3,226 research outputs found
Determination of prey capture rates in the stony coral Galaxea fascicularis: a critical reconsideration of the clearance rate concept
No full textIn order to determine optimal feeding regimes for captive corals, prey capture by the scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis was determined by measuring clearance of prey items from the surrounding water. Colonies of G. fascicularis (sized between 200 and 400 polyps) were incubated in 1300 ml incubation chambers. Nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia sp. were used as the prey item. A series of incubation experiments was conducted to determine the maximal capture per feeding event and per day. To determine maximal capture per feeding event, total uptake of nauplii after one hour was determined for different prey item availabilities ranging from 50 to 4000 nauplii per polyp. To determine maximal capture per day, the corals were subjected to four repetitive feeding events at three different prey item densities (50, 100 and 150 nauplii per polyp). Alongside these quantitative experiments, it was tested to what extent the feeding response of corals is triggered by chemical cues. One hour after food addition, extract of Artemia nauplii was added to the incubation chambers to test its effect on subsequent prey capture rates. In all experiments, prey capture was expressed as the number of nauplii consumed per coral polyp. Total capture of Artemia nauplii by G. fascicularis after a single feeding event increased linearly up till a prey item availability of 2000 nauplii per polyp. Maximal capture per feeding event was estimated at 1200 nauplii per polyp, which is higher than rates reported in previous studies. It became apparent that at high densities of Artemia nauplii, the clearance rate method does not discriminate between active capture and passive sedimentation. Repetitive feeding with 50 nauplii per polyp resulted in a constant total prey capture per feeding event. At a supply of 100 nauplii per polyp, total capture decreased after the first feeding event, and remained constant during the subsequent feeding events at a level comparable to the lower food availability. However, at a supply of 150 nauplii per polyp, total capture per event was higher throughout the entire four-hour incubation period, which obfuscates an accurate estimation of the maximal daily food uptake. In all incubations, a decrease in capture efficiency was observed within the course of the feeding event. In all repetitive feeding experiments, capture efficiency increased immediately upon addition of a new batch of food. This increase in efficiency was not caused by a priming effect of extract of Artemia. The inconsistencies in the data show that estimates of prey capture based on clearance rates should be interpreted with caution, because this method does not take into account potential dynamics of prey capture and release
R.J. Sommers
No full textThe single-spaced paragraph on the “About the Author” page of R.J. Sommers’ latest novel says she lives in a one-story house on the edge of a city. It says she is renowned for writing relatable characters and compelling relationships. It says nothing about her own friends.
Gazing from a photo at the top of the page, R.J. Sommers appears to point a camera toward her readers..
Author Co-Citation Analysis (ACA): a powerful tool for representing implicit knowledge of scholar knowledge workers
No full textIn the last decade, knowledge has emerged as one of the most important and valuable organizational assets. Gradually this importance caused to emergence of new discipline entitled ―knowledge management‖. However one of the major challenges of knowledge management is conversion implicit or tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge. Thus Making knowledge visible so that it can be better accessed, discussed, valued or generally managed is a long-standing objective in knowledge management. Accordingly in this paper author co- citation analysis (ACA) will be proposed as an efficient technique of knowledge visualization in academia (Scholar knowledge workers)
Report on industrial attachment with R.J. Crocker Consultants Pte Ltd
No full textThis report documents the undertaking of the author’s six months of industrial attachment. It was the industrial attachment that gave him the opportunity to discover the innovative skills and expertise from his fellow colleagues working the organization. Throughout the attachment, the author had learnt a great deal from various trained and experienced engineers. He had been exposed to a variety of training namely (1) reinforcement concrete design, (2) steel and connection design, (3) modelling structures for design and analysis using software, (4) visual inspections for buildings, (5) preparing tender documents, (6) drawing, presentation and attending and (7) handling online submissions for building inspections, structural plans, design calculations, etc. Furthermore, by attending project meetings, preparing materials for presentations, tendering documents and drawings to privatized companies and public sectors all bestowed the author a concrete understanding of the type and quality of work required of and produced by a qualified engineer. Without the industrial attachment, all these practical skills and knowledge might not have been attainable by learning in the university alone. It was overall a fruitful experience
Do some elderly adults interpret scalar terms like younger adults?
No full textThis thesis studies the processing of the scalar term some by healthy old and healthy young adults. The scalar term some has two interpretations: a logical interpretation (some, and possibly all) and a pragmatic interpretation (some, but not all). Many studies have shown that the pragmatic interpretation of the scalar term some is cognitively effortful. The goal of the current study is to replicate these findings and additionally examine whether the healthy old adult group, which was characterized by a decreased working memory ability, would make fewer pragmatic interpretations than the young adult group.
Participants were presented with ‘underinformative’ sentences containing some that have differed truth values based on the pragmatic and logical interpretations (e.g., Some dogs are mammals). While performing this sentence verification task, participants were also asked to complete a dot task in which they had to recall patterns, which burdened their working memory. The working memory manipulation occurred in three conditions: the no-load condition (participants did not have to recall any patterns), the low-load condition (participants had to recall a simple pattern), and the high-load condition (participants had to recall a complex pattern).
The results showed that the old adult group made significantly more logical interpretations than did the young adult group. Moreover, neither age group showed a clear effect of working memory manipulation on the number of pragmatic or logical interpretations. The results of the working memory manipulation are puzzling in light of the existing theories about the processing of scalar terms. The absence of such an effect indicates that the difference in interpretations between the young adults and old adults cannot be explained by the difference in working memory abilities between these groups. This study proposes that a possible effect of age on general (dual) task performance might be an alternative explanation
Rules in dialogue
No full textIn this paper a model is presented that describes the cooperative be haviour of two participants in a dialogue. A dialogue is considered as a set of moves (or speech acts) in a game. Each move has a certain function and propositional content and changes the cognitive state of the participants. Two types of rules are considered: generative rules that determine the type of speech act that will be permutual formed in the next turn and update rules that determine the change in the cognitive state. Goal of the dialogue is to exchange information in a collaborative manner so that, if the information is available, in the final state both participants believe the answer to an initial question. The resulting structure of the information exchange may be complex, because knowledge to find the answer may be distributed among the participants
Elucidating the present and future of individuals with kidney disease: a multifaceted epidemiological approach
No full text Individuals with kidney disease constitute a highly heterogeneous poulation. Besides the European Renal Association (ERA) recognising 281 distinct etiologies of kidney damage, these individuals also differ in psychosocial aspects of their disease. As such, there is high potential for person-centred approaches to improve kidney care. Person-centred care is reliant on an individual’s medical history, but may be further strengthened by information about their current care and individual prognosis. This information may be collected using pharmaco- and predictive epidemiological methods. Thus, this thesis aimed to apply pharmaco- and predictive epidemiological methods to elucidate current treatment patterns and individual prognosis in individuals with kidney disease. Additionally, given the essentially of sound methodology, the third aim of this thesis was to provide methodological guidance. Leiden University Medical Center; Dutch Kidney Foundation; Leiden University Fund; Minerva Scholarship FundLUMC / Geneeskund
The Imperfect Unbound:A Cognitive Linguistic Approach to Greek Aspect
No full textIn Ancient Greek narrative, the imperfect typically presents the state of affairs as ongoing in order to serve as a temporal framework for the occurrence of one or more other states of affairs. However, in narrative we also find a considerable number of imperfects (especially with verbs of motion and verbs of speech) which refer to completed states of affairs. In this paper, it is argued that Cognitive Grammar notions such as construal, temporal scope of view, profile and base can be helpful in describing aspectual contrasts. The imperfects at issue express the narrator’s construal of the state of affairs as unbounded, thereby emphasizing that the state of affairs is of continuing relevance in the subsequent narrative
Information Circular 12. Selected Bibliography of Cuyuna Range Geology, Mining and Metallurgy
No full textThis work is an extension of a bibliography prepared by the author as part of a final report submitted to the U.S. Bureau of Mines for grant # G026/t002 entitled "Manganese-bearing ores of the Cuyuna iron range, east-central Minnesota, Phase 1". This bibliography, though directed primarily towards the geologic and mining literature of the Cuyuna range, does include the major works on the metallurgical aspects of the Cuyuna ores. For historical interest the very earliest publications are included. This list of abbreviations given on pages 2-4 are consistent with those from the "Bibliography and Index of Geology".Beltrame, R.J.. (1977). Information Circular 12. Selected Bibliography of Cuyuna Range Geology, Mining and Metallurgy. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/59304
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