383 research outputs found
Divergent histories of rDNA group I introns in the lichen family Physciaceae
No full textThe wide but sporadic distribution of group I introns in protists, plants, and fungi, as well as in eubacteria, likely resulted from extensive lateral transfer followed by differential loss. The extent of horizontal transfer of group I introns can potentially be determined by examining closely related species or genera. We used a phylogenetic approach with a large data set (including 62 novel large subunit [LSU] rRNA group I introns) to study intron movement within the monophyletic lichen family Physciaceae. Our results show five cases of horizontal transfer into homologous sites between species but do not support transposition into ectopic sites. This is in contrast to previous work with Physciaceae small subunit (SSU) rDNA group I introns where strong support Was found for multiple ectopic transpositions. This difference in the apparent number of ectopic intron movements between SSU and LSU rDNA genes may in part be explained by a larger number of positions in the SSU rRNA, which can Support the insertion and/or retention of group I introns. In contrast. we suggest that the LSU rRNA may have fewer acceptable positions and therefore intron spread is limited in this gene
Structural and quantitative neuroimaging of the common marmoset monkey using a clinical MRI system
No full textPurpose was to adapt structural and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from humans to common marmoset monkeys on a clinical 3T scanner and to demonstrate the value for translational research.Three-dimensional T1- and T2-weighted MRI and gradient echo-based multi-parameter mapping was performed on nine adult animals using a wrist coil. Structural MRI was applied in a model of targeted experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Magnetization transfer (MT) and T1 parameter maps were used to depict axon-rich cortical areas. After intraveneous triple dose of gadobutrol, the excretion half-time was determined from consecutive measurements of R1 = 1/T1. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed at 1 mm resolution.At 0.4 mm resolution, total measurement time (30 min) was compatible with injection anesthesia, permitting rapid screening and frequent follow-up. Structural MRI depicted the EAE lesion in white matter. Quantitative values of T1, MT, and R2 in marmoset brain were comparable to humans, except for smaller R2 indicating lower iron content in basal ganglia. The middle temporal V5 area and the cortical layer IV could be identified, but were considerably better delineated when averaging two images at 0.33 mm resolution (70 min). A similar distribution volume (23%), but a shorter excretion half time than in humans (30 min) was observed. DTI was feasible only in larger structures, such as major axonal tracts.High-resolution MRI of common marmosets proved feasible using clinical MRI hardware. A rapid 3D examination protocol was established for screening under injection anesthesia, thus avoiding the adverse effects of inhalation anesthesia
Some remarks concerning European law:The example of the anti-Helms-Burton measures
No full textThe Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Libertad Act, also known as the Helms-Burton Act, envisages, amongst other things, putting an end to the trafficking in property having belonged to US nationals which was confiscated by the Cuban government on or after January 1, 1959. Measures against Helms-Burton have been implemented by many states. The European Community and the European Union have also legislated against this Act. The EC measures against Helms-Burton are encompassed by a regulation dated November 22, 1996. In addition to the EC regulation, the European Union took action against Helms-Burton on the basis of Articles J.3 and K.3 of the Treaty on European Union. The Union decided that all of its Member States should take the measures they may find necessary to safeguard the interests of natural or legal persons within their territory which are not protected by the EC regulation Official Journal 1996 L 309/7. In order to understand the above European measures and the way in which they were enacted, some knowledge of the structure and competences of the European Community and the European Union is required. In this note the author discusses the difference between the European Community and the European Union; the type of instrument encompassing the anti-Helms-Burton measures; the legal basis of the EC and EU measures against Helms-Burton and some related issues
Seneca by candlelight and other stories of Renaissance drama
No full text""English Seneca read by candlelight," wrote the Elizabethan author Thomas Nashe, "will afford you whole Hamlets." In the early decades of this century, literary and theater historians took Nashe at his word, finding Senecan tragedy at the source of Renaissance drama. More recently, critics have been inclined to dismiss traces of classical antiquity as a superficial veneer on a drama derived from medieval traditions." "In Seneca by Candlelight Lorraine Helms revisits this terrain to explore the rich and various ways in which classical learning shaped the theatrical culture of the Renaissance. Grounding her book as much in her own experiences as a performer as on her easy command of literary and social history, Helms uncovers the practical advice on acting and stagecraft to be found in the writings of ancient rhetoricians; reconstructs the extraordinary circumstances under which an English woman first rendered Euripides into her native language; and ponders the precedents in antiquity for Elizabethan portrayals of prostitution and female martyrdom."--BOOK JACKET
The Helms-Burton Act and Transnational Legal Process
No full textSince its April 1996 passage, the Helms-Burton Act has raised the controversial issue of prescriptive jurisdiction over foreign companies through domestic legislation. The Act has two stated purposes: first, to speed the replacement of the Castro regime with a democratic government in Cuba; and second, to protect the rights of U.S. nationals whose property was expropriated by the Cuban government. Titles I and II address the first stated goal by implementing certain restrictions on the executive office in its relations with and regarding Cuba. Titles IMI and IV address the second stated goal. Title III, in particular, garners the most controversy by granting any U.S. national with a claim for property confiscated by Cuba since 1959 to bring suit in U.S. courts against any person who traffics in such property. The legislative intent is to chill foreign investment in and trade with Cuba.
Professor Dodge offers a brief overview of the Helms- Burton Act and its foreign responses, and compares the controversy over Helms-Burton to the Fruehauf case of the mid-1960s and the Soviet Pipeline dispute of the early 1980s. Finally, the author uses the Act to illustrate the transnational legal process dynamic
The Helms-Burton Act and Transnational Legal Process
No full textSince its April 1996 passage, the Helms-Burton Act has raised the controversial issue of prescriptive jurisdiction over foreign companies through domestic legislation. The Act has two stated purposes: first, to speed the replacement of the Castro regime with a democratic government in Cuba; and second, to protect the rights of U.S. nationals whose property was expropriated by the Cuban government. Titles I and II address the first stated goal by implementing certain restrictions on the executive office in its relations with and regarding Cuba. Titles IMI and IV address the second stated goal. Title III, in particular, garners the most controversy by granting any U.S. national with a claim for property confiscated by Cuba since 1959 to bring suit in U.S. courts against any person who traffics in such property. The legislative intent is to chill foreign investment in and trade with Cuba.
Professor Dodge offers a brief overview of the Helms- Burton Act and its foreign responses, and compares the controversy over Helms-Burton to the Fruehauf case of the mid-1960s and the Soviet Pipeline dispute of the early 1980s. Finally, the author uses the Act to illustrate the transnational legal process dynamic
La saga de la loi Helms-Burton : liberté de commerce versus sécurité nationale
No full textAlliant les disciplines du droit, de l'économie et de la science politique, l'auteur veut, dans le présent article, permettre au lecteur de saisir rapidement les tenants et les aboutissants de la loi Helms-Burton, adoptée en 1996 par les États-Unis en vue d'isoler économiquement Cuba et que l'on dit extra territoriale. Dans la première partie, l'auteur s'emploie à expliquer les causes ayant mené à l'adoption de cette loi et à en décrire les mesures, spécialement celles qui soulèvent l'opposition de la communauté internationale et d'un bon nombre d'Américains. Ensuite, les réactions à la loi seront analysées, plus particulièrement celles du Canada, du Mexique et de l'Union européenne qui se défendent contre cette loi sur les plans diplomatique et légal. C'est là que l'auteur s'attardera sur le débat entourant la validité juridique de la loi Helms-Burton eu égard à l'Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT) et à l'Accord de libre-échange nord-américain (ALENA) et dans lequel, au respect de la liberté de commerce invoquée par leurs principaux partenaires économiques, les États-Unis opposent les impératifs de leur sécurité nationale.By setting up a tri-disciplinary approach combining law, economics and political science, in this paper the author seeks to enable the reader to quickly encompass the innuendoes underlying the American Helms-Burton Act, an extra-territorial piece of legislation passed in 1996 in an effort to further economically isolate Cuba. Initially, the author explains the causes leading up to this legislation and then states its controversial provisions that have indisposed the international community as well as many Americans. Thereafter, he reviews the reactions to the law, especially those of Canada, Mexico and the European Union, all of whom have taken this Act to task both legally and diplomatically. It is on this point that the author delves into the debate surrounding the legal validity of the Helms-Burton Act in light the World Trade Organization's General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), namely in which the aforementioned nations have invoked respect for free trade and have been met by the United States' premise of the overriding necessities of national security
The ties that bind : immigration and the global political economy /
No full textMigration is among the central domestic and global political issues of today. Yet the causes and consequences - and the relationship between migration and global markets - are poorly understood. Migration is both costly and risky, so why do people decide to migrate? What are the political, social, economic, and environmental factors that cause people to leave their homes and seek a better life elsewhere? Leblang and Helms argue that political factors - the ability to participate in the political life of a destination - are as important as economic and social factors. Most migrants don't cut ties with their homeland but continue to be engaged, both economically and politically. Migrants continue to serve as a conduit for information, helping drive investment to their homelands. The authors combine theory with a wealth of micro and macro evidence to demonstrate that migration isn't static, after all, but continuously fluid.Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 02 Feb 2023).Introduction: Immigration and globalization -- Origins : why do people migrate? -- Destinations : where do migrants go? -- Diaspora bonds : global migration and international investment -- Origin statecraft : remittances and diaspora engagement -- Destination statecraft : labor market policy and the regulation of migration -- Conclusion: Migration and the future of globalization.Migration is among the central domestic and global political issues of today. Yet the causes and consequences - and the relationship between migration and global markets - are poorly understood. Migration is both costly and risky, so why do people decide to migrate? What are the political, social, economic, and environmental factors that cause people to leave their homes and seek a better life elsewhere? Leblang and Helms argue that political factors - the ability to participate in the political life of a destination - are as important as economic and social factors. Most migrants don't cut ties with their homeland but continue to be engaged, both economically and politically. Migrants continue to serve as a conduit for information, helping drive investment to their homelands. The authors combine theory with a wealth of micro and macro evidence to demonstrate that migration isn't static, after all, but continuously fluid
A Comparison of Author CV and Archiving Tools
No full textAn IU Libraries blog post.
"If you’re considering self-archiving your scholarly work, the natural follow-up question is “Where?” Several services exist that offer archiving and CV-like profiles for scholars. This blog post will examine a few of them, taking note in particular of whether they permit document-uploading, how automatic the CV-generation process is, the costs of the service, and a few of the metrics the service might provide...
The Nationality of Claims Principle of Public International Law and the Helms-Burton Act
No full textThe Helms-Burton act is more than a vehicle for claimants of confiscated Cuban property; it seeks an international moratorium on investment in Cuba to force political change. This use of law to promote foreign policy objectives violates established principles of international law and is at odds with customary government policy.
Mr. Muse argues that the Act violates the nationality of claims principle by providing a right of action in federal courts to Cuban property claimants who were Cuban citizens at the time of confiscation. The vast majority of potential claimants under Title Ill were not U.S. citizens in 1959. Further, the U.S. government has always abided by the nationality of claims principle, and the author describes the cases of Italy and Czechoslovakia. The author concludes that Congress must amend the Act to remedy its violation of international law
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