200,033 research outputs found
Analisis perbandingan masalah transportasi menggunakan pendekatan metode Total Opportunity Cost Matrix Abdul Quddooss, Shakeel Javaid, dan M. M. Khalid (TOCM-ASM) dan Total Opportunity Cost Matrix Modified Extremum Difference Method (TOCM-MEDM)
No full textSalah satu model riset operasi yang sudah dikembangkan dalam bidang industri adalah masalah transportasi. Masalah transportasi adalah suatu metode yang digunakan untuk mengatur distribusi dari sumber-sumber yang menyediakan produk yang sama ke tempat-tempat tujuan secara optimal. Dalam penelitian skripsi ini membahas tentang analisis perbandingan masalah transportasi menggunakan pendekatan Metode Total Opportunity Cost Matrix Abdul Quddoos, Shakeel Javaid, dan M. M. Khalid (TOCM-ASM) dan Total Opportunity Cost Matrix Modified Extremum Difference Method (TOCM-MEDM) untuk kasus minimasi seimbang (balanced) dan tidak seimbang (unbalanced). Secara garis besar, untuk penyelesaian dengan Metode Total Opportunity Cost Matrix Abdul Quddoos, Shakeel Javaid, dan M. M. Khalid (TOCM-ASM) yaitu dimulai dengan menentukan Row Opportunity Cost Matrix (ROCM), Column Opportunity Cost Matrix (COCM) dan Total Opportunity Cost Matrix (TOCM). Setelah itu, menerapkan metode Abdul Quddoos, Shakeel Javaid dan M. M. Khalid (ASM) dan menghitung total biaya transportasi untuk alokasi yang layak. Kemudian, untuk metode Total Opportunity Cost Matrix Modified Extremum Difference Method (TOCM-MEDM) yaitu dimulai dengan menghitung hasil pengurangan baris dan kolom kemudian dibuat menjadi matriks TOCM. Setelah itu, menentukan biaya penalty tertinggi dari baris dan kolom. Kemudian cari sel biaya terkecil sepanjang baris atau kolom untuk dialokasikan ke persediaan dan permintaan sampai semua terpenuhi. Setelah dilakukan analisis dari data sekunder, didapatkan hasil untuk data seimbang menggunakan metode TOCM-ASM yaitu 1.975. Kemudian untuk data tidak seimbang menggunakan metode TOCM-ASM yaitu 13.500
Understanding osteoporosis
No full textOsteoporosis is a common skeletal condition that results in significant morbidity, mortality and health care costs. There is an increased awareness of bone health in people with severe mental illness (SMI). These people appear to be at a higher risk of low bone density and fracture, and also have a poorer outcome following hip fracture. The reason for the increased risk of osteoporosis is multifactorial and includes general as well as disease-specific factors, such as antipsychotic medication and hyperprolactinaemia. Clinical history and examination followed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry are required to assess the risk of osteoporosis. Therapies should begin with lifestyle measures, such as physical activity and dietary supplementation, with the use of bone-specific agents reserved for those at high absolute risk.<br/
MAVIDOS maternal vitamin D osteoporosis study: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. The MAVIDOS Study Group
No full textABSTRACT: MAVIDOS is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (ISRCTN82927713, registered 2008 Apr 11), funded by Arthritis Research UK, MRC, Bupa Foundation and NIHR.BACKGROUND:Osteoporosis is a major public health problem as a result of associated fragility fractures. Skeletal strength increases from birth to a peak in early adulthood. This peak predicts osteoporosis risk in later life. Vitamin D insufficiency in pregnancy is common (31% in a recent Southampton cohort) and predicts reduced bone mass in the offspring. In this study we aim to test whether offspring of mothers supplemented with vitamin D in pregnancy have higher bone mass at birth than those whose mothers were not supplemented.METHODS/DESIGN:Women have their vitamin D status assessed after ultrasound scanning in the twelfth week of pregnancy at 3 trial centres (Southampton, Sheffield, Oxford). Women with circulating 25(OH)-vitamin D levels 25-100 nmol/l are randomised in a double-blind design to either oral vitamin D supplement (1000 IU cholecalciferol/day, n = 477) or placebo at 14 weeks (n = 477). Questionnaire data include parity, sunlight exposure, dietary information, and cigarette and alcohol consumption. At 19 and 34 weeks maternal anthropometry is assessed and blood samples taken to measure 25(OH)-vitamin D, PTH and biochemistry. At delivery venous umbilical cord blood is collected, together with umbilical cord and placental tissue. The babies undergo DXA assessment of bone mass within the first 14 days after birth, with the primary outcome being whole body bone mineral content adjusted for gestational age and age. Children are then followed up with yearly assessment of health, diet, physical activity and anthropometric measures, with repeat assessment of bone mass by DXA at age 4 years.DISCUSSION:As far as we are aware, this randomised trial is one of the first ever tests of the early life origins hypothesis in human participants and has the potential to inform public health policy regarding vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy. It will also provide a valuable resource in which to study the influence o
The association between radiographic knee osteoarthritis and pain: an epidemiological analysis of a twenty-year community-based cohort
No full textBackground: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading musculoskeletal burdens in the world, causing both structural damage and pain to the joint. Radiographs are the most common imaging method for diagnosing OA, however the relationship between radiographic changes (ROA) and symptoms is not well understood. This thesis will establish the natural history of twenty-year ROA, compare diagnostic methods of ROA assessment, evaluate the cross-sectional relationship between ROA and pain, and will determine the long-term predictive validity of features of ROA with future knee replacements (TKRs). Methods: Data from the Chingford women's study, a twenty-year prospective UK-based cohort was used for the analysis. Risk factors included atlas-based ROA scoring methods and quantitative joint space width (JSW), which were analysed against pain and TKR outcome measures. A novel method for assessing joint space on low-contrast x-rays was developed which had high reproducibility and validity. Results: The twenty-year natural history of ROA showed relatively low levels of annual incidence (3.8%), progression (3.6%), and worsening (4.5%), and emphasised the involvement of both medial and lateral osteophytes. Severe joint space narrowing (JSN) had the best construct validity with pain, while any size of lateral tibial osteophyte had good construct validity. Medial quantitative JSW had good construct validity, but no predictive validity with future TKRs. Lateral JSN and osteophytes had the best predictive validity for future TKR. Conclusion: This research demonstrates that radiographic scoring methods have strong construct and predictive validity with symptomatic knee OA. These results support the use of x-rays to identify early disease changes which indicate future joint failure
Board gender diversity and sustainable growth rate: Chinese evidence
No full textThis study investigates the impact of women directors on a firm’s sustainable growth rate. Using data from 2003 to 2017 for Chinese listed firms, we found a positive relationship between women directors and a sustainable growth rate. Our study also contributes to institutional theory by providing evidence that this positive relationship is more effective in legal-person-controlled firms than state-controlled firms. In comparison, women independent directors have a stronger influence than women executive directors on sustainable growth. Similarly, board gender diversity with three or more female directors substantially affects firms’ sustainable growth, consistent with critical mass theory. Our study’s findings are robust in terms of alternative estimations techniques, variable specifications, and different identification strategies, such as two-stage least squares and propensity score matching. Our study provides novel evidence on women directors’ role in increasing firms’ sustainable growth rate by adding a new dimension to the ongoing debate in the gender diversity literature
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
Fractures in users of antidepressants and anxiolytics and sedatives: effects of age and dose
No full textSUMMARY: Antidepressants have been associated with fractures. In a case-control study, increasing age was associated with more fractures in users of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants, whereas for anxiolytics and sedatives, more fractures were seen among the younger users. Depression per se did not seem associated with fractures.INTRODUCTION: This study aims to study the effects of age and dose of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) and anxiolytics/sedatives on fracture risk.METHODS: The study was designed as a case-control study. From the Danish National Health Service, we identified 124,655 fracture cases and 373,962 age- and gender-matched controls. Crude odds ratios were estimated, and propensity score adjustment was used to minimise confounding by indication.RESULTS: A higher risk of fractures was associated with an increasing dose of anxiolytics and sedatives; the highest excess risk was present in the age stratum below 40 years of age (p?<?0.01), and thereafter, the excess risk of fractures declined with age. For SSRI, a growing excess risk of fractures was seen with both increasing dose and age. Regarding TCA, no particular trend with age was present. However, an increasing risk of fractures was associated with increasing TCA dose in the age group above 60 years. Finally, for other antidepressants, no particular trend with age or dose was observed. In our data, a hospital diagnosis of depression or manic depression was associated with fewer fractures.CONCLUSION: Caution should be shown upon prescription of SSRI to older subjects. A hospital diagnosis of depression or manic depression and thus potentially a more severe disease was not a risk factor for fractures.<br/
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Isolation and identification of natural herbicidal compound from a plant pathogenic fungus, drechslera biseptata
No full textWeeds incur heavy losses in crop production. Use of agrochemicals is wide spread in weed management all over the world but all of these agrochemicals are associated with numerous undesired side effects. In recent years, there is emerging trend of exploring natural herbicides from plants and microbes. In this study, phytotoxic metabolites produced by phytopathogenic fungus Drechslera biseptata (Sacc. & Roum.) Richardson & Fraser were investigated for their herbicidal activity against Rumex dentatus L., a cosmopolitan noxious weed that causes enormous yield losses in different wheat varieties. For this aim, extracts (Ethanolic extract and partitioned ethanolic extracts), chromatographic fractions and main secondary metabolite, obtained from culture of D. biseptata were tested on R. dentatus. A phytotoxic pure compound was identified as di-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), by spectroscopic techniques [Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry (NMR)]. In leaf disk assay, DEHP at 0.5 μg μL-1 produced necrosis on weed but not on wheat leaves. On the other hand, synthetic herbicidal compound, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, used as positive control, produced necrotic spots at leaf discs of R. dentatus at concentration of 0.25 μg μL-1. The present investigation suggests the use of DEHP as natural herbicidal compound
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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