1,721,078 research outputs found
Advance Care Decision Making in Germany and Italy. A Comparative, European and International Law Perspective
No full textUniversal Human Rights and End-of-Life Care
Full text linkUniversal human rights like dignity, physical integrity, health, and freedom from torture or inhuman treatment have special relevance to the end-of life
debate and form the basis on which is built the emergence of new biorights. Over the last decades, such rights as the right to informed consent, the right to die with dignity, and the right not to suffer have gained increasing importance in the international legal order. These rights have also contributed to the setting of generally accepted human rights standards that offer authoritative guidance to both domestic legislators and judges. This is particularly important in light of the fact that the regulation of legal questions surrounding the end of life is quite different in domestic jurisdictions, even in a rather homogeneous and integrated
region like Europe, where the relevant legal frameworks still differ according to cultural, ideological, and religious diversities and the more or less liberal attitude adopted by individual States, as it is the case with Germany and Italy. Moving from the above considerations, this chapter will discuss some critical aspects of end-of life decision-making and care within the international human rights framework, with a view to disclosing the relevant legal standards and obligations that may serve as general reference and starting points for a comparison between national jurisdictions. This investigation could also open up the door to a more specific debate on the consistency of domestic legislation on end-of-life issues with international (biomedical and human rights) law
Selbstbestimmung zum Sterben – Fürsorge zum Leben: Widerspruch für die Rechtsordnung?
No full textZu Beginn der Pro-Contra-Debatten haben die Juristen das Wort. Sie diskutieren über die Frage: Soll der Staat Ärzten verbieten, Suizidbeihilfe zu leisten? Beginnen wird Herr Dr. Oliver Tolmein, Rechtsanwalt in Hamburg, der seit vielen Jahren zu medizinrechtlichen und biopolitischen Fragen auch journalistische Texte schreibt. Ihm folgt Prof. Dr. Jochen Taupitz, Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Bürgerliches Recht, Zivilprozessrecht, internationales Privatrecht und Rechtsvergleichung an der Universität Mannheim und stellvertretender Vorsitzender des Deutschen Ethikrats
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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