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Spatial and temporal variability of Net Primary Production on the Agulhas Bank, 1998–2018
Get PDFDespite the importance of Agulhas Bank (AB) marine productivity in supporting South African coastal fisheries and shelf ecosystems, there are relatively few regional-scale assessments of its spatial and temporal variability, and most productivity studies have been limited in scale. Here we use satellite-derived Net Primary Production (NPP) rates calculated using the Vertically Generalized Production Model (VGPM) to examine the spatial and temporal dynamics of NPP over the 21-year satellite record (1998–2018) on the AB. In calculating VGPM NPP we used the OCCI Chlorophyll-a product, SST from Operational-Sea-Surface-Temperature-and-Sea-Ice-Analysis (OSTIA) and PAR from GlobColour level-3 mapped products as these represent the longest datasets that fit our extended study period. We examine spatial trends between the eastern and central AB, as well as three areas of the bank (around Port Alfred, the Tsitsikamma coast, and the ‘cold ridge’) that have been previously identified as contributing significantly to the overall productivity of the AB. The AB shows only a moderate degree of seasonality in NPP calculated from the VGPM, with NPP being highest in austral summer (1.7–1.8 g C m−2 d−1) and lowest in winter (0.9–1.0 g C m−2 d−1), and remains relatively high (>1 g C m−2 d−1) throughout the year, contrasting sharply with other shelf systems. Considered annually, NPP on the bank was 516 g C m−2 yr−1 (38 Mt C yr−1 when scaled to the total shelf area) which is higher than many other shelf systems though lower than the neighbouring Benguela system and is indicative of a moderately productive shelf system fuelled by perennial NPP. Comparing different sections of the AB from east to central bank, and including the three upwelling areas, highlighted that spatial differences in NPP were relatively limited; that these three upwelling areas made similar contributions to their relative proportion of the total shelf area, and that average rates of NPP are spatially similar across the bank, though notable high rates occur in some coastal upwelling areas. Interannual variability in NPP was relatively modest, varying between years by only ∼15% over the two decades assessed. Over the 21-year data set, there was a slight (∼0.26% yr−1) statistically-significant decline in calculated NPP over time for the AB as a whole, which, when examined on a pixel-by-pixel basis, indicated that most of the decline was on the central bank between 100 m and 200 m isobaths. In summer, an increase in NPP occurred on the EAB (26.5–28°E). In conclusion, the AB is a significant site of perennial moderate levels of NPP, varying little interannually and with only a slight decline in NPP over time. These factors lead to a stable environment in terms of ecosystem productivity so that the AB makes a significant contribution to the productivity of South African regional fisheries
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Contribution of satellite altimetry in the study of the surface circulation variability of the Sicilian Channel and over the Tunisian continental shelf
No full textCe travail de thèse présente une étude sur la circulation océanique de surface s'écoulantle long des talus continentaux (aux abords de l’isobathe 200 m) de la mer Méditerranée centrale. L'objectif étaitde mieux renseigner le schéma de circulation de surface dans la région et les régimes de variabilité associés ens’appuyant essentiellement sur les observations altimétriques conventionnelles (AVISO/X-TRACK) le longdes traces satellite, disponibles sur la période 1993-2015. Cette étude est également basée sur une utilisationcombinée des données spatiales de SST, de mesures in-situ hydrographiques et de courantométrieconjointement avec l'altimétrie. L'analyse a d'abord permis de caractériser la variabilité saisonnière et deproposer un nouveau schéma de circulation de surface, y compris pour les saisons intermédiaires, incluant unenouvelle branche de courant Atlantique sur le plateau continental Tunisien. Le second point fort de ce travailréside aussi dans la caractérisation du transport de surface et des modes de variations inter-annuelles de l'eauAtlantique à partir de l'altimétrie côtière sur le long terme. L‘observabilité de la méso-échelle océanique de lazone d‘étude est enfin abordée à partir des mesures altimétriques haute résolution (AltiKa). Cela a permis dedétecter des structures physiques à plus fine échelle et d'affiner le détection des variations des courants les pluscôtiers. Au delà des aspects scientifiques, cette thèse a également permis des avancées méthodologiquesimportantes concernant l’utilisation combinée de différents jeux de données spatiaux et in-situ, aisémentapplicables pour les pays du Sud.This work presents a study on surface ocean circulation flowing along the continentalslopes (near the 200 m isobath) of the central Mediterranean Sea. The aim was to better inform the surfacecirculation patterns in the region and the associated variability regimes based mainly on along-trackconventional altimetry (AVISO / X-TRACK) available over the period 1993-2015. This study is also based onthe combined use of spatial SST data, in-situ hydrographic and current measurements in conjunction withaltimetry. The analysis has first allowed to characterize the seasonal variability and to propose a new surfacecirculation pattern, including the intermediate seasons, and a new branch of Atlantic current on the Tunisiancontinental shelf. The second highlight of this work is the characterization of surface transport and inter-annualvariations of Atlantic water from coastal altimetry over the long term. The observability of the oceanic mesoscaleof the study area is finally addressed from high resolution altimetry measurements (AltiKa). This hasallowed to detect physical structures on a smaller scale and to refine the detection of variations in the mostcoastal currents. Beyond the scientific aspects, this thesis has also allowed important methodological advancesregarding the combined use of different spatial and in-situ data sets, easily applicable for the countries of theSouth
Apport de l’altimétrie satellitale pour l’étude de la variabilité de la circulation de surface dans le canal de Sicile et sur le plateau continental Tunisien
No full textThis work presents a study on surface ocean circulation flowing along the continentalslopes (near the 200 m isobath) of the central Mediterranean Sea. The aim was to better inform the surfacecirculation patterns in the region and the associated variability regimes based mainly on along-trackconventional altimetry (AVISO / X-TRACK) available over the period 1993-2015. This study is also based onthe combined use of spatial SST data, in-situ hydrographic and current measurements in conjunction withaltimetry. The analysis has first allowed to characterize the seasonal variability and to propose a new surfacecirculation pattern, including the intermediate seasons, and a new branch of Atlantic current on the Tunisiancontinental shelf. The second highlight of this work is the characterization of surface transport and inter-annualvariations of Atlantic water from coastal altimetry over the long term. The observability of the oceanic mesoscaleof the study area is finally addressed from high resolution altimetry measurements (AltiKa). This hasallowed to detect physical structures on a smaller scale and to refine the detection of variations in the mostcoastal currents. Beyond the scientific aspects, this thesis has also allowed important methodological advancesregarding the combined use of different spatial and in-situ data sets, easily applicable for the countries of theSouth.Ce travail de thèse présente une étude sur la circulation océanique de surface s'écoulantle long des talus continentaux (aux abords de l’isobathe 200 m) de la mer Méditerranée centrale. L'objectif étaitde mieux renseigner le schéma de circulation de surface dans la région et les régimes de variabilité associés ens’appuyant essentiellement sur les observations altimétriques conventionnelles (AVISO/X-TRACK) le longdes traces satellite, disponibles sur la période 1993-2015. Cette étude est également basée sur une utilisationcombinée des données spatiales de SST, de mesures in-situ hydrographiques et de courantométrieconjointement avec l'altimétrie. L'analyse a d'abord permis de caractériser la variabilité saisonnière et deproposer un nouveau schéma de circulation de surface, y compris pour les saisons intermédiaires, incluant unenouvelle branche de courant Atlantique sur le plateau continental Tunisien. Le second point fort de ce travailréside aussi dans la caractérisation du transport de surface et des modes de variations inter-annuelles de l'eauAtlantique à partir de l'altimétrie côtière sur le long terme. L‘observabilité de la méso-échelle océanique de lazone d‘étude est enfin abordée à partir des mesures altimétriques haute résolution (AltiKa). Cela a permis dedétecter des structures physiques à plus fine échelle et d'affiner le détection des variations des courants les pluscôtiers. Au delà des aspects scientifiques, cette thèse a également permis des avancées méthodologiquesimportantes concernant l’utilisation combinée de différents jeux de données spatiaux et in-situ, aisémentapplicables pour les pays du Sud
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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