1,720,960 research outputs found
L’analyse de conformité des soumissions en droit des marchés publics
Get PDFL’analyse de conformité en droit des marchés publics est source de
confusion et de bon nombre de conflits qui doivent être tranchés par les tribunaux.
Ceux-ci peinent toutefois à dégager des lignes directrices claires compte tenu de
la nature contractuelle du processus qui doit être géré au cas par cas. La démarche
actuelle consiste à appliquer certains critères pour déterminer si l’irrégularité
dont est grevée la soumission est importante ou non; dans ce dernier cas, on
reconnaît que l’adjudicateur de l’appel d’offres a discrétion pour passer outre à
cette irrégularité.
L’auteur propose une démarche en deux temps pour déterminer si l’adjudicateur
peut octroyer le contrat à une soumission grevée d’une non-conformité.
Premièrement, l’adjudicateur devrait s’intéresser à la nature de l’exigence (essentielle
ou accessoire) telle qu’elle est rédigée dans les documents d’appel d’offres,
puisque ce document représente la volonté des parties au processus d’appel
d’offres. Dans un second temps, l’adjudicateur pourrait se pencher sur la nature
mineure ou majeure du vice qui nuit à la soumission seulement si ce dernier touche
l’une des exigences mineures des documents d’appel d’offres.Abstract: The analysis of tender compliance is confusing and causes a number of
conflicts before the courts, who are finding it difficult to identify general rules for
this process which must be managed on a case by case basis, given the contractual
nature of calls for tender. The current approach consists in first evaluating the
relative importance of the non-compliance, and then, if the non-compliance is of a
sufficiently unimportant nature, public bodies may exercise their discretion to
waive such irregularities. This paper suggests a two-step process for determining whether public
bodies may award contracts to offrees who have asubmitted non-compliant bids.
First, public bodies should turn to the tendering documentation to determine
whether a requirement is essential or non-essential since those tendering documents
contain the will of the parties participating in the tendering process. Second,
public bodies may only determine whether a defect affecting a bid is major or minor
in nature if that non-compliance relates to a non-essential requirement of the
tender documentation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
L’analyse de conformité des soumissions en droit des marchés publics
No full textL’analyse de conformité en droit des marchés publics est source de confusion et de bon nombre de conflits qui doivent être tranchés par les tribunaux. Ceux-ci peinent toutefois à dégager des lignes directrices claires compte tenu de la nature contractuelle du processus qui doit être géré au cas par cas. La démarche actuelle consiste à appliquer certains critères pour déterminer si l’irrégularité dont est grevée la soumission est importante ou non; dans ce dernier cas, on reconnaît que l’adjudicateur de l’appel d’offres a discrétion pour passer outre à cette irrégularité.L’auteur propose une démarche en deux temps pour déterminer si l’adjudicateur peut octroyer le contrat à une soumission grevée d’une non-conformité. Premièrement, l’adjudicateur devrait s’intéresser à la nature de l’exigence (essentielle ou accessoire) telle qu’elle est rédigée dans les documents d’appel d’offres, puisque ce document représente la volonté des parties au processus d’appel d’offres. Dans un second temps, l’adjudicateur pourrait se pencher sur la nature mineure ou majeure du vice qui nuit à la soumission seulement si ce dernier touche l’une des exigences mineures des documents d’appel d’offres.The analysis of tender compliance is confusing and causes a number of conflicts before the courts, who are finding it difficult to identify general rules for this process which must be managed on a case by case basis, given the contractual nature of calls for tender. The current approach consists in first evaluating the relative importance of the non-compliance, and then, if the non-compliance is of a sufficiently unimportant nature, public bodies may exercise their discretion to waive such irregularities.This paper suggests a two-step process for determining whether public bodies may award contracts to offrees who have asubmitted non-compliant bids. First, public bodies should turn to the tendering documentation to determine whether a requirement is essential or non-essential since those tendering documents contain the will of the parties participating in the tendering process. Second, public bodies may only determine whether a defect affecting a bid is major or minor in nature if that non-compliance relates to a non-essential requirement of the tender documentation
Liability of the Crown: Are Immunities Unnecessary in Québec?
No full textThe Crown has extensive powers and can sometimes cause injuries to those it governs through the use or misuse or these powers. Since there is no legislative scheme in place in Québec to create a specific regime for compensating these injured parties, the Crown is generally subject to the law of the land just like any other subject of the law.
The separation of powers in Canada limits the power of the courts to review and evaluate Crown actions. The deference they must exercise in this review ensures that courts do not encroach on the legislative’s will to endow the Crown with its sovereign powers. This deference is relatively well understood in public law when it comes to declaring whether the use of these sovereign powers by the Crown was legal and within its mandate.
The same principle of deference also applies to civil lawsuits in compensation. In Québec, the current form this deference takes is that the Crown is immune from normal rules of civil liability when it uses its core policy powers (such as regulatory powers), unless these powers were exercised in bad faith. This judicial scheme, however, appears unnecessary and needlessly complex. The definition of bad faith has been construed by the Supreme Court to include any action that would constitute a gross fault under the Québec civil law regime; in practice, the exercise of policy powers would command deference even if the standard was that of a simple fault. This means that the immunity only protects the Crown from injuries caused by the sort of action that it would not be liable for under the private law regime, making the immunity unnecessary
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Le choix d'un mode d'adjudication ou d'attribution des contrats comportant une dépense inférieure au seuil d'appel d'offres public en vertu de la Loi sur les contrats des organismes publics
No full textLe mémoire étudie l'encadrement du pouvoir accordé aux organismes publics d'adjuger ou d'attribuer les contrats comportant une dépense inférieure au seuil d'appel d'offres public. Dans un premier temps, il s'intéresse aux règles de droit civil et de droit publics applicables aux organismes publics québécois afin de tracer le contour de la discrétion dont disposent les organismes publics dans ce contexte. Dans un deuxième temps, il décrit les modes d'adjudication et d'attribution disponibles et recherche les objectifs pertinents que peuvent rechercher les organismes publics lors de l'octroi du contrat. Cette étude permet de suggérer un modèle cie démarche visant à sélectionner l'un des modes d'adjudication ou d'attribution en fonction des objectifs recherchés par la conclusion des contrats comportant une dépense inférieure au seuil d'appel d'offres public en fonction des différentes circonstances propres à chaque contrat
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