7 research outputs found

    The left, elections, and the political party system in the Philippines

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    Elections in the Philippines have long been the turf of trapos - traditional politicians identified with the country's oligarchic elite. At the same time, elections have been one of the weakest spots on the left. This is so not only because the trapos have always seen to it that there is no level playing field, but also because for some time, a large section of the left rejected elections as "bourgeois" exercises and chose to boycott them and fight in other arenas. This article examines the electoral challenge of the left - communists and the Communist Party-aligned "national democrats," as well as social democrats and independent socialists - to the trapos and traditional parties in the Philippines. The author argues that the left has not made much progress in breaking trapo domination over the post-Marcos political party and electoral systems not so much because of its long-held aversion to electoral politics, as some scholars contend, but more because of the persistence of an instrumental view of democratic processes and institutions - at least within a sizeable part of the left. But this is changing. The author observes that some emergent left parties have adopted or are moving toward an integral view of democracy. These emergent forces have made vital breakthroughs in the congressional party-list vote and are now more methodically entering other electoral contests, particularly at the barangay (village) and municipal levels

    FLUORESCENCE-DIP INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF 2-PYRIDONE, ITS DIMER, AND WATER CLUSTERS

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    Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Purdue UniversityFluorescence-dip infrared spectroscopy (FDIRS) and IR-UV hole-burning spectroscopy have been used to probe the structures and dynamics of hydrogen bonding in the S0S_{0} and S1S_{1} states of 2-pyridone (2PYR), its dimer (2PYR)2(2PYR)_{2}, and its water-containing clusters 2PYR(H2O)n2PYR-(H_{2}O)_{n} (with n=1n=1 and 2). This double resonance scheme combines the sensitivity of laser-induced fluorescence with the structure-resolving power of IR spectroscopy. 2-pyridone is the keto form of 2-hydroxypyridine (2HOP) and contains the same H-bonding sites that are found in the pyrimidine base, uracil (U). The pyridone dimer provides a first glimpse of an ``improper'' base pairing intcraction in modeling the U-U dimer. The 2-pyridone dimer is known to be a cyclic, doubly H-bonded structure with C2hC_{2}h symmetry. The infrared spectrum of this dimer has a single NH stretch which carries all the oscillator strength in this region. It produces an intense absorption with a maximum just below 2700cm12700 cm^{-}1, and a long tail stretching nearly 200cm1200 cm^{-}1 beyond this maximum. Distinct, sharp sub-structure with irregular spacing of about 510cm15-10 cm^{-}1 and widths of 25cm12-5 cm^{-}1 underlies this envelope. The implications of this sub-structure for the strong coupling present in the pyridone dimer will be discussed

    Violence research in Northeast and Southeast Asia: main themes and directions

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    The study analyses research on violence in the Northeast and Southeast Asia with respect to four types: political, urban, domestic and youth violence, highlighting current research themes, tendencies and gaps in violence research on and in the region, and identifying needs for further research. Commonalities and differences between countries and subregions are examined, along with a treatment of the colonial experience that influenced political violence in postcolonial countries

    Abstracts of the 3rd Annual Graduate Entry Research in Medicine Conference

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    This book contains the abstracts of the papers presented at The 3rd Annual Graduate Entry Research in Medicine Conference (GERMCON 2020) Organized by Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick in collaboration with Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Wales, UK held on 12–18 October 2020. This was especially important for Graduate Entry Medical (GEM) students, who have less opportunity and time to engage in research due to their accelerated medical degree. Conference Title: 3rd Annual Graduate Entry Research in Medicine ConferenceConference Acronym: GERMCON 2020Conference Date: 12–18 October 2020Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizer: Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UKCo-organizer: Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Wales, UK Other Abstract Book of GERMCON: Abstracts of the 4th Annual Graduate Entry Research in Medicine Conferenc
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