1,720,957 research outputs found
Characterization of generative development in early maturing litchi ‘Early Big’, a novel cultivar in Taiwan
No full textIntroduction. A short harvest window is common in litchi production
worldwide, leading to imbalance between supply and demand for fresh fruit. This problem
can be mitigated with early-maturing cultivars, such as ‘Early Big’, released in 2010 in
Taiwan. Our goal was to characterize the generative development in this novel litchi
cultivar. Materials and methods. The patterns of female flowering and fruit
development, and fruit abscission were investigated in ‘Early Big’ litchi in 2013 and
2014. The relationship between the second round (2ndR) blooming and the first round
(1stR) fruit was
studied. The ambient temperature in both years was recorded. Results and discussion.
2–3 weeks after full female bloom (AFFB) the 2ndR flowering occurred, followed
by fruit abscission with loss of 95% fruit within 4 weeks AFFB in ‘Early Big’ litchi,
resulting in low yield at harvest. The 2ndR blooming was negatively correlated with the
1stR fruit
retention rate from week 4 AFFB in 2013. Overall, the period of low temperature from
November through to the following March was longer in 2013/2014 than in 2012/2013. The
trait of early maturing in ‘Early Big’ is mainly due to early flowering. Temperature may
be related to the generative development in ‘Early Big’. The accumulation of low
temperature in early spring may be related to poor initial fruit set. Conclusion.
The presence of 2ndR flowering also potentially reduced the 1stR fruit set and retention.
These issues must be addressed to develop field strategies to improve yield in ‘Early Big’
litchi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Functional divergence and intron variability during evolution of angiosperm TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) genes
No full textThe protein encoded by the TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) gene maintains indeterminacy in inflorescence meristem to repress flowering, and has undergone multiple duplications. However, basal angiosperms have one copy of a TFL1-like gene, which clusters with eudicot TFL1/CEN paralogs. Functional conservation has been reported in the paralogs CENTRORADIALIS (CEN) in eudicots, and ROOTS CURL IN NPA (RCNs) genes in monocots. In this study, long-term functional conservation and selective constraints were found between angiosperms, while the relaxation of selective constraints led to subfunctionalisation between paralogs. Long intron lengths of magnoliid TFL1-like gene contain more conserved motifs that potentially regulate TFL1/CEN/RCNs expression. These might be relevant to the functional flexibility of the non-duplicate TFL1-like gene in the basal angiosperms in comparison with the short, lower frequency intron lengths in eudicot and monocot TFL1/CEN/RCNs paralogs. The functionally conserved duplicates of eudicots and monocots evolved according to the duplication-degeneration-complementation model, avoiding redundancy by relaxation of selective constraints on exon 1 and exon 4. These data suggest that strong purifying selection has maintained the relevant functions of TFL1/CEN/RCNs paralogs on flowering regulation throughout the evolution of angiosperms, and the shorter introns with radical amino acid changes are important for the retention of paralogous duplicates
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
(64(4):290-298)Damage of Red Banded Thrips [Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard)] on Litchi Leaves and Efficacy Tests of Some Insecticides
No full text赤帶薊馬為廣布於世界熱帶與亞熱帶地區的多食性害蟲，有危害可可、腰果、芒果、酪梨、番石榴等多種果樹紀錄，本研究則為首次於台灣報導赤帶薊馬危害荔枝紀錄。嘉義地區於2014 年7 月至11 月間持續溫暖、乾燥天候環境適於赤帶薊馬大量發生，並於當年11 月於農業試驗所嘉義農業試驗分所荔枝園觀察到「黑葉」、「糯米糍 (73-S-20)」、「台農3 號 (玫瑰紅)」、「台農5 號 (紅寶石)」、「台農7 號 (早大荔)」等商業品種的葉片受赤帶薊馬危害，使葉片上表皮與中肋具青銅色斑駁狀危害食痕。赤帶薊馬喜愛取食荔枝葉片中肋附近組織，使受害區域細胞皺褶畸形甚至失去組織排列秩序。研究利用浸葉餵食法分別以40.8% 陶斯松EC稀釋1,000×、50.0% 芬殺松EC 稀釋1,000×、2.4% 第滅寧SC 稀釋1,500×、85.0% 加保利WP 稀釋850× 及40.46% 加保扶SC 稀釋1,000× 處理24 h 後，均能使赤帶薊馬若蟲及成蟲死亡率達到100%。因此，依荔枝果園慣行病蟲害管理與枝梢養護，應可避免赤帶薊馬造成嚴重危害。
Red banded thrip (Selenothrips rubrocinctus) is a polyphagous pest widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions in the world. The thrip attacks various fruit trees such as cacao, cashew, mango, avocado, and guava in certain habitats. In this study, we first recorded the infestation of red banded thrips on litchi in Taiwan. We observed the damage on leaves of ‘Hak Ip’, ‘No Mai Tsz (73-S-20)’, ‘Tainung No. 3 (Rose Red)’, ‘Tainung No. 5 (Ruby)’, and ‘Tainung No. 7 (Early Big)’ litchis in the orchard at Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute in November, 2014, after a warm and dry period in almost half of year. Surface of infested litchi leaves, especially nearby the midrib, showed bronzing and patched necrosis. Upper epidermis and mesophyll in damage tissues are shriveled, distorted and even disorganized. We also tested toxicity of 5 insecticides, including 40.8% chlorpyrifos EC (1,000× dilution), 50.0% fenthion EC (1,000× dilution), 2.4% deltametrin SC (1,500× dilution), 85.0% carbaryl WP (850× dilution), and 40.46% carbofuran SC (1,000× dilution) to red banded thrips in the study. All the insecticides killed 100% larva and adults of thrips within 24 h after leaf-dip assays. Our results suggest that massive occurrence of red banded thrips can be avoided under conventional pest management
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