481 research outputs found
Book review: India and the Islamic heartlands: an Eighteenth-Century world of circulation and exchange by Gagan D.S. Sood
Get PDFDrawing on the chance discovery of a number of letters exchanged during the period, in India and the Islamic Heartlands: An Eighteenth-Century World of Circulation and Exchange author Gagan D.S. Sood attempts to capture the lives of ordinary people to reconstruct the connective tissues of a world lived beyond the purview of the sovereign. While the nature of the source material occasionally limits the book’s scope of analysis, this work successfully weaves together an insightful narrative to draw attention to a neglected arena and period, finds Mithilesh Kumar Jha
Rice production and water requirement under climate change conditions - developing management strategies for a sustainable system for an agriculturally predominant region
Get PDFEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112320
Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:48:32Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 112320 on 2021-08-24T09:15:28Z.Increasing crop production is an inevitable demand of current growing population all over the world. Implementation of field crop practices potentially enables farmers to achieve that desired increase in crop production estimated to be a 60% increase compared to current condition. The CERES-Rice model in DSSAT was used for this study in order to provide the water stress impact on crop production, and best management strategies to improve the rice yield, followed by the calibration and validation with collected field experimental data. Ten-years (2006-2015) of field experimental data were collected from the CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre)-BISA (Borlaug Institute for South Asia), Pusa, Bihar, India, research farm for calibration and validation of the CERES-Rice model. Predicted change in climate has significant impact on rice production in Bihar, and thus, will affect food security issues in India and other developing countries. Since rice is the primary food for the majority of Indian people, the focus of this study was to predict the changes in the (a) rice yield and phenological growth, and (b) irrigation water requirement for current yield level as well as 60% increase in rice yield by 2050s (2050-2059) as affected by climate change in the state of Bihar.
The genetic coefficients were developed for the rice variety, Rajendra Mahsuri (predominantly used by more than 90% rice farmers in Bihar), and used for validation of the model. The normalized root means square error (RMSEn) and d-index values were obtained to be 2.73% and 0.62, respectively, for prediction of yield with a model performance efficiency of 75%. The crop model simulation for water stress during vegetative and maturity phase showed to decrease in rice yield by 24% and 33%, respectively, from measured data. However, the water stress during reproductive stage showed the highest reduction in the yield by 43%. Considering the management strategies, where farmers do not need to invest a large amount of resources to increase the rice production, some factors were assessed by sensitivity analysis of the CERES-Rice model. The optimum transplanting date was found to be during the month of June to achieve the highest yield of Rajendra Mahsuri rice. Incorporation of crop residue up to 2500 kg/ha would increase the yield by 22%, compared to the management practices where no residue is applied in the field. Additionally, row spacing of 20 cm increased rice yield by 16-18%, compared to the yield obtained at spacing of 5 cm, and for maximum yield, optimum planting depth was found to be 2 to 4 cm. Keeping a ponding depth of 4-6 cm during crop duration would aid in maximizing the rice yield by 10-15%.
To study the climate change impact on rice yield and water requirement, four GCMs were used for all four climate change scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5). The projected changes in climatic variables showed the change in future climate during 2020-2059 from baseline period (1980-2004). A Taylor diagram was constructed to analyze the relationship between the historical observed and simulated climate data; Mann-Kendall trend test for climate data of each GCM revealed the trend in climate from 2020-2059 for the climate change scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5). Further, in order to increase the rice production by 60% during the 2050s, the irrigation requirement for all four climate change scenarios was computed based on the percentage of yield productivity from irrigation water. The results showed that the precipitation amount increased from 2020 to 2059, and hence, the irrigation requirement was predicted not to be as much higher as one would expect for a 60% increase in crop yield. Yield increase by the year of 2059 also partly accounted by an increase in CO2 concentration as predicted by all climate change scenarios. We investigated several strategies, such as conservation agriculture (direct-seeded rice with residue application) and reduction of post-harvest loss, to reduce the water requirement to produce 60% more rice by 2059. Moreover, if we combine both conservation agriculture and removal of 30% of postharvest losses, the irrigation requirement would be reduced by 26% (45 to 19%), 20% (44 to 24%), 21% (43 to 22%), 22% (39 to 17%), and 20% (41 to 21%) with current, RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5 conditions, respectively.
The assessment on rice production with default value of CO2 concentration (400 ppm) during 2020-2059 demonstrated a decrease in rice yield and phenological days, but increase in water demand. The increase in water demand was found due to reduction in CO2 concentration, which increases the water use efficiency. Larger the differences between default and changed CO2 concentration (as predicted by the climate change scenarios), larger were the deviations between all the outputs. During 2050s, the maximum reduction in yield was 23% with RCP 8.5 and the lowest reduction of 15% was observed with RCP 2.6. Similarly, water demand increased due to decrease in CO2 concentration. The maximum decrease in phenological days was estimated to be 14 days with worst-case scenario (RCP 8.5).
Since most farmers in the state of Bihar only produce Rajendra Mahsuri rice variety, this information can help in planning for maximizing production of this rice variety and decreasing water requirement strategies in the state of Bihar, India and similar other locations, where water availability would be severely impacted by climate change.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-05-01The student, Ranjeet Kumar Jha, accepted the attached license on 2019-04-15 at 15:42.The student, Ranjeet Kumar Jha, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-04-15 at 15:43.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-04-17 at 11:50.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13638 on 2019-08-22 at 16:21:29Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-23T20:47:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2019-04-17Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112320
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Research Resource Allocation in Indian Agriculture
Get PDFResearch resources in agriculture are becoming inadequate in meeting the complex challenges, at both macro-and micro-levels. The situation was different in the past when the research resources were growing at the national level, and the states followed the suit. Therefore, there was not much concern to systematically compile and document these resources at different levels across commodities and regions. The routine financial reporting used to be done for public expenditure. In the past, allocation of research resources has been done based on the subjective judgment, which largely relied on the knowledge of research managers. This proved well in the past to meet the challenges, including food security. The scenario has completely changed now. New problems have emerged at the regional, national and global levels, these are more complex than used to be in the past. These need to be documented and supplemented adequately by additional information and detailed analysis. This could not be done due to lack of quantitative information on deployment of research resources in the national agricultural research system. This Policy Paper contains very useful and rare information on different dimensions related to allocation of research resources in Indian agriculture. For the first time, a census of agricultural scientists has been done to assess the allocation of research resources across different agricultural disciplines, commodities and regions. The paper also contains deployment of human resources by activities and commodities, which is expected to be useful in their optimal allocation for improving research efficiency. The Policy Paper is the part of the National Professor scheme, which was led by Professor Dayanatha Jha, and co-piloted by Dr Sant Kumar. Unfortunately, before publication of this remarkable contribution, the first author left for heavenly abode, after a brief illness. Till his last breath, Prof Jha used to discuss the outcomes of the research and its implications on future directions for allocation of research resources. I pay my heartfelt homage to him. I congratulate Dr Sant Kumar for his active participation in the study and bringing out this Policy paper
Lipase inactivation in Wheat Germ by Gamma Irradiation
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Enzyme Inactivation by Gamma Irradiation
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Book Review: \u27Transit Talks: Living through Difficult Times\u27
No full textName of Book: Transit Talks: Living through Difficult Times
Author: Manoj Kumar Jha
Published: 2013
Published By: AlterNotes Press, New Delhi, India
Paper or Hardcover: ISBN: Paperback. ISBN: 978-8190892353
Number of Pages: xix + 316
 
The state of the art of strategic leadership
Get PDFStrategic leadership is a rich yet fragmented area of research. To address this gap, this article aims to consolidate
and provide a state-of-the-art overview of strategic leadership research. To achieve its aim, this article conducts a
bibliometric-temporal analysis of strategic leadership using bibliometric data of relevant literature available
through Scopus, the largest scientific database for review endeavors. Using 6024 documents of strategic leadership
research identified and retrieved from Scopus, this article reveals the performance (e.g., year, article,
journal, author, country) and science (e.g., topics, themes) of strategic leadership research across four decades.
Noteworthily, strategic leadership is inherently grounded in digital transformation, innovation, and the upper
echelons, with a growing footprint that spans across basic management and organizational activities; competitive
advantage capabilities and strategies; the multiple roles of managers; the leadership, innovative, and strategic
functions of management and upper echelons, including those specific to top management teams; the strategic
leader; strategic choices; strategic teams; as well as strategic succession. More importantly, the review herein this
article, to the best knowledge of the authors, represents the largest consolidation effort and review of strategic
leadership research using scientific methods adopted from information science in the form of a bibliometrictemporal
analysis, and thus, providing a state of the art of strategic leadership
Not informed by the author
No full textNa atualidade, uma das causas importantes de lesão encefálica em neonatos é a anóxia neonatal. Este é um problema grave nos serviços de perinatologia dos hospitais em todo o mundo sendo ainda pior em países subdesenvolvidos, devido à carência de precauções e cuidados requeridos. Modelos animais de anóxia vêm sendo empregados para avaliar seus efeitos, tanto em nível neurológico, como em nível comportamental. A anóxia neonatal tem sido estudada pelo laboratório de Neurociências do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo, com modelos de estudo já desenvolvidos, adaptados e validados. Para investigar se a anóxia neonatal afeta o desenvolvimento motor somático e sensorial, ratos foram submetidos a um modelo não invasivo de anóxia global (Takada et. al., 2011). Ratos Wistar com 30 h de idade (6-8 gramas), machos e fêmeas, foram expostos por 25 minutos a gás nitrogênio 100% num fluxo de 3L/min, pressão 101.7 kPa e temperatura de 37ºC em câmara semi-hermética de policarbonato. O grupo controle foi submetido às mesmas condições porem com o ar ambiente normal. Os animais foram avaliados durante o período de aleitamento (P2 a P21) quanto a parâmetros do desenvolvimento somático; desenvolvimento ontogenético e quanto a reflexos sensório motores. Os resultados indicaram que o grupo Anoxia macho(AM) apresentou aumento no peso corporal {AM(42.25±3.62);CM(38.76±5.60);AF(40.64±5.08);CF(41.33±5.45)}e diminuição do eixo longitudinal do corpo {AM(10.15±0.27);CM(10.39±0.50);AF(9.82±0.44);CF(10.82±0.46)} em relação ao grupo Controle macho(CM) e Anoxia fêmea(AF), AF foi menor em relacao ao Controle fêmea (CF). AM apresentou maior eixo látero-lateral do crânio em relação CM e AF {AM (3.18 ±0.10); CM (3.17 ±0.13); AF(3.06 ±0.16); CF(3.00 ±0.15)} No desenvolvimento ontogenético houve retardo na abertura do canal auditivo {AM (13.79± 0.58); CM (13.75±0.83); AF(14.21±1.01); CF(13.36±0.50)} e abertura dos olhos {AM (14.00± 0.88); CM (14.64±1.28); AF(15.14±0.86); CF(13.79±0.42)} no grupo AF em relação a CF e AM, mas no grupo AM não houve diferença significante. Na erupção dos incisivos superiores {AM (10.79± 0.43); CM(11.71±1.68); AF(11.43±0.65); CF(10.07±0.27)} o grupo AM adiantou enquanto o AF atrasou em relação ao grupo controle. A avaliação dos reflexos sensóriais mostrou que a anoxia adiantou a colocação pelas vibrissas {AM (8.80± 1.21); CM (9.50±1.56); AF (9.93±1.14); CF(10.14±1.28) no AF e AM. Apenas o AM adiantou {AM (10.93± 2.09); CM(13.43±0.94); AF(10.50±0.85); CF(9.57±0.76)} no reflexo de aversão ao precipício. Nos relfexos de geotaxia negativa {AM (14.87± 1.30); CM (13.57±2.34); AF(14.57±1.40);CF (12.00±2.11)} e sobressalto ao susto {AM (14.00±0.53); CM (13.21±1.31); AF (13.29±0.61); CF (11.93±0.27)} e preensão palmar {AM (6.60±0.83); CM (4.71±0.47); AF(10.14±0.83); CF(4.71±0.47)} a anóxia provocou atraso tanto em macho quanto em fêmeas motores. Houve atraso na ontogênese da maioria dos testes de reflexos dos filhotes do grupo Anóxia. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que a anóxia causa danos persistentes na maioria dos parâmetros avaliados em relação aos grupos controle, e diminuição no número de neurônios do córtex sensóriomotor {M2: AM (46.84±1.72); CM (52±1.66); AF (45.55±1.80); CF (52±1.55)M1: AM (23.70±1.33); CM (41.89±1.49); AF (25.69±0.83); CF (43.88±1.46) S1HL: AM (27.93±2.69); CM (30.19±1.31); AF(23.42±2.38); CF (38.88±1.48) S1FL: AM (31.85±1.09); CM (33.88±0.48); AF(27.66±1.36); CF(32.28±1.70)}, com diferença de gênero o que evidencia a importância de que estratégias e procedimentos para minimizar os efeitos desse estímulos sejam consideradas em relação ao gêneroAt present, one of the important causes of brain injury is the neonatal anoxia. This is a serious problem in the perinatology services of hospitals around the world being even worse in underdeveloped countries because of the lack of precautions and care required. Animal models of anoxia have been employed to assess their effects, both at the neurological level and at the behavioral level. Neonatal anoxia has been studied by the Neuroscience Laboratory of the Biomedical Sciences Institute of the University of São Paulo, with animal models already developed, adapted and validated. To investigate whether neonatal anoxia affects somatic and sensory motor development, rats were subjected to a non-invasive model of global anoxia (Takada et al., 2011). Male and female 30-h old (6-8 grams) Wistar rats were exposed for 25 minutes to 100% nitrogen gas in a flow of 3 L/min, pressure 101.7 kPa and temperature of 37ºC in a semi-hermetic chamber of polycarbonate. The control group was subjected to the same conditions but with normal ambient air. The animals were evaluated during the lactation period (P2 to P21) for parameters of somatic development; Ontogenetic development and for sensorimotor reflexes. The results indicated that the male Anoxia (AM) group presented increase in body weight (AM (42.25 ± 3.62), CM (38.76 ± 5.60), FA (40.64 ± 5.08), CF (41.33 ± 5.45)) and decrease in the longitudinal (10.82 ± 0.46), in relation to the male control group (CM) and the female Anoxia (AF), AF was lower in relation to the control group (AM) (10.15 ± 0.27), CM (10.39 ± 0.50), AF (9.82 ± 0.44) Female control (CF). AM increase in the cranio-lateral axis in relation to CM and AF (AM (3.18 ± 0.10); CM (3.17 ± 0.13); AF (3.06 ± 0.16); CF (3.00 ± 0.15). Concerning the ontogenetic development there was delay in opening the (13.79 ± 0.58), and the eyes {AM (14.00 ± 0.88); CM (14.64 ± 1.28), AF (15.14 ± 0.86), CF (13.79 ± 0.42)} in the AF group in relation to CF and AM, but in the AM group there was no significant difference. In the eruption of maxillary incisors (AM (10.79 ± 0.43), CM (11.71 ± 1.68), AF (11.43 ± 0.65), CF (10.07 ± 0.27), the AM group advanced while the AF delayed in control ration. The evaluation of the sensory reflexes showed that anoxia improved the placement of vibrissae (AM (8.80 ± 1.21), CM (9.50 ± 1.56), AF (9.93 ± 1.14), CF (10.14 ± 1.28) in AF and AM. Only AM advanced (AM (10.93 ± 2.09), CM (13.43 ± 0.94), AF (10.50 ± 0.85), CF (9.57 ± 0.76) in the reflex of aversion to the precipice. In negative geotaxia relays (AM (14.87 ± 1.30); CM (13.57 ± 2.34), AF (14.57 ± 1.40), CF (12.00 ± 2.11)} and startle reflex {AM (14.00 ± 0.53); CM (13.21 ± 1.31); AF (13.29 ± 0.61); CF (11.93 ± 0.27) and palmar grip (AM (6.60 ± 0.83); CM (4.71 ± 0.47), AF (10.14 ± 0.83), CF (4.71 ± 0.47)), anoxia caused delay in both male and female groups. There was a delay in the ontogenesis of most of the reflex tests of the puppies of the anoxia group. The results of this study demonstrated that anoxia causes persistent damage in most of the parameters evaluated in relation to the control groups, and a decrease in the number of sensory motor cortex neurons (M2: AM (46.84 ± 1.72), CM (52 ± 1.66), AF 1.80), CF (52 ± 1.55) M1: AM (23.70 ± 1.33), CM (41.89 ± 1.49), AF (25.69 ± 0.83), CF (43.88 ± 1.46) S1HL: AM (27.93 ± 2.69), CM (30.19 (31.88 ± 1.48), FA (27.66 ± 1.36), CF (32.28 ± 1.70), , which shows that strategies and procedures to minimize the effects of such stimuli should be considered in relation to gende
Mechanistic role of HPV-associated early proteins in cervical cancer: Molecular pathways and targeted therapeutic strategies
No full textFunding Information: Dr. Niraj Kumar Jha is thankful to Sharda University for the infrastructure and facility. The author would like to thank Deanship of Scientific Research at Majmaah University for supporting this work under project number No. R-2022-68 . Kavindra Kumar Kesari and Janne Ruokolainen thanking Aalto University for providing open access support. The authors would like to acknowledge the support from their respective institutes throughout the review writing process.Purpose: Cervical cancer (CC), one of the major causes of death of women throughout the world is primarily caused due to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) 16 and 18. The early region (E) oncoproteins of HPV are associated with the etiopathogenesis and contribute to the progression of cancer. The present article comprehensively discussed the structural organization and biological functions of all E proteins of HPV and their contribution to progression of CC with an intent to decipher the pathological hallmarks and their relationship. Additionally, the role of E proteins in reference to therapeutics will also be presented. Methods: A systematic search has been carried out for articles published in PubMed database by using combinations of different keywords with Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) including cervical cancer, HPV, E proteins, and signaling. Results: From the analysis of literature review, its apparent that E proteins are the major contributor to disease progression. E1, E2, and E4 forms are mainly associated with viral integration, replication, and transcription whereas E6 and E7 act as an oncoprotein and are associated with the progression of cancer. E5 regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and facilitates the activity of E6 and E7. Additionally, E proteins were observed associated with numerous cell signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT, Wnt, Notch and reasonably contribute to the initiation of malignancy, cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Knowing the role and interplay of each protein in initiation to progression of CC, their therapeutic significance has been elucidated. The present study observations demonstrate that E6 and E7 are the major cause of HPV-mediated CC progression. E1, E2, and E5 also act as a backbone for E6 and E7 and most of the current approaches have targeted E6 and E7 mediated action only. Conclusion: The present review illustrates the structural organization as well as function and regulation of all early proteins of HPV and their association with several cellular signaling pathways. The observations provide clue on the regulatory aspect of these proteins in initiation to progression and reasonably represent that targeting these proteins could be a novel therapeutic strategy for CC. In particular, its seemingly appears that inhibition of the activity of E6 and E7 oncoproteins may be a better selective target to delay the progression of CC. The review reaffirms the role of E proteins and encourages future studies on developing diagnostics, and most importantly therapeutics strategies targeting E6 and E7 oncoproteins to tackle CC related morbidity and mortality.Peer reviewe
An Integrated Framework of Leadership for Healthcare Organizations to Navigate Through COVID-19 Crisis
No full textCOVID-19 crisis has strained healthcare systems immensely creating a multi-front challenge to overcome. Healthcare leaders face stressful situations like long arduous hours of work, isolation from their loved ones, immense mental health issues along with fighting false narratives and campaigns by social media. Hence, there is a dire need for leaders to embrace this uncertainty and evolve by adopting a strategic shift in their mindset.
To propose an effective functional leadership model of practice during crisis, author has undertaken a qualitative approach to understand the various literature published on crisis management, reviewed the literature on healthcare leadership, contextualized the papers about unique challenges posed by a crisis like COVID-19, and utilize the learnings to design an integrated framework for healthcare organizations to be applied during a crisis.
Author presents a systems-based view of leadership challenges in healthcare organizations during a crisis and proposes a unique framework of 3A- Acknowledge, Activate, and Agility which could serve a comprehensive tool of strategic leadership for healthcare leaders to adopt during a crisis. When healthcare organizations adopt the principles embedded within 3A model elements, it would help them realize better patient outcomes, develop compassionate organizational culture, and enhance professional satisfaction within their teams
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