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The collapse of single bubbles and approximation of the far-field acoustic emissions for cavitation induced by shock wave lithotripsy
Get PDFRecent clinical trials have shown the efficacy of a passive acoustic device used during shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) treatment. The device uses the far-field acoustic emissions resulting from the interaction of the therapeutic shock waves with the tissue and kidney stone to diagnose the effectiveness of each shock in contributing to stone fragmentation. This paper details simulations that supported the development of that device by extending computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the flow and near-field pressures associated with shock-induced bubble collapse to allow estimation of those far-field acoustic emissions. This is a required stage in the development of the device, because current computational resources are not sufficient to simulate the far-field emissions to ranges of O(10 cm) using CFD. Similarly, they are insufficient to cover the duration of the entire cavitation event, and here simulate only the first part of the interaction of the bubble with the lithotripter shock wave in order to demonstrate the methods by which the far-field acoustic emissions resulting from the interaction can be estimated. A free-Lagrange method (FLM) is used to simulate the collapse of initially stable air bubbles in water as a result of their interaction with a planar lithotripter shock. To estimate the far-field acoustic emissions from the interaction, this paper developed two numerical codes using the Kirchhoff and Ffowcs William–Hawkings (FW-H) formulations. When coupled to the FLM code, they can be used to estimate the far-field acoustic emissions of cavitation events. The limitation of the technique is that it assumes that no significant nonlinear acoustic propagation occurs outside the control surface. Methods are outlined for ameliorating this problem if, as here, computational resources cannot compute the flow field to sufficient distance, although for the clinical situation discussed, this limitation is tempered by the effect of tissue absorption, which here is incorporated through the standard derating procedure. This approach allowed identification of the sources of, and explanation of trends seen in, the characteristics of the far-field emissions observed in clinic, to an extent that was sufficient for the development of this clinical device
Peranan Jamaluddin Al-Afghani dalam Politik
No full textJamaluddin Al-Afghani nama aslinya adalah Muhammad bin Safar, dilahirkan pada tahun 1254 H atau 1838 M di kota Kabul Afghanistan, keluarganya adalah keturunan orang-orang ternama dan berpengaruh yaitu Attirmidzi, keturunan Husen bin Ali. Pada umur 18 tahun dia mempelajari cabag-cabang ilmu pengetahuaan Islam dan mempelajari filsafat serta ilmu pasti (Exacta). Dia pernah tinggal di India untuk beberapa tahun dan kemudia dia melaksanakan ibadah haji di Mekkah pada tahun 1273 H (1857 M). Sekembalinya dari ibadah haji dia langsung pulang ke Afghanistan menjabat sebagai Pembantu Amir Dust Muhammad Khan, untuk mengobarkan kampanye politiknya. Pada tahun 1285 H (1869 ) dia Kembali melakasanakan ibadah Haji untuk yang kedua kalinya, dan kemudian ke Cairo secara diam-diam mengadakan hubungan dengan Al-Azhar. Ditempat kediamannya dia mengadakan kaidah-kaidah khusus (private). Pada tahun 1287 H (1871 M) dia mengunjungi kontantinopel, yang ternyata kedatangannya dielu-eluhkan oleh masyarakat dengan penuh kemeriahan dan kehangatan
Pemikiran Islam Jamaluddin Al-Afghani
Get PDFPada perkembangannya, masyarakat selalu mengalami perubahan yang kompleks setiap zamannya. Dimulai dari masyarakat yang nomaden menjadi sedenter, kota menjadi negara, hingga akhirnya era globalisasi. Dalam dunia Islam sendiri pada masa modern sedang berada pada masa kemunduran. Hal ini ditandai dengan banyaknya negara muslim yang dijajah dan diperbudak oleh para Kolonial Barat serta teknologi mengalami kemajuan pesat di dunia barat sedangkan mengalami stagnasi di dunia Islam. pada saat yang di nanti, Jamaluddin Al-Afghani berupaya untuk menggaungkan semangat pembaharuan di dunia Islam. Jamaluddin Al-Afghani lahir pada tahun 1838 M/1254 H di Asadabad, dan mendapatkan dasar-dasar keilmuan Islam dari ayahnya seorang bermazhab Hanafi. Sebagai seorang pemikir, Afghani tidak terlalu mencolok. Satu-satunya karya Afghani yang diterbitkan adalah artikel Ar-Radd ‘ala Ad-Dahriyyin (Bantahan terhadap kaum Materialis) yang ia tulis untuk mengisi waktu luang di India. Tiga kebenaran menurutnya dalam beragama, yaitu akal dan hati dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menjadi khalifah di bumi; Membangkitkan daya saing antar manusia hingga kelompok yang pada akhirnya akan memperbaiki dirinya untuk terap bersaing; Menyadari bahwa ada yang lebih tinggi di dunia. Pemurnian ajaran Islam menteladani rosulullah dan khalifah rosyidah, perlawanan kolonilisme dan dominasi barat, serta mengakui keunggulan barat dalam perkembangan teknologi untuk mengambil Kembali kejayaan Islam. Modernitas dan ijtihad, menurut Afghani sangat penting untuk pembaharuan Islam, yaitu untuk menghilangkan fanatisme mazhab dan taqlid golongan. Gagasan Pan-Islamisme Afghani dalam mengelola pemerintahan pernah dicontohkan oleh Afghani ketika dia mendirikan partai Hizbul Wathan. Afghani mengedepankan kepemimpinan rakyat atau musyawarah dalam pemerintahan, agar setiap orang memiliki kesempatan untuk menjadi pemimpin. Adapun pengaruh pemikirannya banyak berkembang di negara-negara muslim, termasuk di Indonesia yaitu faham politik islam oleh M. Natsir dan Gerakan Islam Muhammadiyah oleh KH. Ahmad Dahlan
Prediction of far-field acoustic emissions from cavitation clouds during shock wave lithotripsy for development of a clinical device
No full textThis study presents the key simulation and decision stage of a multi-disciplinary project to develop a hospital device for monitoring the effectiveness of kidney stone fragmentation by shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). The device analyses, in real time, the pressure fields detected by sensors placed on the patient's torso, fields generated by the interaction of the incident shock wave, cavitation, kidney stone and soft tissue. Earlier free-Lagrange simulations of those interactions were restricted (by limited computational resources) to computational domains within a few centimetres of the stone. Later studies estimated the far-field pressures generated when those interactions involved only single bubbles. This study extends the free-Lagrange method to quantify the bubble–bubble interaction as a function of their separation. This, in turn, allowed identification of the validity of using a model of non-interacting bubbles to obtain estimations of the far-field pressures from 1000 bubbles distributed within the focus of the SWL field. Up to this point in the multi-disciplinary project, the design of the clinical device had been led by the simulations. This study records the decision point when the project's direction had to be led by far more costly clinical trials instead of the relatively inexpensive simulations. <br/
Properties of neural networks with applications to modelling nonlinear dynamical systems
No full textA 2 h periodic variation in the low-mass X-ray binary Ser X-1
No full textSpectroscopy of the low-mass X-ray binary Ser X-1 using the Gran Telescopio Canarias have revealed a ?2 h periodic variability that is present in the three strongest emission lines. We tentatively interpret this variability as due to orbital motion, making it the first indication of the orbital period of Ser X-1. Together with the fact that the emission lines are remarkably narrow, but still resolved, we show that a main-sequence K dwarf together with a canonical 1.4 M? neutron star gives a good description of the system. In this scenario, the most likely place for the emission lines to arise is the accretion disc, instead of a localized region in the binary (such as the irradiated surface or the stream-impact point), and their narrowness is due instead to the low inclination (?10°) of Ser X-1
PROBLEMATIKA KEGIATAN GURU BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DI SMPN 16 BANJARMASIN
Get PDFJamaluddin, 2014.ProblematikaKegiatan Guru Bimbingan Dan Konseling Di SMPN 16 Banjarmasin.Skripsi, JurusanKependidikanIslam(KI) ProdiBimbingandanKonseling Islam (BKI), FakultasTarbiyahdanKeguruan. Pembimbing Drs. H. AbdulManaf, M,Pd.
Penelitianinidilandasitentangproblematikakegiatanbimbingandankonseling di SMPN 16 Banjarmasin.Bagaimana promblematika kegiatan bimbingan dan konseling di SMPN 16 Banjarmasin.
Faktor-fakor yang mempengaruhikegiatan aplikasi instrumentasi, himpunan data, konferensi kasus, kunjungan rumah dan alih tangan kasus bimbingan dan konseling di SMPN 16 Banjarmasin.
Tujuanpenelitianiniadalah untuk mengetahui permasalahan apa saja yang sering muncul di sekolah SMPN 16 Banjarmasin Mengetahui kegiatan guru bimbingan dan konseling di SMPN 16 Banjarmasin.Mengetahuifaktor-faktor yang mempengaruhui kegiatan guru bimbingan dan konseling di SMPN 16 Banjarmasin.
Lokasipenelitianadalahsekolah SMPN 16 Banjarmasin JlSimpanglimau No. 47 RT. 9 Kelsungailulutkecamatan/Kota Banjarmasin.Subjekdalampenelitianiniadalah guru bimbingandankonselingdalampermasalahan bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah SMPN 16 Banjarmasin.
HasilpenelitianinimenunjukkanbahwaKegiatan Guru Bimbingan Dan Konseling Di SMPN 16 Banjarmasinadalah: (a) PerencanaanKegiatanBimbingan Dan Konseling, selama 7 bulan, denganobservasiselama 5 bulanpenelitian 2 bulan, (b) Pelaksanaankegiatanbimbingandankonseling di SMPN 16 Banjarmasin, pendekatankrisis, pendekatan remedial, pendekatanpreventifdanpendekatanpengembangan, (c) Evaluasi / PenilianKegiatanBimbingan Dan Konseling, (d) TindakLanjut (Follow Up) KegiatanBimbingandanKonseling, (e) laporankegiatanbimbingandankonseling. Kegitanbimbingandankonseling yang sering di pakai.Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhipenyebabkekiatanbimbingandankonselingialahkepalasekolah, guru matapelajaran, walikelasdanpengawasharian/ penjagapiket.
Sesuaidengansemuahasilanalisis di atas, diketahuibahwakegiatanbimbingandankonseling di sekolahsmPn 16 Banjarmasin sudahbaik.Hanyatindakan yang dilakukanoleh guru bimbingandankonselingterhadapkegiatan-kegiatanbimbingandankonselingkurangcukupbaik.
Sesuaidenganhasilpenilitian di lapangantentangproblematikakegiatan guru bimbingandankonseling di SMPN 16 banjarmasin. Padabeberapakegiatanbimbingandankonselingyaituaplikasi instrumentasi, himpunan data, konferensi kasus, kunjungan rumah dan alih tangan kasus
Mesophilic-hydrothermal-thermophilic (M-H-T) digestion of green corn straw
No full textMesophilic-hydrothermal (80-160 degrees C, 30 min)-thermophilic (M-H-T) digestion and control tests of mesophilic (M), thermophilic (T), hydrothermal-mesophilic (H-M), and mesophilic-thermophilic digestion (M-T) of green corn straw were conducted for a 20-day fermentation period. The results indicate that M-H-T is an efficient method to improve methane production. A maximum methane yield of 371.74 mL/g volatile solid was obtained by the M (3 days)-H (140 degrees C)-T (17 days) process, which was 20.44%, 16.55%, 31.44%, and 14.31% higher than the yields of the M, T, 140-M, and M-T processes. The enhanced methane production was attributed to (1) the improved hemicellulose degradation and lignin disorganization; (2) prevention of the degradation of soluble sugar, easily hydrolyzed hemicellulose and cellulose into furfural and methylfurfural; and (3) lack of formation of Maillard reaction products during initial hydrothermal treatment. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Contribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Country’S H-Index
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to examine the effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development on country’s scientific ranking as measured by H-index. Moreover, this study applies ICT development sub-indices including ICT Use, ICT Access and ICT skill to find the distinct effect of these sub-indices on country’s H-index. To this purpose, required data for the panel of 14 Middle East countries over the period 1995 to 2009 is collected. Findings of the current study show that ICT development increases the H-index of the sample countries. The results also indicate that ICT Use and ICT Skill sub-indices positively contribute to higher H-index but the effect of ICT access on country’s H-index is not clear.Cite as:
FARHADI, M., SALEHI, H., EMBI, M. A., FOOLADI, M., FARHADI, H., AGHAEI CHADEGANI, A., & ALE EBRAHIM, N. (2013). Contribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Country’S H-Index. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 57(1), 122-127
Lah–Ribarič type inequalities for (h, g; m)-convex functions
No full textRecently introduced new class of (h, g; m)-convex functions unifies a certain range of convexity, thus allowing the generalizations of know results. In this paper we prove Lah–Ribarič type inequalities for (h, g; m)-convex functions from which we obtain inequalities of Hermite–Hadamard, Fejér, Giaccardi, Popoviciu and Petrović. © 2021, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Royal Academy of Sciences, Madrid
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