1,721,009 research outputs found
Body mass index and risk of malnutrition in community-living elderly men and women: relationships with morbidity, mortality and health- related quality of life. The Tromsø and HUNT studies
Get PDFThe elderly population is rapidly growing, and elderly individuals are more vulnerable to
nutritional problems than other adults. A number of studies have found evidence for adverse
health outcomes in elderly patients at risk of malnutrition. However, much of the previous
research has been performed in hospital populations or in groups of elderly patients with specific
diagnoses. More population-based studies in this area are therefore needed. Increased
understanding of nutrition in elderly individuals can contribute to the identification of individuals
at risk of malnutrition at an earlier stage.
Based on data from three large health surveys, we aimed to study the relationship between
nutritional status and important health outcomes in community-living elderly individuals. We
first explored the associations between disease burden, social and life style variables in a crosssectional
design based on data from the Tromsø 4 survey (1994-1995) (paper I). We found that
fractures (hip), mental distress, reduced muscle strength and current smoking were more
prevalent in underweight individuals. Chronic lung disease and reduced physical activity had a
U-shaped relation with body mass index (BMI). Diabetes and ischemic heart disease were more
prevalent in obese individuals.
In the Tromsø 6 survey (2007-08), we included the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool
(MUST). We found that approximately 8% of this community-living population was at medium
or high risk of malnutrition and that 20% was obese (BMI >30 kg/m2). We used a cross-sectional
design to explore the association between mental health symptoms and both risk of malnutrition
and BMI (paper II). Mental health symptoms were significantly associated with the risk of
malnutrition, and an association was also found for subthreshold mental health symptoms.
Quality of Life is an important health aspect for the increasing number of elderly individuals with
longer life expectancy. We found a significant reduction in Health-related Quality of Life with an
increasing risk of malnutrition, and this was more pronounced in men than in women (paper III).
In paper IV, we combined the HUNT 2 (The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, 1995-97) and
Tromsø 4 surveys with the intention of exploring the relationship between BMI categories and
both total and cause-specific mortality in a prospective design. We found mortality to be
increased in all BMI categories below 25 kg/m2 and that overweight individuals had the lowest
mortality (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2 in men and 25-32.4 kg/m2 in women). A modest increase in
mortality was found with increasing BMI among obese men and women. About 40% of the
excess mortality in the lower BMI range in men was explained by mortality from respiratory
diseases.
This thesis describes increased morbidity, mortality and reduced HRQoL in community-living
elderly individuals at risk of malnutrition or with lower BMI. These findings emphasise the
importance of nutritional screening, especially in primary care. Previous research has
demonstrated that nutritional intervention can reduce adverse health outcomes in elderly at risk of
malnutrition
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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