a pilot on an aircraft carrier. My wife was in the WAVES. We were
married soon after I got out of the military. And even though a lot of people think we
met in the military, we had known each other since childhood. So this was not just a
military wedding. One of the real highlights of our federal experience was when I was
assigned to a job at the United Nations; the food and agricultural organization of the
United Nations to serve a short time assignment in the nation of Hungary. I was to
primarily help the research station there develop a water re-use system for their fish
hatchery research. This was a tremendous experience in 1976 when it was still very much
a Communist country. Since retirement we have moved to Asotin, Washington. We
enjoy traveling and we are very active in Church and Gideons International and some
other volunteer work. I think that’s all, thank you.
ELMO AND NANCY BARNEY
My name is Elmo Barney. This is my wife Nancy. We now live on an island in south
Puget Sound, out of Shelton, Washington. We started in the U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service in April of 1952 at Creston, Montana. After four and a half years at Creston,
they transferred us to California. We did River Basin Studies of streams for two years.
Then they transferred us to upstate New York to the Fish Nutrition Center. After a year
there, they transferred us to the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Disease Lab in Seattle,
Washington. From there they transferred us to Coleman National Fish Hatchery, near
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Redding, California where we spent eight years doing studies on fish nutrition and fish
diseases. Then after that time, why, we transfer up onto the Columbia River and
managed to the Spring Creek Hatchery for seventeen years until I retired. Then we
proceeded to be offered a job in Alaska where we lived on an Indian island, and I managed
their Salmon hatchery for two and a half years. After that, we toured Alaska for about
two and a half more years. We lived in a fifth wheel trailer in the cold and rain, and
everything else, but we thoroughly enjoyed it all. [Addressing his wife] Is there
something you wanted to add? Oh! We were married in 1945. In fact, tomorrow is our
forty-seventh wedding anniversary. So, we are like the Combs, in that way. Most of us
believe, apparently, in long-term marriages. I think that’s about it, do you have
something to say?
NANCY BARNEY:
Well, I guess you’ve been retired for a total of about five years, and we’re having a lot of
fun. We’ve done a lot of traveling, and built a new house. For the first time in our
married life, we built a new house, and it’s been fun. So, there is life after retirement.
ELMO BARNEY:
Right! We live two hundred feet from salt water.
BRUCE AND PAULINE CANNADAY
Hello, I’m Bruce Cannaday and this is my wife Pauline. We have been in fisheries for
what seems like most of our lives. In 1939 I went to work for the old Bureau of Fisheries
at Leadville, Colorado. We were there for two and a half years. We moved then to the
State of Washington, to Carson. We spent a year there, and then it was on to California
for almost six years. From there we went back to Carson. From there we went to New
York for a year, and then back out to Carson where we spent about six or seven more
years. And then I was transferred from there to the Portland Regional office. I spent
most of the rest of my career there, except for almost a year in Washington, D. C. For all
practical purposes, I never really worked anywhere except in the Bureau of Fisheries and
the Fish and Wildlife Service for thirty-two years. I retired in 1971 at the age of 58. We
have spent our retirement years in the Portland, Oregon area.
PAULINE CANNADAY:
I recall at Carson that you were concerned about the fish, and the Salmon, and how they
were getting over the dam and what should be done about it, and about the polluted rivers.
In those days, everyone was very concerned about the extent of the Salmon life.
BRUCE CANNADAY:
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Since retirement we have spent most of the time traveling. We have done quite a load of
traveling since 1971, our year of retirement. In fact, in October we plan to go to India,
where we have not been. I play golf. We both play Bridge. We have numerous friends,
including the Johnsons where we are now. We have one child, Michael, who is in
Portland, Oregon. He is an Assistant Attorney General for the State of Oregon. He
married a girl from Texas and they have one child who is now twenty. She is going to
college at Lynnfield, in Oregon. That ought to be it.
ALICE AND ALFRED GASTINOFF
We are Alfred and Alice Gastinoff. We met in Cosine. We were married there in 1928. I
don’t remember when you joined the Fish and Wildlife.
ALFRED GASTINOFF:
In 1924.
ALICE GASTINOFF:
But anyway, we have one daughter. She lives in California and has three children. So we
have three grandchildren, and three great-grandchildren. We lived in Washington,
California and Oregon through different transfers. We lived a couple of times in
Leavenworth. We moved from Leavenworth in 1963, and transferred down on to the
Columbia, down at Salmon. We retired in 1966 and moved to Poulsbo and we have been
there ever since. Our life is busy. Alfred is busy a lot of volunteer work. He drove the
van for senior citizen hot meals for ten years. We have done quite a bit of other volunteer
work. That seemed to take up quite a little of our time. And we are active in our Church.
Alfred sang in the Choir for twenty-two years. We haven’t traveled very much. We did
get to Norway once. And we had a nice cruise to Alaska. We enjoyed that. Other than
that we have lived a pretty quiet life. We are able to take care of our yard and be busy.
Bye-Bye.
AL AND PAULINE CAMMRICK
Hi folks, my name is Al Cammrick and this is my wife Pauline. I will soon be ninety.
She is eight-four. We’ve enjoyed many years in the federal Fishery service. I started in
as an Apprentice at the Deburgy [sic?], Washington Station on the first day of February
1919. From there I transferred to the Baker Lake, Washington station, from thence on to
[sounds like] Usbay, Alaska where I served one year and they was returned to Baker
Lake to take charge of that Station. I remained there until late December of 1928, when I
was transferred back to Alaska at “Usbay”. Before I left, Pauline and I were married in
Seattle and took off on our honeymoon to Alaska. We lived there for five years and came
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back to the States. I was put in charge of Fish Cultural Activities on the Columbia River.
That was in the fall of 1933. And in the fall of 1937 I was transferred to the Regional
office in Seattle as an Assistant to the Regional Director. We remained there until the
office was abolished and transferred to Portland where I was named the Regional
Supervisor of Fish Culture. I remained in that position until 1944 when I was promoted
to Assistant Regional Director for Region 1. While in the Portland office, where I served
for twenty years, I held various other positions. Principally, I was named to head the
River Basin Studies group in the Region. After that, with the inauguration of the
Columbia River Fishery Development Program I was named Regional Fishery
Management Coordinator. In that capacity, I directed and managed the Columbia River
program from 1949 until my retirement from the Service in 1960. After retirement, I was
appointed Executive Director of the Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission. This was a
tri-state commission dealing with anadromous and oceanic fisheries off the coasts of
Washington, Oregon and California. I retired from that after two years, as soon as they
could fine a suitable replacement. Since then we have traveled extensively. I think that
we have covered… we’ve made seven trips to Alaska. We have been in all of the
Canadian Provinces and Territories including Newfoundland. We have been in all of the
continuous forty-eight States and at present we are living in a retirement community at
Keyser, Oregon where we are enjoying our retirement to the fullest. [Addressing Mrs.
Cammrick] Is there anything you care to say?
PAULINE CAMMRICK:
I think that completes it.
DAN McDOUGALL:
Hi, my name is Dan McDougall and this is my wife Charlotte. I started at Woolard
National Fish Hatchery in Iberia in 1953. I worked at Woolard for twenty-three years
and transferred to Gosey National Fish Hatchery in September of 1974. I retired from
there in August of 1983. After I retired we moved to Port Angeles, Washington. We just
mess around, doing a little fishing and crabbing, and being plain lazy. Thank you!
JOHN AND EVANGELINE THOMPSON
I am John Thompson and this is my wife Evangeline. I entered the Service in 1930 at
Leadville, Colorado for the Bureau of Fisheries. I worked at [sounds like] Craig, Colorado
Spawning Station, Eagle Nest, New Mexico, Utah, Arizona, New York, and Alabama. I
retired after thirty-seven years of Service. I had Military service in the Navy during
World War I. I moved to Las Vegas. I enjoyed going to professional golf tournaments at
Las Vegas. I was the Quartermaster of the “21-28th” in Las Vegas. We were all veterans
of World War I. My hobbies are golf and building ship models. My oldest son, John, is
in charge of Boeing in Denver, Colorado. My daughter Diana is a Nurse in Lacrosse,
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Wisconsin. And the youngest son, Kenneth is in San Francisco, California. Also, my
present age is 94.
EVANGELINE THOMPSON:
Ninety-four, that’s something isn’t it? We met in 1930 when John entered in the Bureau
of Fisheries in 1930 in Leadville, Colorado. His Superintendent brought him to points of
interest in Leadville, Colorado. One of the points of interest was my father’s saloon. I
was a waitress in my father’s saloon. So that’s how we met. He came in 1930, and we
married in 1932. We had our three children. We’ve put in sixty years. And it was really
a beautiful life with the Fisheries, the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. We really enjoyed it. We
have really enjoyed being with Harlan and Helen Johnson with the Retirees, they are
wonderful people to enjoy with. Thank you.
GERALD TITCHNALL:
My name is Gerald Titchnall. My wife is Theresa Titchnall. Unfortunately she’s not
here today because she is down at Bonneville dam counting fish. The year I stated with
the Fish and Wildlife Service was 1956, after four years with the Air Force. I started at
the Leavenworth Hatchery and I was there for seven years. I transferred down here to
Little While Salmon as a Fish Hatchery Lead Man. I worked at the Lead Man job for
about seven years. I then transferred into the Maintenance Department and worked
another twenty-five years or so. I retired after thirty-seven years. I moved a house up to
[sounds like] Milay in 1968 and I still live in that same house. It was a government house
and I bought another government house and got it rented out. Since I retired from active
Fish and Wildlife Service, I went into selling Real Estate. I sold Real Estate successfully
for a couple of years. I bought the business, and now I am the owner/broker, and I am
“broker” ever since! That’s about it.
AUDREY COX (MRS HARRY COX):
I am Audrey Cox, Harry “Benny” Cox’s wife. He was born in Mexico, Missouri on
October 20, 1910. He passed away on October 20, nineteen and ninety. He had worked
at different hatcheries, and at Quilcene. But he first started out at the Census Bureau in
Washington, D. C. He then got transferred to the Fisheries and his first station was at
White Sulfur Springs, West Virginia. Then, he was on Car #7. He worked at Las Vegas,
Nevada Hatchery. He helped close it. He worked at Quilcene, Washington, Bird’s View,
Washington and Carson, and Underwood hatcheries, and many more. He retired in 1967
and we moved to White Salmon, Washington.
PAUL and MURIEL ZIMMER
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My name is Paul Zimmer. My wife Muriel is on my right. We were married in 1940,
back in New York State. In that year, we left New York and came to Oregon. First we
went to Seattle to the Research Laboratory there. Then I got involved in Stream Surveys,
and it seems to me at the time we walked about one hundred and seventy-five thousand
miles on all of the streams in Oregon and Washington. We were headed into the Columbia
River. After that, I got involved in the Grand Coulee Fish Salvage Program, which was
taking care of the fish runs that had normally gone above the Grand Coulee Dam. There
are no fish sliders at Grand Coulee Dam. Then I got involved in the Portland office on the
River Basins Study reports. I was working later on with Al Cammrick and some of the
other fellows. We became deeply involved in the Columbia Fish Hatchery Program. At
about that time, I retired in 1970. My wife may have a couple of comments to make.
MURIEL ZIMMER:
No, I think you’ve just about covered everything. It seemed like we moved a lot at first.
PAUL ZIMMER:
We have two daughters and five grandsons. Two of them are six-foot, seven and a half
inches tall, almost as tall as Scott! [Scott seems to be the person who is making the video
Evaluative and speaker-positioning function bundles in spoken academic English. English as a Medium of Instruction at UNIBO
No full textLexical bundles, “the most frequent recurring lexical sequences in a register” (Biber et al 1999, ch. 13) have been investigated across a range of different genres. They have been found to mark ideology in political debate (Partington & Morley 2004), while possibly register-idiosyncratic variations have been found in argumentative discourse (Miller & Johnson, 2014a, 2014b, 2009). Morley (2004) and Murphy and Morley (2006) examine their discourse-marking function of introducing the writer’s evaluation in newspaper editorials, also with the aid of patterns of metaphors in newspaper editorials and news reports.
In the field of academic English, mastery of lexical bundles has been recognised as essential for fluent speech (Hyland 2012). The frequency of certain lexical bundles has been compared in different genres and registers (conversation and academic prose: Biber & Conrad 1999), while Biber et al (2004) and Biber and Barbieri (2007) have compared them in university spoken and written registers, and DeCarrico and Nattinger (1988, 1992) and Nesi and Basturkmen (2006) have focussed on lexical bundles in spoken academic registers among native speakers of English.
Following Miller and Johnson’s investigations of lexical bundles such as we must, it is time and it is + ADJ (2014a, 2014b, 2009) in argumentative discourse typical of parliamentary proceedings, where some register-idiosyncratic variation emerged, this paper aims to investigate other evaluative and speaker-positioning function bundles (Halliday 1985). Instead of parliamentary discourse, however, the present study focuses on the spoken Academic English of non-native English-speaking Italian native lecturers during lectures at an Italian University. While both academic genres, lectures and office hours are different on a level of interaction, with interaction being an inherent characteristic of the latter, while the former, particularly in the Italian academic context, still tends to be monologic with little space for participation from students. Lecturer discourse in the two genres is scrutinised in relation to the function bundles used, particularly those indicating the stance towards or opinion of the speaker towards a particular proposition, for example the likelihood of it taking place, its importance, or its necessity (Biber et al. 2004, Biber & Barbieri 2007), and occurring in the phraseology It v-link ADJ (+ that/to...).
Selected lectures and office hours from the macro-areas of Physical Sciences and Social Sciences were recorded and transcribed to form the EmiBO corpus (Johnson & Picciuolo 2022) of nearly 240,000 words. A comparative corpus investigation was performed using SketchEngine (Kilgarriff et al. 2004) to compare frequent phraseology across macro-areas and genres. The aim of this study is to reveal patterns in usage of this particular phraseology across macro disciplinary area (Physical Sciences compared with Social Sciences subjects), and subgenre (lecture vs office hour sessions).
The most frequent adjective in this phrase in argumentative discourse in Miller and Johnson (2009) was important and its synonyms. Investigation will show whether the same holds true for the academic context, in particular as regards production by non native speakers. Groom’s (2005) semantic divisions for categorising the evaluators are used. My hypothesis is that this phrase, an example of ‘explicit’ stance marking, is mainly used to further the informational content of the lecture, signalling the lecturer’s opinion of the importance or relevance of the information to follow.
Appropriate use of lexical bundles is an essential component of fluent spoken and written academic production, making it possible to distinguish between the novice and expert user (Nesi & Basturkmen 2006; Hyland 2012). This is particularly relevant in the Italian university context, where English as a Medium of Instruction is a fairly recent phenomenon and many Italian lecturers do not have a high level of English language proficiency (Campagna & Pulcini 2014: 180). While competent English language speakers have a greater reserve of options to draw on, including both implicit and explicit markers (Deroey 2018), less confident speakers might tend to overuse or misuse this phrase. In order to investigate this, corpus findings were tested against a corpus of academic spoken English produced by native speaking lecturers (BASE).
Biber, D. & Barbieri, F. (2007). Lexical bundles in university spoken and written registers. English for Specific Purposes, 26 (3), pp. 263–286.
Biber, D., Conrad, S. & Cortes, V. (2004). ‘If you look at...’: Lexical bundles in university teaching and textbooks. Applied Linguistics, 25 (3), 371–405.
Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Reppen, R. (1998). Corpus linguistics: Investigating language structure and use. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S. & Finegan, E. (1999). Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English, Pearson Education Ltd., Harlow, Essex.
Biber, D. & Conrad, S.( 1999). Lexical bundles in conversation and academic prose. In Hasselgard, H. & S. Oksefjell (eds), Out of Corpora. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 181-190.
Campagna, S. & Pulcini, V. (2014). English as a Medium of Instruction in Italian Universities. Textus 1, 173-190.
DeCarrico, J. & Nattinger, J.R. (1988). Lexical phrases for the comprehension of academic lectures, English for Specific Purposes, 7(2), 91–102.
DeCarrico, J. and Nattinger, J. R. (1992). Lexical Phrases and Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Deroey, K. L. B. (2018). The representativeness of lecture listening coursebooks: Language, lecture authenticity, research-informedness. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 34, 57-67.
Groom, N. (2005). Pattern and Meaning across genres and disciplines: an exploratory study. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 4, 257-277.
Halliday, M.A.K. (1985). Dimensions of Discourse Analysis: Grammar. In Webster J.J. (ed.), The Handbook of Discourse Analysis, Vol. 2: Dimensions of Discourse, Academic Press, London, pp. 29-56.
Hyland, K. (2012). Bundles in Academic Discourse. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 32, 150-169.
Johnson, J.H. & Picciuolo, M. (2022). The EmiBO Corpus. A resource for investigating lecture discourse across disciplines and lecture modes in an EMI context. Lingue e Linguaggi, 53, 253-272.
Kilgarriff, A., Rychlý, P., Smrž, P., Tugwell, D. (2004). The Sketch Engine. Proceedings of the 11th EURALEX International Congress, pp. 105-116.
Miller, D.R. & Johnson J.H. (2009), Phraseological choice as ‘register-idiosyncratic’ evaluative meaning? A corpus-assisted comparative study of Congressional debate. Paper given at the Corpus Linguistics Conference, Liverpool UK, 21-23 July, 2009.
Miller D.R. & Johnson, J.H. (2014a). ‘Register-idiosyncratic’ evaluative choice in Congressional debate: a corpus-assisted comparative study. In Fontaine, L., Bartlett, T. & O’Grady, G. (eds.), Systemic Functional Linguistics. Exploring Choice, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 432-453.
Miller, D.R. & Johnson, J.H. (2014b). Evaluative phraseological choice and speaker party/gender. A corpus-assisted comparative study of register-idiosyncratic meaning in Congressional debate. In Thompson, G. & Alba-Juez, L. (eds.), Evaluation in Context, John Benjamins, Amsterdam /Philadelphia, pp. 345-366.
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