1,720,985 research outputs found
[Initial results of glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and genetic predisposition for laryngeal carcinoma]
No full textBackgroundWhile cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption have been linked to laryngeal carcinoma, the role of genetic factors in determining individual susceptibility is unknown. We describe the role of allelism at glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1, GSTT1, and cytochrome P 450 CYP2D6 loci in determining individual susceptibility to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsEnzyme genotypes were determined using the polymerase chain reaction in 169 patients suffering T1-T4 laryngeal carcinoma and in 145 controls.ResultsWhile the frequency of the heterozygote GSTM1 A/B genotype was statistically significantly lower in the cases than controls, the frequency of the GSTT1 null genotype was higher in cases than controls.ConclusionThese initial data suggest that allelism at GST loci mediates susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Thus, GSTM1 A/B appears to be associated with a reduced risk while GSTT1 null confers increased risk. The findings are compatible with the view that genetic predisposition is important in determining risk of this cancer
Glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 genotypes as risk factors for laryngeal carcinoma
No full textWhile cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption have been linked to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the role of genetic factors in determining individual susceptibility is unknown. We describe the role of allelism at the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1, GSTM3, GSTT1 and cytochrome P450 CYPIA1, CYP2E1, CYP2D6 loci in determining individual susceptibility to laryngeal SCC. Enzyme genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion of leukocyte DNA collected from 269 patients with T1–T4 laryngeal carcinomas and 216 controls. While the frequencies of the heterozygote GSTM1 A/B genotype and the homozygote GSTM3 B/B genotype were statistically significantly lower in the patients with tumors than in controls, the frequency of the GSTT1 null genotype was higher in the patients than in controls. The data suggest that allelism at GST loci mediates susceptibility to SCC of the larynx. GSTM1 A/B and GSTM3 B/B appear to be associated with reduced risk, while GSTT1 null may confer increased risk. These findings are compatible with the view that genetic predisposition is important in determining risk for this cancer
Foreign body aspiration in children: field report of a German hospital
No full textBACKGROUND:
The aspiration of foreign bodies (FB), especially by small children, is a life-threatening situation and can be fatal. The aim of this survey was to study the types of foreign bodies in the upper airways and digestive tract, and the circumstances leading to the aspiration on the basis of hospital records of the Berlin University Hospital in Germany from 1997-2002.
METHODS:
We performed a retrospective review of hospital records using a standardized protocol. Foreign body aspiration that occurred in children aged 0-14 were considered for inclusion in the database. During the study period, 78 patients with a diagnosis of FB were included in the database. Forty-five patients were male and 33 were female. The median age was 1.
RESULTS:
In 89.5% of all cases, the children were under the age of 3. Seventy-five of the 78 patients had a foreign body in the trachea/bronchial trees/lungs based on International Classification of Diseases-9 codes at the time of discharge. At the time the injury occurred, the children had either been eating (41.1%) or playing (50.0%). More than 50% of the children were being supervised by an adult at the time the injury occurred. The foreign bodies (FB) were always extracted by using an endoscopic procedure (n= 43 rigid, n= 6 flexible and n= 29 combination of both methods). Moreover, hospitalization was always required due to an institutional requirement. The most commonly found foreign bodies were seeds, nuts, berries and grains.
CONCLUSION:
Most of the foreign bodies were found in the bronchial tubes, trachea, and lungs. The extraction method from these areas is rigid and/or flexible bronchoscopy or gastrointestinal endoscopy, a procedure requiring anesthesia. There seems to be no association between the aspirated foreign bodies and other purchased objects or packaging material. The fact that a large fraction of the injuries occur under the supervision of the adults suggests that the number and severity of the injuries could be reduced by educating parents and children. Our experience confirms, therefore, that further research into the behavioral aspects leading to FB injuries is needed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Foreign body aspiration in children: Field report of a German hospital
No full textBACKGROUND:
The aspiration of foreign bodies (FB), especially by small children, is a life-threatening situation and can be fatal. The aim of this survey was to study the types of foreign bodies in the upper airways and digestive tract, and the circumstances leading to the aspiration on the basis of hospital records of the Berlin University Hospital in Germany from 1997-2002.
METHODS:
We performed a retrospective review of hospital records using a standardized protocol. Foreign body aspiration that occurred in children aged 0-14 were considered for inclusion in the database. During the study period, 78 patients with a diagnosis of FB were included in the database. Forty-five patients were male and 33 were female. The median age was 1.
RESULTS:
In 89.5% of all cases, the children were under the age of 3. Seventy-five of the 78 patients had a foreign body in the trachea/bronchial trees/lungs based on International Classification of Diseases-9 codes at the time of discharge. At the time the injury occurred, the children had either been eating (41.1%) or playing (50.0%). More than 50% of the children were being supervised by an adult at the time the injury occurred. The foreign bodies (FB) were always extracted by using an endoscopic procedure (n= 43 rigid, n= 6 flexible and n= 29 combination of both methods). Moreover, hospitalization was always required due to an institutional requirement. The most commonly found foreign bodies were seeds, nuts, berries and grains.
CONCLUSION:
Most of the foreign bodies were found in the bronchial tubes, trachea, and lungs. The extraction method from these areas is rigid and/or flexible bronchoscopy or gastrointestinal endoscopy, a procedure requiring anesthesia. There seems to be no association between the aspirated foreign bodies and other purchased objects or packaging material. The fact that a large fraction of the injuries occur under the supervision of the adults suggests that the number and severity of the injuries could be reduced by educating parents and children. Our experience confirms, therefore, that further research into the behavioral aspects leading to FB injuries is needed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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