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The performance of the finnish labour markets in the 1990s
Get PDFThe paper deals with performance of local labour markets in Finland. The gross-stream labour statistics provide useful tool for this analysis. The subject of the research is the working-aged population. The local labour markets are divided into three classes: major cities, regional centres and smaller centres. The periods of observation are years 1990-91 and 1996-97 in the stream data. During the former period Finland was sliding into depression, whilst in the latter period it was rising out of that same depression. Competence and know-how are important elements in regional development. They are intimately connected with the creation of, and accessibility to the high quality workforce needed by each region, as well as the in the general interest of the region as a whole, in particular with regard to the prospective location of profitable economic activities. Regional development is linked to migration and population development. Higher education and other institutions have proved to be important in population development.
SESMA Om framtidens hållbara mobilitet i en liten stor stad : Forskningsrapport
No full textAutonoma bilar kommer snart vara en del samhället och rulla på stadens gator. Dock kommer autonoma bilar sannolikt att vara för dyra för vanliga hushåll att äga. Därav försöker biltillverkare att skapa affärsmodeller som gör bildelning mer attraktivt och stimulerar individer och hushåll att dela bilar.Flertal olika forsknings- och samverkansinitiativ går mot tester och lösningar för en smartare och mer hållbar mobilitet i städer. Globalt visar studier på möjligheter och utmaningar främst kopplat till mycket stora städer såsom London, Phoenix, Shanghai och New York. Det saknas forskning kring hur delningsekonomi och smart mobilitet kan bli verklighet i mindre och medelstora städer. Även i ett svenskt perspektiv är ett sådan fokus eftersatt.Detta projekt syftar till att utforska attityder och mobilitetsvanor kring automatiserade, eldrivna och delade bilar i en kommun där befolkningstätheten är betydligt lägre än i svenska storstäder; Trollhättan stad. Projektet bygger på ett forskningssamarbete om smart mobilitet och delningsekonomi mellan ett tvärvetenskapligt forskarteam från Högskolan Väst samt Trollhättans Stad, företag och fastighetsbolag. Fokus har legat på att hitta ett urval av personer och hushåll som varierar i ålder, kön, familjesituation, etnicitet, funktionsvariation, samt grundinställning till teknik och förändring. Tillvägagångssättet är en kombination av designetnografi och tidsgeografi där observationer och kvalitativa intervjuer utgör basen för att komma fram till tre olika resultat: i) riktlinjer för kommunen i deras planering av en hållbar stad; ii) en affärsmodell för biltillverkare med visionen att skapa mer hållbara mobilitetstjänster; och iii) digitala tjänster för delade och autonoma bilar. Ett övergripande mål med samverkansdriven forskning att resultatet ska utvecklas tillsammans samt vara till värde för de olika aktörerna oberoende av om det är inom akademin eller i en praktik (såsom NEVS och Trollhättans Stad). Samverkansdriven forskning bygger också på att samtliga projektdeltagare interagerar för att lyfta fram så många olika perspektiv som möjligt, såväl offentliga som privata perspektiv. Till projektbidragen hör framtagning av ett antal upplevda användarberättelser av bildelning, designidéer på digitala tjänster, affärsmodeller och framtidsscenarier för autonoma bilar samt riktlinjer för kommuners stadsplanering. Resultatet visar på ett flertal utmaningar i att ändra beteende från att använda egen bil eller att äga en eller flera bilar till att istället börja dela bilar. Människor behöver bra argument för förändring och tillräckligt med kunskap för att fatta ett välgrundat beslut. Det är därför av stor vikt att smarta mobilitetslösningar baseras på medborgarnas livssituation, förhoppningar och5önskemål. Stadens invånare ska inkluderas som grundläggande del i utvecklingsarbetet med en smartare stad med smarta mobilitetslösningar. Det krävs både tillgång till och kunskap om mobilitetstjänster och dess tekniska krav på internetaccess och mobila betalningsmetoder samt kognitiv förmåga att kunna hantera såväl digitala tjänster som fysiskt handhavande av elbilar. Planeringshorisonten varierar men frihetsgraden att kunna röra sig så flexibelt som möjligt är påtaglig.Projektet har bidragit med underlag för en sammanhållen kommunövergripande strategi för planering för framtidens mobilitet, både inom samhällsbyggnadsprocessen och som en del av stadens uppgift att skapa en hållbar och attraktiv stad för företag och människor att verka i. Verksamma näringslivsaktörer ser tydliga synergier med samverkan i detta projekt. Initiativ till fortsatt utveckling och forskning pågår på såväl regional som internationell nivå.Autonomous cars will soon be a party of our community and our city traffic. However, autonomous cars are likely to be too expensive for ordinary households to own. As a result, car manufacturers are trying to create business models making car sharing more attractive and stimulate individuals and households to share cars. Several different research and collaboration initiatives are moving towards tests and solutions for smarter and more sustainable mobility. Globally, studies on smart mobility focus on opportunities and challenges mainly in very big cities such as London, Phoenix, Shanghai and New York. There is a lack of research on how sharing economy and smart mobility can become a reality for small and medium-sized cities. In a Swedish perspective, such a focus is far behind and almost neglected. This project aims to explore attitudes and mobility habits around automated, electric and shared cars in a municipality, where the population density is significantly lower than in big Swedish cities, i.e., Trollhättan. The project is based on a research collaboration on smart mobility and sharing economy between an interdisciplinary research team from University West and the city of Trollhättan, private companies and a real estate company. The basis has been to identify a selection of people and households that vary in age, gender, family situation, ethnicity, functional and intellectual abilities, and basic attitudes towards technology and change. The approach is a combination of design ethnography and time geography where observations and qualitative interviews form the basis for arriving at three different results: i) guidelines for the municipality in their planning of a sustainable city; ii) a business model for car manufacturers with the vision of creating more sustainable mobility services; and (iii) digital services for shared and autonomous cars. An overall goal with this collaborative research is that the results should be developed together and be of value to the various actors, regardless of whether they operate within academy or within the private or public sector. Collaborative research is also based on all project participants interacting in order to accommodate as many different perspectives as possible.The project contributions include the production of a number of user stories of car sharing, design ideas and solutions for digital services, business models and future scenarios for autonomous, self-driving cars, as well as guidelines for municipal urban planning. The results show a number of challenges related to people’s attitudes. One is to change behavior from using an own car to instead starting to share cars and ride with others. People must have good arguments7for changing their habits and they need enough knowledge to make an informed decision. It is therefore of great importance that smart mobility solutions are based on the citizens' life situation, hopes, and wishes. The city's residents must be included as a fundamental part of the work with developing a smart city and smart mobility solutions. It requires both access to and knowledge of mobility services and its technical requirements, such as internet access and mobile payment methods etcetera, as well as cognitive ability to be able to handle both digital services and physical handling of electric cars. Their daily planning varies, but the degree of freedom to be able to move as flexibly as possible is palpable.The project has contributed to a basis for a coherent municipality-wide strategy for planning for future smart mobility, both in the community building process and as part of the city's task to create a sustainable and attractive city for companies and people to work and live in. The project participators see clear synergies with collaboration in this project. Initiatives for continued development and research are ongoing at both a regional and an international level
SESMA Om framtidens hållbara mobilitet i en liten stor stad : Forskningsrapport
No full textAutonoma bilar kommer snart vara en del samhället och rulla på stadens gator. Dock kommer autonoma bilar sannolikt att vara för dyra för vanliga hushåll att äga. Därav försöker biltillverkare att skapa affärsmodeller som gör bildelning mer attraktivt och stimulerar individer och hushåll att dela bilar.Flertal olika forsknings- och samverkansinitiativ går mot tester och lösningar för en smartare och mer hållbar mobilitet i städer. Globalt visar studier på möjligheter och utmaningar främst kopplat till mycket stora städer såsom London, Phoenix, Shanghai och New York. Det saknas forskning kring hur delningsekonomi och smart mobilitet kan bli verklighet i mindre och medelstora städer. Även i ett svenskt perspektiv är ett sådan fokus eftersatt.Detta projekt syftar till att utforska attityder och mobilitetsvanor kring automatiserade, eldrivna och delade bilar i en kommun där befolkningstätheten är betydligt lägre än i svenska storstäder; Trollhättan stad. Projektet bygger på ett forskningssamarbete om smart mobilitet och delningsekonomi mellan ett tvärvetenskapligt forskarteam från Högskolan Väst samt Trollhättans Stad, företag och fastighetsbolag. Fokus har legat på att hitta ett urval av personer och hushåll som varierar i ålder, kön, familjesituation, etnicitet, funktionsvariation, samt grundinställning till teknik och förändring. Tillvägagångssättet är en kombination av designetnografi och tidsgeografi där observationer och kvalitativa intervjuer utgör basen för att komma fram till tre olika resultat: i) riktlinjer för kommunen i deras planering av en hållbar stad; ii) en affärsmodell för biltillverkare med visionen att skapa mer hållbara mobilitetstjänster; och iii) digitala tjänster för delade och autonoma bilar. Ett övergripande mål med samverkansdriven forskning att resultatet ska utvecklas tillsammans samt vara till värde för de olika aktörerna oberoende av om det är inom akademin eller i en praktik (såsom NEVS och Trollhättans Stad). Samverkansdriven forskning bygger också på att samtliga projektdeltagare interagerar för att lyfta fram så många olika perspektiv som möjligt, såväl offentliga som privata perspektiv. Till projektbidragen hör framtagning av ett antal upplevda användarberättelser av bildelning, designidéer på digitala tjänster, affärsmodeller och framtidsscenarier för autonoma bilar samt riktlinjer för kommuners stadsplanering. Resultatet visar på ett flertal utmaningar i att ändra beteende från att använda egen bil eller att äga en eller flera bilar till att istället börja dela bilar. Människor behöver bra argument för förändring och tillräckligt med kunskap för att fatta ett välgrundat beslut. Det är därför av stor vikt att smarta mobilitetslösningar baseras på medborgarnas livssituation, förhoppningar och5önskemål. Stadens invånare ska inkluderas som grundläggande del i utvecklingsarbetet med en smartare stad med smarta mobilitetslösningar. Det krävs både tillgång till och kunskap om mobilitetstjänster och dess tekniska krav på internetaccess och mobila betalningsmetoder samt kognitiv förmåga att kunna hantera såväl digitala tjänster som fysiskt handhavande av elbilar. Planeringshorisonten varierar men frihetsgraden att kunna röra sig så flexibelt som möjligt är påtaglig.Projektet har bidragit med underlag för en sammanhållen kommunövergripande strategi för planering för framtidens mobilitet, både inom samhällsbyggnadsprocessen och som en del av stadens uppgift att skapa en hållbar och attraktiv stad för företag och människor att verka i. Verksamma näringslivsaktörer ser tydliga synergier med samverkan i detta projekt. Initiativ till fortsatt utveckling och forskning pågår på såväl regional som internationell nivå.Autonomous cars will soon be a party of our community and our city traffic. However, autonomous cars are likely to be too expensive for ordinary households to own. As a result, car manufacturers are trying to create business models making car sharing more attractive and stimulate individuals and households to share cars. Several different research and collaboration initiatives are moving towards tests and solutions for smarter and more sustainable mobility. Globally, studies on smart mobility focus on opportunities and challenges mainly in very big cities such as London, Phoenix, Shanghai and New York. There is a lack of research on how sharing economy and smart mobility can become a reality for small and medium-sized cities. In a Swedish perspective, such a focus is far behind and almost neglected. This project aims to explore attitudes and mobility habits around automated, electric and shared cars in a municipality, where the population density is significantly lower than in big Swedish cities, i.e., Trollhättan. The project is based on a research collaboration on smart mobility and sharing economy between an interdisciplinary research team from University West and the city of Trollhättan, private companies and a real estate company. The basis has been to identify a selection of people and households that vary in age, gender, family situation, ethnicity, functional and intellectual abilities, and basic attitudes towards technology and change. The approach is a combination of design ethnography and time geography where observations and qualitative interviews form the basis for arriving at three different results: i) guidelines for the municipality in their planning of a sustainable city; ii) a business model for car manufacturers with the vision of creating more sustainable mobility services; and (iii) digital services for shared and autonomous cars. An overall goal with this collaborative research is that the results should be developed together and be of value to the various actors, regardless of whether they operate within academy or within the private or public sector. Collaborative research is also based on all project participants interacting in order to accommodate as many different perspectives as possible.The project contributions include the production of a number of user stories of car sharing, design ideas and solutions for digital services, business models and future scenarios for autonomous, self-driving cars, as well as guidelines for municipal urban planning. The results show a number of challenges related to people’s attitudes. One is to change behavior from using an own car to instead starting to share cars and ride with others. People must have good arguments7for changing their habits and they need enough knowledge to make an informed decision. It is therefore of great importance that smart mobility solutions are based on the citizens' life situation, hopes, and wishes. The city's residents must be included as a fundamental part of the work with developing a smart city and smart mobility solutions. It requires both access to and knowledge of mobility services and its technical requirements, such as internet access and mobile payment methods etcetera, as well as cognitive ability to be able to handle both digital services and physical handling of electric cars. Their daily planning varies, but the degree of freedom to be able to move as flexibly as possible is palpable.The project has contributed to a basis for a coherent municipality-wide strategy for planning for future smart mobility, both in the community building process and as part of the city's task to create a sustainable and attractive city for companies and people to work and live in. The project participators see clear synergies with collaboration in this project. Initiatives for continued development and research are ongoing at both a regional and an international level
Supporting Knowledgeability In Digital Service Innovation
No full textThis article is grounded in empirical findings from a collaborative research project on Smart Mobility and the Sharing Economy (SMaSE) and is driven by an interest in digital service innovation. One of the primary objectives of the project was to design a digital service that supports smart mobility, based on the principles of the sharing economy. The digital service was subsequently tested in a real-world setting over a period of three weeks. Following the project's conclusion, two actors involved in the project successfully commercialized the digital service. Digital service innovation (DSI) can be conceptualized as a reconfiguration of service systems through digital services. The digital service developed and tested within SMaSE serves as a concrete example of DSI. In the context of DSI, a diverse group of actors participates in a collaborative process. Scholars have argued that the dynamics of learning and knowledge sharing between heterogeneous actors involved in DSI have not been sufficiently explored. Additionally, existing literature provides limited attention to learning and knowledge exchange between these diverse actors, particularly from a practice-oriented perspective, such as the concept of "landscapes of practice" (LoP). The research question guiding this study is: What are the key elements and activities in workshops that foster knowledgeability in digital service innovation? The aim of this paper is to develop an understanding of the role workshops play in enhancing knowledgeability within the context of DSI. This article contributes by proposing a conceptual framework for the planning, execution, and evaluation of workshops that support knowledgeability in DSI. Specifically, the article introduces the "learnsperience" workshop framework, which consists of three key dimensions: structure, tentative design principles, and theoretical concepts. The research approach employed is engaged scholarship, which incorporates both participatory and observational activities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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