175,788 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
La conversazione in poesia nella narrativa chuanqi delle dinastie Yuan e Ming: analisi preliminare della novella Jiao Hong ji e di due racconti di epoca Ming
No full textIl saggio presenta un'analisi preliminare delle dinamiche della conversazione in poesia nella costruzione della coppia amorosa nella novellistica chuanqi dei periodi Yuan e Ming. Lo studio esamina la funzione narrativa degli scambi poetici nella novella Jiao Hong ji (La storia di Jiaoniang e Feihong), e ne considera l'influenza sulle novelle di epoca Ming "Jia Yunhua huanhun ji" e "Zhongqing liji
Ji-Won Byun
No full text학위논문(석사)--아주대학교 일반대학원 :의생명학과,2014. 2ABSTRACT ⅰ
TABLE OF CONTENTS ⅲ
LIST OF FIGURES ⅴ
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 1
A. Parkinsons disease and related genes 1
B. LRRK2 regulates actin dynamics and microglial motility 1
C. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) as a master molecule that regulates adhesion and movement of cells 2
D. Specific aims 4
Ⅱ. MATERIAL AND METHODS 5
A. Transgenic mice 5
B. Cell culture 5
C. Time-lapse microscopy 6
D. Immunofluorescence staining 6
E. siRNA transfection 6
F. Immunoprecipitation (IP) assay 7
G. Western blot 7
H. In vivo stab wound assay 8
I. Immunohistochemistry 8
Ⅲ. RESULTS 10
Ⅳ. DISCUSSION 24
Ⅴ. CONCLUSION 26
REFERENCES 27
국문요약 31MasterParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by dopaminergic neuronal death in the substantia nigra. Microglia are brain macrophages that continuously survey the microenvironment of the brain to find out and repair brain damage. Although PD associated genes are expressed in microglia, their roles in these cells are largely unknown. The present study revealed that LRRK2, a PD-associated gene, regulates the migration of microglia. LRRK2 was located in ruffles, an actin rich structure of moving cells, when ADP induced microglial movement. In immunoprecipation assay, LRRK2 interacted with focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a protein that regulates the adhesion and migration of cells. LRRK2 and FAK were co-localized with ruffles when microglia actively moved. The overexpression of LRRK2 reduced the phosphorylated FAK levels compared with that of the mock, which suggests that LRRK2 inhibits FAK activation. LRRK2 G2019S, a pathologic LRRK2 mutant, more significantly inhibited the FAK activation and the movement of microglia than non-transgenic LRRK2 did. Furthermore, microglial migration defects were also observed in stab-wounded LRRK2 G2019S TG mice brain. Taken together, these results suggest that LRRK2 suppresses microglial movement by inhibiting FAK activation. Importantly, mutations of LRRK2, such as G2019S, could increase the risk of PD development, since microglia could not properly respond to and repair brain damage
Ji Ho Heo
No full text학위논문(석사)--아주대학교 일반대학원 :분자과학기술학과,2010. 2최근 두 개의 coaxial 세관으로 구성된 방사는 두 가지 다른 고분자 용액을 이용해 core-shell 구조의 섬유를 만들기 위한 전기방사기술로 발전 되어왔다. 이러한 coaxial 전기방사 기술은 다공성과 섬유모양을 갖는 지지체를 제조할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 성장인자와 같은 생체활성물질을 활성유지 및 높은 효율로 함유시키는 기술로써 큰 잠재성을 갖는다.
본 연구에서는 앞서 소개된 coaxial 전기방사 기술을 이용하여 바깥부분은 PLGA, 안쪽 부분은 히알루론산으로 구성되고, 성장인자인 bFGF을 함유한 core-shell 구조의 마이크로 섬유를 제조 하였고, 그 형태 및 구조를 분석하고 분해거동 및 방출속도를 평가하였다. Coaxial 전기방사를 이용하여 core-shell 구조의 마이크로 섬유를 만들기 위해 PLGA와 히알루론산 용액을 각각 바깥쪽, 안쪽 주사바늘로 공급하였다. 전자주사현미경과 투과전자현미경을 이용하여 제조된 core-shell 구조를 갖는 마이크로 섬유의 표면과 구조를 관찰하였다. 전자주사현미경을 통해 마이크로 섬유의 지름은 안쪽 주사의 속도에 의해 조절이 가능함을 확인하였다. 또한 FITC가 붙은 BSA단백질을 core 물질로 사용하여 core-shell 구조의 마이크로 섬유를 제조하였고, 섬유 안쪽에 단백질 분포를 형광 이미지로 확인하기 위해 공초점 레이저 현미경을 사용하였다. 공초점 레이저 현미경 이미지를 통해 섬유 안쪽에 녹색 빛을 띠는 것을 확인하였고, 이를 통해 BSA 단백질이 섬유 안쪽 부분을 따라 고르게 분포 된 것을 확인하였다. 투과전자현미경 이미지 역시 core물질이 PLGA 섬유안쪽으로 잘 함유된 것을 증명해준다. 체내 분해 그리고 성장인자 방출 거동 평가는 28일 동안 진행되었고, 그 결과 bFGF는 24시간 동안 방출되었고 방출 속도는 바깥 섬유의 두께에 따라 조절이 가능하였다. 분해 형태는 주사 전자 현미경을 통해 관찰하였고, 그 결과 core 물질이 시간이 지나감에 따라 빠져나가고, 그 구조가 붕괴되는 것을 확인하였다. 위의 결과로부터 core-shell 구조의 마이크로 섬유는 성장인자 방출조절이 가능한 조직공학용 지지체로써 기능 할 것으로 기대한다.Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 1
A. Tissue engineering 1
B. Biomaterials applied to tissue engineering 4
1. Ideal biomaterial characteristics 5
2. Pores and permeation in biomaterials 6
3. Biodegradability 6
4. Material stiffness 7
C. Biodegradable polymers for tissue engineering 8
1. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) [Synthetic polymer] 11
2. Hyaluronic acid [Natural polymer] 14
D. Growth factor delivery in tissue engineering 18
E. Preparation of porous three-dimensional scaffolds 21
F. Electrospinning 22
G. Objectives 28
Ⅱ. EXPERIMENTAL PARTS 30
A. Materials 30
B. Fabrication of core-shell structured microfibrous scaffolds 30
C. Characterizations of core-shell structured microfibrous scaffolds 34
1. Surface morphology 34
2. Core-shell structure 34
D. In vitro protein release tests 34
1. In vitro BSA release test 34
2. In vitro bFGF release teat 35
E. In vitro degradation test 37
Ⅲ. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 38
A. Fabrication of core-shell structured microfibrous scaffolds 38
B. Characterizations of core-shell structured microfibrous scaffolds 40
1. Morphology of core-shell structured microfibrous scaffolds 40
2. Conformation of core-shell structure 43
C. In vitro protein release tests 46
1. In vitro BSA release behavior 46
2. In vitro bFGF release behavior 46
D. In vitro degradation test 49
Ⅳ. CONCLUSIONS 51
Ⅴ. REFERENCES 52MasterRecently, a spinneret composed of two coaxial capillaries was developed for simultaneously electrospinning two different polymer solutions into core-shell structured fibers. This coaxial electrospinning technique has potential for incorporating bioactive molecules such as growth factors, as well as producing highly porous and fibrous scaffolds. In this study, coaxial electrospinning technique was introduced to fabricate core-shell structured microfibers (CSMs) encapsulating basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), composed of outer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and inner hyaluronic acid (HA) layers for tissue engineering. The PLGA and HA solutions were delivered to the outer and inner coaxial needle, respectively to fabricate CSMs by coaxial electrospinning. Morphology of the CSMs was observed by SEM and TEM. The diameter of CSMs could be controlled by the variation of the core flow rate. In addition, protein distribution of the inner core was observed by CLSM using FITC-BSA. CLSM images showed that the fibers emitted green light, suggesting the distribution of the BSA molecules along the core region of fibers homogeneously. TEM images were also applied to obtain further evidence that bFGF were indeed encapsulated within the shell material. In vitro degradation and bFGF release study were performed for 28 days. In the result of the bFGF release study, the growth factor was released for 24 hrs from CSMs in a steady manner and the release rate was controlled by the thickness of the outer shell. The degradation morphology of the electrospun scaffolds was observed by SEM. Due to the loss of the core contents, apparent collapse was observed on most CSMs. Obtained results demonstrated that the CSMs may be a promising scaffold releasing growth factors in controlled manner for tissue engineering
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
Dr. Edwin Wright Collection: Author Unknown
No full textNotes - The author relates several short stories about his neighbours including Alex McDonell, homesteading and life around Meanook and Athabasca (1 page
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
I diji del primo periodo medievale tra letteratura e filologia: il Jiaozhou ji di Liu Xinqi
No full textTaking the Jiaozhou ji 交州記 (Notes on Jiaozhou) of Liu Xinqi 劉欣期 (ca. 4th century) as a case study, the thesis explores the realm of Early Medieval geographical accounts and their literary and cultural role. After a comprehensive description of the genre of diji, the discourse moves to the philological analysis of the Jiaozhou ji, its different collations, internal problematics and incongruences, thus advances a new methodology for a more scientific textual criticism of Chinese lost texts and more accurate collation of the work itself
You chun jing you ji wu zhi ji qi hun he wu chan sheng de ju you tui ji hua xing zhi de chao Ruili san she de guang pu yan jiu
No full textChen Ji = 由純淨有機物質及其混合物產生的具有退極化性質的超瑞利散射的光譜研究 / 陳佶.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-92).Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese.Chen Ji = You chun jing you ji wu zhi ji qi hun he wu chan sheng de ju you tui ji hua xing zhi de chao Ruili san she de guang pu yan jiu / Chen Ji.Abstract --- p.iChhiese Abstract --- p.iiAcknowledgments --- p.iiiTable of Contents --- p.ivList of Figures and Tables --- p.viiChapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter Chapter 2 --- Basic Theory --- p.5Chapter 2.1 --- A brief introduction to nonlinear optics --- p.5Chapter 2.2 --- Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) --- p.7Chapter 2.3 --- Hyper Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) --- p.9Chapter 2.4 --- Comparison between Second Harmonic Generation and Hyper Rayleigh Scattering --- p.10Chapter 2.5 --- HRS signal from a liquid --- p.12Chapter 2.6 --- Methods for measuring hyperpolarizability βby HRS --- p.13Chapter 2.7 --- Theoretical description of the depolarization ratio in HRS for a rod-like molecule --- p.16Chapter 2.8 --- Organic molecules with strong quadratic nonlinearities --- p.20Chapter Chapter 3 --- Experimental Setup --- p.25Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.25Chapter 3.2 --- Detailed descriptions of the main componets --- p.27Chapter 3.2.1 --- Laser system --- p.27Chapter 3.2.2 --- Scattered light collection system --- p.29Chapter 3.2.3 --- Data acquisition system --- p.32Chapter 3.3 --- Basic performance tests of the experimental setup --- p.35Chapter 3.3.1 --- Temporal stability of the apparatus --- p.35Chapter 3.3.2 --- Linearity of the light detection apparatus --- p.36Chapter 3.3.3 --- Background noise --- p.38Chapter 3.4 --- Sample preparation --- p.40Chapter Chapter 4 --- General spectral measurements and measurement of hyperpolarizability β for some organic chemicals --- p.41Chapter 4.1 --- Low and high resolution HRS spectra of several common liquids --- p.41Chapter 4.2 --- Experimental performance test of HRS by using PNA solution --- p.45Chapter 4.3 --- Measurements of the first order hyperpolarizability b for Crystal Violet (CV) by a modified Internal Reference Method (IRM) --- p.50Chapter 4.3.1 --- Basic spectral measurement of CV --- p.50Chapter 4.3.2 --- Measurement of hyperpolarizability β for CV --- p.52Chapter Chapter 5 --- Study of coherent and incoherent hyper-Rayleigh scattering for organic chemicals --- p.57Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.57Chapter 5.2 --- Calibration of the experimental setup --- p.59Chapter 5.3 --- "Study of depolarization ratio of PNA solution, Nitrobenzene and CCl4" --- p.64Chapter 5.4 --- Further study of depolarization ratio for Nitrobenzene and its mixtures --- p.68Chapter 5.5 --- More studies on depolarization ratios for CC14 and Nitrobenzene --- p.79Chapter 5.6 --- "Spectral study of PNA solution, Nitrobenzene and its mixtures" --- p.83Chapter 5.7 --- Summary --- p.85Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusions --- p.88References --- p.9
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