158 research outputs found
Agricultural transition and integration to the world economy: NIS case
No full textThe paper studies the major trends in the agri-food trade in the NIS countries. It describes the trade flows, production cooperation and trade regimes within NIS countries; trade with the rest of the world and accession to the WTO. The key tested hypothesis of the paper is that intra-region trade dominate international trade in the NIS region, however this centrifugal tendency is forced by nations specialization set in the Soviet period. The development process in the NIS countries will cause more deep international integration. Also paper measure IIT for the NIS countries both for trade within the region and beyond it as well as IIT for some particular groups af agri-food commodities. It allowed an author to understand whether product variety explain the growth in agri-food trade within NIS and beyond it.NIS countries, agri-food trade, trade liberalization, intra-industry trade (IIT), Agricultural and Food Policy, P33, O13,
Erratum: Opinion: Putting all foods on the same table: Achieving sustainable food systems requires full accounting (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America(2019)116(18152–18156)Doi: 10.1073/pnas.1913308116)
No full textCorrection to Supporting Information for “Opinion: Putting all foods on the same table: Achieving sustainable food systems requires full accounting,” by Benjamin S. Halpern, Richard S. Cottrell, Julia L. Blanchard, Lex Bouwman, Halley E. Froehlich, Jessica A. Gephart, Nis Sand Jacobsen, Caitlin D. Kuempel, Peter B. McIntyre, Marc Metian, Daniel D. Moran, Kirsty L. Nash, Johannes Többen, and David R. Williams, which was first published September 10, 2019; 10.1073/pnas.1913308116 (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116, 18152–18156). The authors note that the following datasets were missing from the published article: Dataset S1, Dataset S2, and Dataset S3. The datasets have been added online
Intronic elements in the Na+/I-symporter gene (NIS) interact with retinoic acid receptors and mediate initiation of transcription
No full textActivity of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) in lactating breast is essential for iodide (I-) accumulation in milk. Significant NIS upregulation was also reported in breast cancer, indicating a potential use of radioiodide treatment. All-trans-retinoic acid (tRA) is a potent ligand that enhances NIS expression in a subset of breast cancer cell lines and in experimental breast cancer models. Indirect tRA stimulation of NIS in breast cancer cells is very well documented; however, direct upregulation by tRA-activated nuclear receptors has not been identified yet. Aiming to uncover cis-acting elements directly regulating NIS expression, we screened evolutionary-conserved non-coding genomic sequences for responsiveness to tRA in MCF-7. Here, we report that a potent enhancer in the first intron of NIS mediates direct regulation by tRA-stimulated nuclear receptors. In vitro as well as in vivo DNA-protein interaction assays revealed direct association between retinoic acid receptor-α (RARα) and retinoid-X-receptor (RXR) with this enhancer. Moreover, using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) we uncovered early events of NIS transcription in response to tRA, which require the interaction of several novel intronic tRA responsive elements. These findings indicate a complex interplay between nuclear receptors, RNA Pol-II and multiple intronic RAREs in NIS gene, and they establish a novel mechanistic model for tRA-induced gene transcription. © The Author(s) 2010. Published by Oxford University Press
Low Temperature Characteristics of the Metal–Superconductor NIS Tunneling Thermometer
No full textFunding Information: We received funding from the Academy of Finland under Grant 312057. We acknowledge the provision of facilities and technical support by Aalto University at the OtaNano—Micronova Nanofabrication Center and through the low temperature laboratory (LTL) infrastructure, which is part of the EU Horizon 2020 European Microkelvin Platform (EMP), No. 824109. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).We discuss the temperature dependence of a common low temperature local thermometer, a tunnel junction between a superconductor and a normal metal (NIS junction). Towards the lowest temperatures its characteristics tend to saturate, which is usually attributed to selfheating effects. In this technical note, we reanalyze this saturation and show that the temperature independent subgap current of the junction alone explains in some cases the low temperature behavior quantitatively.Peer reviewe
Are genetic databases sufficiently populated to detect non-indigenous species?
No full textCorrect species identifications are of tremendous importance for invasion ecology, as mistakes could lead to misdirecting limited resources against harmless species or inaction against problematic ones. DNA barcoding is becoming a promising and reliable tool for species identifications, however the efficacy of such molecular taxonomy depends on gene region(s) that provide a unique sequence to differentiate among species and on availability of reference sequences in existing genetic databases. Here, we assembled a list of aquatic and terrestrial non-indigenous species (NIS) and checked two leading genetic databases for corresponding sequences of six genome regions used for DNA barcoding. The genetic databases were checked in 2010, 2012, and 2016. All four aquatic kingdoms (Animalia, Chromista, Plantae and Protozoa) were initially equally represented in the genetic databases, with 64, 65, 69, and 61 % of NIS included, respectively. Sequences for terrestrial NIS were present at rates of 58 and 78 % for Animalia and Plantae, respectively. Six years later, the number of sequences for aquatic NIS increased to 75, 75, 74, and 63 % respectively, while those for terrestrial NIS increased to 74 and 88 % respectively. Genetic databases are marginally better populated with sequences of terrestrial NIS of plants compared to aquatic NIS and terrestrial NIS of animals. The rate at which sequences are added to databases is not equal among taxa. Though some groups of NIS are not detectable at all based on available data—mostly aquatic ones—encouragingly, current availability of sequences of taxa with environmental and/or economic impact is relatively good and continues to increase with time. © 2016, The Author(s)
FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY OF NEW SYSTEMS OF NiS
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L; 3G1 ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UKThe emission spectrum of NiS has been investigated in the cm region using a Fourier transform spectrometer. The bands observed in the cm region have been assigned to a new transition analogous to the electronic transition of NiO [Ram and Bernath, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 155, 315-325 (1992)]. The band consists of (4399 cm), (4257 cm), (3939 cm), and (3325 cm), all of which have been rotationally analyzed along with additional , and bands of the sub-band. To higher wavenumbers, the , and bands of the sub-band of another transition have been observed and rotationally analyzed. The other sub-bands associated with this transition have not yet been identified because of their very weak intensity. The present spectroscopic constants for the ground state agree well with the values reported from the microwave study [T. Yamamoto et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9, 3744-3748 (2007)]
A new variant of Jensen inclusion and Hermite-Hadamard type inclusions for interval-valued functions
No full textIn this research, we give a new version of Jensen inclusion for interval-valued functions, which is called Jensen-Mercer inclusion. Moreover, we establish some new inclusions of the Hermite-Hadamard-Mercer type for interval-valued functions. Finally, we give some applications of newly established inequalities to make them more interesting for the readers. © 2023, University of Nis. All rights reserved.Suan Dusit University, SDU: N42A650384; National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 11971241; National Research Council of Thailand, NRCT2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. 26D10, 26A51, 26D15. Keywords. Hermite–Hadamard inequality; Jensen-inequality; Convex interval-valued functions. Received: 15 July 2022; Accepted: 21 December 2022 Communicated by Dragan S. Djordjevi? This project is funded by National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) and Suan Dusit University: N42A650384. This research was also partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China 11971241. * Corresponding author: Muhammad Aamir Ali Email addresses: thanin [email protected] (Thanin Sitthiwirattham), [email protected] (Ifra Bashir Sial), [email protected] (Muhammad Aamir Ali), [email protected] (Hüseyin Budak), [email protected] (Jiraporn Reunsumrit
The theoretical foundations for size spectrum models of fish communities
No full textSize spectrum models have emerged from 40 years of basic research on how body size determines individual physiology and structures marine communities. They are based on commonly accepted assumptions and have a low parameter set, which make them easy to deploy for strategic ecosystem oriented impact assessment of fisheries. We describe the fundamental concepts in size-based models about food encounter and the bioenergetics budget of individuals. Within the general framework three model types have emerged that differs in their degree of complexity: the food-web, the trait-based and the community model. We demonstrate the differences between the models through examples of their response to fishing and their dynamic behavior. We review implementations of size spectrum models and describe important variations concerning the functional response, whether growth is food-dependent or fixed, and the density-dependence imposed on the system. Finally we discuss challenges and promising direction
Efficiency of fisheries is increasing at the ecosystem level
No full textManaging fisheries presents trade-offs between objectives, for example yields, profits, minimizing ecosystem impact, that have to be weighed against one another. These trade-offs are compounded by interacting species and fisheries at the ecosystem level. Weighing objectives becomes increasingly challenging when managers have to consider opposing objectives from different stakeholders. An alternative to weighing incomparable and conflicting objectives is to focus on win-wins until Pareto efficiency is achieved: a state from which it is impossible to improve with respect to any objective without regressing at least one other. We investigate the ecosystem-level efficiency of fisheries in five large marine ecosystems (LMEs) with respect to yield and an aggregate measure of ecosystem impact using a novel calibration of size-based ecosystem models. We estimate that fishing patterns in three LMEs (North Sea, Barents Sea and Benguela Current) are nearly efficient with respect to long-term yield and ecosystem impact and that efficiency has improved over the last 30 years. In two LMEs (Baltic Sea and North East US Continental Shelf), fishing is inefficient and win-wins remain available. We additionally examine the efficiency of North Sea and Baltic Sea fisheries with respect to economic rent and ecosystem impact, finding both to be inefficient but steadily improving. Our results suggest the following: (i) a broad and encouraging trend towards ecosystem-level efficiency of fisheries; (ii) that ecosystem-scale win-wins, especially with respect to conservation and profits, may still be common; and (iii) single-species assessment approaches may overestimate the availability of win-wins by failing to account for trade-offs across interacting specie
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