25 research outputs found
Thermodynamic evaluation of the systems Cu-Si, Mg-Ni, Si-Sn and Si-Zn
No full textIn the framework of the COST 507 project, thermodynamic evaluations of the systems Cu-Si, Mg-Ni, Si-Sn and Si-Zn have been performed using the program BINGSS developed by H.L. Lukas[1]
Including the effects of pressure and stress in thermodynamic functions
No full textMost applications of thermodynamic databases to materials design are limited to ambient pressure. The consideration of elastic contributions to thermodynamic stability is highly desirable but not straight-forward to realise. We present examples of existing physical models for pressure-dependent thermodynamic functions and discuss the requirements for future implementations given the existing results of experiments and first-principles calculations. We briefly summarize the calculation of elastic constants and point out examples of nonlinear variation with pressure, temperature and chemical composition that would need to be accounted for in thermodynamic databases. This is particularly the case if a system melts from different phases at different pressures. Similar relations exist between pressure and magnetism and hence set the need to also include magnetic effects in thermodynamic databases for finite pressure. We present examples to illustrate that the effect of magnetism on stability is strongly coupled to pressure, temperature, and external fields. As a further complication we discuss dynamical instabilities that may appear at finite pressure. While imaginary phonon frequencies may render a structure unstable and destroy a crystal lattice, the anharmonic effects may stabilize it again at finite temperature. Finally, we also outline a possible implementation scheme for strain effects in thermodynamic databases. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Denominations of the Paleness in the Middle High German
No full textУ статті йдеться про середньоверхньонімецькі позначення блідості чи блідих відтінків та їх похідні.
Визначивши їх семантичні структури на основі детального аналізу 18 свн. літературних пам’яток (з
урахуванням 214 інших), автор робить висновок про специфіку семантичного развитку цих синонімічних слів. This article deals with MHG
denominations of pale tone and their derivatives. On the basis of their defined semantic structures in 18 literature
monuments (within other 232) the author comes to conclusion concerning the specifics of their semantic development
Salman und Morolf : An English translation with introduction
No full textThe authorship, genre, style and content of the Spielmann epics have always set them apart from other Middle High German (MHG) works. It has still not been successfully determined when they were first composed or by whom, but one can be fairly certain from their style and content that these epics were meant to entertain and amuse, rather than to depict great turning points or resolutions of moral struggles or to present great insights or ideas of universal interest. The main goal of this dissertation is to provide an English translation of the MHG epic poem Salman und Morolf and, by means of a brief discussion of the Spielmann genre, the sources of the Salman und Morolf plot, possible date of composition, and various motifs found in the work, to provide a foundation for a better understanding of Salman und Morolf. This English version of Salman und Morolf is not a line by line translation of the original, nor is it presented in the original\u27s stanza form. Rather, it is a prose rendition in a style familiar to today\u27s reader yet faithful to the original\u27s content. The original\u27s short, choppy lines, repeated words and phrases, mechanical rhyme and limited vocabulary make for difficult imitation of style as well as reading in a translation. By recasting the work in prose, the plot, entertainment value, character development, and glimpses of the author\u27s world can still be presented, consistent with the original. The translation\u27s chapter divisions are based on breaks in the plot and are not present in the MHG version
Broad supernatural punishment but not moralizing high gods precede the evolution of political complexity in Austronesia.
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the Royal Society via the DOI in this recordSupernatural belief presents an explanatory challenge to evolutionary theorists-it is both costly and prevalent. One influential functional explanation claims that the imagined threat of supernatural punishment can suppress selfishness and enhance cooperation. Specifically, morally concerned supreme deities or 'moralizing high gods' have been argued to reduce free-riding in large social groups, enabling believers to build the kind of complex societies that define modern humanity. Previous cross-cultural studies claiming to support the MHG hypothesis rely on correlational analyses only and do not correct for the statistical non-independence of sampled cultures. Here we use a Bayesian phylogenetic approach with a sample of 96 Austronesian cultures to test the MHG hypothesis as well as an alternative supernatural punishment hypothesis that allows punishment by a broad range of moralizing agents. We find evidence that broad supernatural punishment drives political complexity, whereas MHGs follow political complexity. We suggest that the concept of MHGs diffused as part of a suite of traits arising from cultural exchange between complex societies. Our results show the power of phylogenetic methods to address long-standing debates about the origins and functions of religion in human society.This research was funded by grants from the New Zealand Marsden Fund and the John Templeton Foundation, as well as a doctoral scholarship from the University of Auckland
Broad supernatural punishment but not moralizing high gods precede the evolution of political complexity in Austronesia
No full textSupernatural belief presents an explanatory challenge to evolutionary theorists� it is both costly and prevalent. One influential functional explanation claims that the imagined threat of supernatural punishment can suppress selfishness and enhance cooperation. Specifically, morally concerned supreme deities or �moralizing high gods� have been argued to reduce free-riding in large social groups, enabling believers to build the kind of complex societies that define modern humanity. Previous cross-cultural studies claiming to support the MHG hypothesis rely on correlational analyses only and do not correct for the statistical non-independence of sampled cultures. Here we use a Bayesian phylogenetic approach with a sample of 96 Austronesian cultures to test the MHG hypothesis as well as an alternative supernatural punishment hypothesis that allows punishment by a broad range of moralizing agents. We find evidence that broad supernatural punishment drives political complexity, whereas MHGs follow political complexity. We suggest that the concept of MHGs diffused as part of a suite of traits arising from cultural exchange between complex societies. Our results show the power of phylogenetic methods to address long-standing debates about the origins and functions of religion in human society. � 2015 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved
Sinodski put. Katolička Crkva u Njemačkoj na putu čišćenja i obnove
No full textThe problem of child and juvenile abuse has been shaking the public more and more lately. In this paper, the author discusses a part of the spectrum of this issue related to the sexual abuse of under-age persons by Catholic priests and monks. The first part deals with the reactions and measures taken by the present pope and his predecessor and the Roman Curia in the fight against sexual abuse committed by clerics. The second major part of this article explores how the Catholic Church in Germany is facing this problem and trying to eradicate it. The sexual abuse of children by church people that came to light caused a deep crisis of faith and shook confidence in the Church there. From the beginning, German bishops recognized all the disastrousness of this evil and accepted a new pattern of exposing and punishing perpetrators, protecting victims, and working on prevention. On the basis of the MHG study, they concluded that there are systemic problems that favour abuse. That is why they decided to convene a kind of synod - the Synodal Path - to discuss the interconnectedness of several key church and theological topics. The author describes in detail and gives documented evidence of numerous activities and efforts regarding the status, convening and first plenary session of this conference. There is a reasonable expectation that the launched synodal process will, among other things, bring cleansing, restore shaken trust, and strengthen church communion in witnessing to the gospel.Problem zlostavljanja djece i maloljetnika u posljednje vrijeme sve više potresa društvenu javnost. U svom radu autor tematizira dio spektra te problematike koji se odnosi na spolno zlostavljanje malodobnika od strane katoličkih svećenika i redovnika. Prvi dio obrađuje reakcije i poduzete mjere sadašnjega pape i njegova prethodnika te Rimske kurije u borbi protiv spolnog zlostavljanja koje su počinili klerici. Drugi, veći dio ovoga članka istražuje kako se Katolička Crkva u Njemačkoj suočava s ovim problemom i kako ga pokušava iskorijeniti. Spolno zlostavljanje djece od strane crkvenih osoba koje je izišlo na vidjelo, izazvao je duboku krizu vjere i poljuljao povjerenje u tamošnju Crkvu. Njemački su biskupi od početka prepoznali svu pogubnost toga zla i prihvatili novi obrazac razotkrivanja i kažnjavanja počinitelja, zaštite žrtava i rad na prevenciji. Na temelju MHG-studije došli su do zaključka da postoje sistemski problemi koji pogoduju zlostavljanju. Zato su odlučili sazvati neku vrst sinode - Sinodski put - da raspravi međusobnu povezanost nekoliko ključnih crkvenih i teoloških tema. Autor detaljno opisuje i dokumentira brojne aktivnosti i nastojanja oko statusa, sazivanja i prvog plenarnog zasjedanja tog skupa. Postoji opravdano očekivanje da će započeti sinodski proces između ostalog donijeti čišćenje, vratiti poljuljano povjerenje i ojačati crkveno zajedništvu u svjedočenju evanđelja
Copper metabolism and gut morphology in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during chronic sublethal dietary copper exposure
No full textJuvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to 11 (control), 300 (medium), and 1000 mug Cu.g(1) (high) (as CuSO(4)5H(2)O) in the diet for 28 days at a daily ration of 4% wet body weight, with a background waterborne Cu concentration of 3 mug.L-1. There was no effect of dietary Cu on growth, condition factor, or food conversion efficiency. Whole-body Cu content increased continuously over the exposure period in all groups and was twofold and fourfold higher than controls at day 28 for the medium- and high-Cu diets, respectively. Copper accumulated mainly in liver and gut tissue, with the latter stabilizing by day 14. Accumulation also occurred in gill, kidney, and carcass. Plasma Cu concentration was not different from the controls whereas Cu in bile was greatly elevated, an indication of increased hepatobiliary excretion. Dietary Cu pre-exposure decreased the uptake of waterborne Cu across the gills, providing the first evidence of homeostatic interaction between the two routes of uptake. Electron microscopic observations of the midintestine revealed numerous mitochondria, lysosomes, lamellated bodies, and extensive lamellar processes in the enterocytes. Apoptosis, mitosis, and eosinophilic granule cells were more apparent in Cu-exposed fish.PT: J; CR: BERNTSSEN MHG, 1999, AQUAT TOXICOL, V46, P87 CAMPBELL HA, 1999, AQUAT TOXICOL, V46, P177 COLMAN JR, 1979, SCANNING ELECT MICRO, V11, P801 CRESPO S, 1986, J FISH BIOL, V28, P68 DALLINGER R, 1985, OECOLOGIA, V67, P82 DALLINGER R, 1987, OECOLOGIA, V73, P91 EZEASOR DN, 1980, J FISH BIOL, V17, P529 FARAG AM, 1994, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V13, P2021 GATLIN DM, 1986, AQUACULTURE, V54, P277 GROSELL M, 2000, IN PRESS AM J PHYSL GROSELL MH, 1997, AQUAT TOXICOL, V38, P257 GROSELL MH, 1998, AQUAT TOXICOL, V40, P275 GUASTADISEGNI C, 1999, J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A, V57, P415 HANDY RD, 1992, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V22, P74 HANDY RD, 1993, AQUAT TOXICOL, V27, P1 HANDY RD, 1996, TOXICOLOGY AQUATIC P, P29 HANDY RD, 1999, AQUAT TOXICOL, V47, P23 HUGHES GM, 1984, FISH PHYSIOL, V10, P1 JULSHAMN K, 1988, AQUACULTURE, V73, P143 LANNO RP, 1985, AQUACULTURE, V49, P257 LANNO RP, 1987, AQUAT TOXICOL, V10, P251 LULLMANNRAUCH R, 1979, LYSOSOMES APPLIED BI, V6, P49 MACRAE RK, 1999, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V18, P1180 MARR JCA, 1996, AQUAT TOXICOL, V36, P17 MCDONALD DG, 1993, FISH ECOPHYSIOLOGY, P270 MILLER PA, 1993, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V50, P1683 MOUNT DR, 1994, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V13, P2031 MURAI T, 1981, AQUACULTURE, V22, P352 NONNOTTE L, 1986, CELL TISSUE RES, V243, P619 OGINO C, 1980, NIPPON SUISAN GAKK, V46, P455 TAYLOR LN, 2000, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V19, P2298 WEIS P, 1986, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V65, P167 WOLF K, 1963, PROGRE FISH CULT, V25, P135 WOOD CM, 1992, AQUAT TOXICOL, V22, P239 WOODWARD DF, 1994, T AM FISH SOC, V123, P51 WOODWARD DF, 1995, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V52, P1994; NR: 36; TC: 24; J9: CAN J FISHERIES AQUAT SCI; PG: 13; GA: 399WRSource type: Electronic(1
Zur Rezeption des Nibelungenlieds im 20. Jahrhundert. Joachim Fernaus 'Disteln für Hagen: Bestandsaufnahme der deutschen Seele' und Horst Pillaus Musical-Libretto 'Laß das, Hagen!'
No full textAbstract: This essay examines two interesting examples of the 20th century reception of the MHG Nibelungenlied. In both texts the evident purpose is that of entertaining the reader/audience. In the case of Fernau’s book, in my opinion, the effect of this is to obscure the fact that the author is trying to make excuses for an extremely deplorable period in German history by offering a peculiar interpretation of old heroic myths. Pillau’s musical, by contrast, may be seen as an attempt to unmask such an abuse of the Nibelungenlied tradition for ideological reasons. - Zusammenfassung deutsch: Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit zwei interessanten Beispielen der komplexen Geschichte produktiver Rezeption des Nibelungenlieds. In beiden Fällen lässt sich vordergründig eine deutliche Unterhaltungsfunktion erkennen, die meines Erachtens bei Fernaus Nibelungenbuch darüber hinwegtäuschen soll, dass der Autor mit seiner eigenwilligen Mythendeutung im Grunde auf eine Apologie der jüngeren deutschen Geschichte zielt, während Pillaus Nibelungen-Musical auch als Versuch der Demaskierung eines solchen Umgangs mit dem Nibelungenstoff gesehen werden kann, bei dem das im mittelhochdeutschen Epos dargestellte Geschehen nur vordergründig ironisch gebrochen und das durch komische Effekte erzielte Wir-Gefühl mit dem Publikum für politisch-weltanschauliche Zwecke missbraucht wird
