254 research outputs found
Increased rates of respiratory disease in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis including 619,214 individuals with schizophrenia and 52,159,551 controls
No full textINTRODUCTION: Despite respiratory disease being a major cause of excess mortality in people with schizophrenia, the prevalence of respiratory conditions in this population is poorly defined. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to establish the prevalence and association of respiratory diseases in people with schizophrenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Major electronic databases were searched from inception to 27 April 2020 for articles reporting respiratory disease (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], pneumonia, and tuberculosis) in people with schizophrenia and, where possible, a control group. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018115137). RESULTS: Of 1569 citations, 21 studies consisting of 619,214 individuals with schizophrenia and 52,159,551 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to the general population, people with schizophrenia had significantly higher rates of COPD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.28-2.57), asthma (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.02-2.83), and pneumonia (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.10-6.23). In people with schizophrenia, the prevalence of COPD was 7.7% (95% CI: 4.0-14.4), asthma 7.5% (95% CI: 4.9-11.3), pneumonia 10.3% (95% CI 5.4-18.6), and tuberculosis 0.3% (95% CI 0.1 -0.8). After adjusting for publication bias, the prevalence of COPD increased to 19.9% (95% CI: 9.6-36.7). DISCUSSION: All respiratory diseases examined were significantly more prevalent in people with schizophrenia compared with the general population. Future studies should focus on improving the prevention and management of respiratory disease in this group to reduce associated excess mortality.sponsorship: We would like to thank Marc Miravitlles from Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute for providing additional data. Brendon Stubbs is supported by a Clinical Lectureship (ICA-CL-201703-001) jointly funded by Health Education England (HEE) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). Brendon Stubbs is part funded by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. Brendon Stubbs also holds active grants with the Medical Research Council (GCRF and multimorbidity calls) and Guys and St Thomas Charity (GSTT). Toby Pillinger's work is supported by the NIHR and holds an active grant with the Maudsley Charity. GH is supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Action Grant (847776). FG is in part supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHSFoundation Trust and King's College London, the Stanley Medical Research Institute, the Maudsley Charity and the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South London (NIHR ARC South London) at King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. (Health Education England (HEE)|ICA-CL-201703-001, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)|ICA-CL-201703-001, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London, Medical Research Council (GCRF and multimorbidity calls), Guys and St Thomas Charity (GSTT), Maudsley Charity, European Union|847776, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHSFoundation Trust and King's College London, Stanley Medical Research Institute, NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South London (NIHR ARC South London) at King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, National Institute for Health Research|ICA-CL-2017-03-001)status: Publishe
Supplemental Material, APC-18-0016_FINAL_Supplemental_Appendix_2_Communication_Form - Report and Recommendations of the Association of Pathology Chairs’ Autopsy Working Group
No full textSupplemental Material, APC-18-0016_FINAL_Supplemental_Appendix_2_Communication_Form for Report and Recommendations of the Association of Pathology Chairs’ Autopsy Working Group by Gregory G. Davis, Gayle L. Winters, Billie S. Fyfe, Jody E. Hooper, Julia C. Iezzoni, Rebecca L. Johnson, Priscilla S. Markwood, Wesley Y. Naritoku, Marcus Nashelsky, Barbara A. Sampson, Jacob J. Steinberg, James R. Stubbs, Charles Timmons, and Robert D. Hoffman in Academic Pathology</p
Supplemental Material, APC-18-0016_FINAL_Supplemental_Appendix_3_EPA_for_Autopsy - Report and Recommendations of the Association of Pathology Chairs’ Autopsy Working Group
No full textSupplemental Material, APC-18-0016_FINAL_Supplemental_Appendix_3_EPA_for_Autopsy for Report and Recommendations of the Association of Pathology Chairs’ Autopsy Working Group by Gregory G. Davis, Gayle L. Winters, Billie S. Fyfe, Jody E. Hooper, Julia C. Iezzoni, Rebecca L. Johnson, Priscilla S. Markwood, Wesley Y. Naritoku, Marcus Nashelsky, Barbara A. Sampson, Jacob J. Steinberg, James R. Stubbs, Charles Timmons, and Robert D. Hoffman in Academic Pathology</p
Supplemental Material, APC-18-0016_FINAL_Supplemental_Appendix_1_Autopsy_Service_Director_qualifications - Report and Recommendations of the Association of Pathology Chairs’ Autopsy Working Group
No full textSupplemental Material, APC-18-0016_FINAL_Supplemental_Appendix_1_Autopsy_Service_Director_qualifications for Report and Recommendations of the Association of Pathology Chairs’ Autopsy Working Group by Gregory G. Davis, Gayle L. Winters, Billie S. Fyfe, Jody E. Hooper, Julia C. Iezzoni, Rebecca L. Johnson, Priscilla S. Markwood, Wesley Y. Naritoku, Marcus Nashelsky, Barbara A. Sampson, Jacob J. Steinberg, James R. Stubbs, Charles Timmons, and Robert D. Hoffman in Academic Pathology</p
Exercise as Medicine for Mental and Substance Use Disorders: A Meta-review of the Benefits for Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Outcomes
No full textBACKGROUND: Exercise may improve neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms in people with mental disorders, but the totality of the evidence is unclear. We conducted a meta-review of exercise in (1) serious mental illness (schizophrenia spectrum, bipolar disorder and major depression (MDD)); (2) anxiety and stress disorders; (3) alcohol and substance use disorders; (4) eating disorders (anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorders, and (5) other mental disorders (including ADHD, pre/post-natal depression). METHODS: Systematic searches of major databases from inception until 1/10/2018 were undertaken to identify meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise in people with clinically diagnosed mental disorders. In the absence of available meta-analyses for a mental disorder, we identified systematic reviews of exercise interventions in people with elevated mental health symptoms that included non-RCTs. Meta-analysis quality was assessed with the AMSTAR/+. RESULTS: Overall, we identified 27 systematic reviews (including 16 meta-analyses representing 152 RCTs). Among those with MDD, we found consistent evidence (meta-analyses = 8) that exercise reduced depression in children, adults and older adults. Evidence also indicates that exercise was more effective than control conditions in reducing anxiety symptoms (meta-analyses = 3), and as an adjunctive treatment for reducing positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (meta-analyses = 2). Regarding neurocognitive effects, exercise improved global cognition in schizophrenia (meta-analyses = 1), children with ADHD (meta-analyses = 1), but not in MDD (meta-analyses = 1). Among those with elevated symptoms, positive mental health benefits were observed for exercise in people with pre/post-natal depression, anorexia nervosa/bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorders/substance use disorders. Adverse events were sparsely reported. CONCLUSION: Our panoramic meta-overview suggests that exercise can be an effective adjunctive treatment for improving symptoms across a broad range of mental disorders.sponsorship: Brendon Stubbs holds a Clinical Lectureship supported by Health Education England and the NIHR Integrated Clinical Academic (ICA) Programme (ICA-CL-2017-03-001). Brendon Stubbs is also part supported by the Maudsley Charity and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South London at King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. The views expressed are those of the author[s] and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. John Firth is supported by a Blackmores Institute Fellowship. Rebekah Carney is funded by the Research Capability Fund via Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust. Garcia Ashdown-Franks is funded by a Mitacs Globalink Research Award. (Health Education England, NIHR Integrated Clinical Academic (ICA) Programme|ICA-CL-2017-03-001, Maudsley Charity, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South London at King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Blackmores Institute Fellowship, Research Capability Fund via Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Mitacs Globalink Research Award)status: Publishe
Is Active Transport and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Associated With Inflammatory Markers in US Adults? A Cross-Sectional Analyses From NHANES
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Human Kinetics via the DOI in this recordBACKGROUND: To investigate the association between levels of active transport and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, body mass index, waist circumference, and lipids in a large representative sample of adults residing in the United States. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Adjusted multinomial logistic regressions were carried out to quantify associations between levels of self-reported active transport (or LTPA) and quintiles of anthropometric measures and serum markers. RESULTS: A total of 3248 adults were included. For serum inflammatory biomarkers, the authors observed a lower likelihood of being in the top quintile groups of circulating C-reactive protein (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.90) and white blood cell count (aOR: 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44-0.95) with engaging in low to medium levels of active transport but not with high levels of active transport. Higher levels of LTPA were associated with lower likelihood of having high levels of serum inflammatory biomarkers (aOR: 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42-0.86 in the top C-reactive protein group and aOR: 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39-0.87 in top white blood cell group). CONCLUSIONS: Promoting active transport and/or LTPA may be a beneficial strategy to improving some, but not all, cardiometabolic health outcomes
Relationship Between Cannabis Use and Erectile Dysfunction : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textFunding The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: BS is supported by the Health Education England and the National Institute for Health Research HEE/ NIHR ICA Programme Clinical Lectureship (ICA-CL-2017-03-001). The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the National Institute for Health Research, the Department of Health and Social Care or the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation.Peer reviewe
Physical injury and depression in six low- and middle-income countries: A nationally representative study
No full textBackground: Studies on the association between physical injury and depression in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are scarce. Therefore, our goal was to analyze the association between physical injury and depression using nationally representative data from six LMICs. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) survey (2007–2010) were analyzed (N = 42,489). Questions based on the World Mental Health Survey version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview were used for the endorsement of past 12-month DSM-IV depression. Any injury in our analysis referred to having experienced traffic injury or other injury in the past 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and meta-analyses were used to assess associations. Results: Overall, the prevalence of depression was higher among those who had any injury compared to those without injuries (9.0% vs. 3.7%). Compared to having no injury, any injury without disability was associated with a 1.72 (95%CI=1.18–2.50) times higher odds for depression, while the odds for injury with disability was much higher (OR =3.81; 95%CI=2.16–6.73). The pooled estimate (OR) for the association between any injury and depression based on a meta-analysis using country-wise estimates was 3.28 (95%CI = 1.71–6.31) and a moderate level of between-country heterogeneity was observed (I 2 = 63.1%). Limitations: Causality or temporal associations cannot be established due to the cross-sectional nature of the study. Conclusions: Personalized mental health care to victims of physical injury may reduce risk for depression. Treating disability as the result of injuries may also be effective in the prevention of depressive disorders. © 201
Associations of moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior with depressive and anxiety symptoms in self-isolating people during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey in Brazil
No full textThis is a cross-sectional study evaluating the associations of self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity, and sedentary behavior with depressive, anxiety, and co-occurring depressive and anxiety symptoms (D&A) in self-isolating Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were collected using the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI). Among the 937 participants (females=72.3%), those performing ≥30 min/day of moderate to vigorous or ≥15 min/day of vigorous physical activity had lower odds of prevalent depressive, anxiety, and co-occurring D&A symptoms. Those spending ≥10 h/day sedentary were more likely to have depressive symptoms.sponsorship: This study was part financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -Brasil (CAPES) Finance Code 001. Joseph Firth is supported by a University of Manchester Presidential Fellowship (P123958) and a UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship (MR/T021780/1). Brendon Stubbs is supported by a Clinical Lectureship (ICA-CL-2017-03-001) jointly funded by Health Education England (HEE) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). Brendon Stubbs is part funded by the NIHR Biomedical Research centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the (partner organization), the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. Mark Tully is partly supported by funding as Director of the Northern Ireland Public Health Research Network by the Research and Development Division of the Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland). (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior - Brasil (CAPES)|001, University of Manchester Presidential Fellowship|P123958, UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship|MR/T021780/1, Health Education England (HEE)|ICA-CL-2017-03-001, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)|ICA-CL-2017-03-001, NIHR Biomedical Research centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Northern Ireland Public Health Research Network by the Research and Development Division of the Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland))status: Publishe
Brain injury and brain health among individuals living in homelessness or precarious housing
No full textIndividuals living in homelessness or precarious housing experience poorer health and earlier mortality than the general population. The overall objective of this work was to characterize the role of traumatic brain injury in the health of these individuals, and evaluate quantitative structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of brain structure among these individuals. First, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence, incidence, and role of traumatic brain injury in the health of these individuals. We found that more than half of individuals living in homelessness or precarious housing had experienced a traumatic brain injury during their lifetime, while more than one in five had experienced a moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. History of traumatic brain injury was associated with poorer mental and physical health, and poorer functioning. Next, we evaluated quantitative MRI measures of brain macrostructure and microstructure among these individuals compared to a general population sample. Using data from a large study of individuals living in homelessness or precarious housing (n=312), we found that older age was associated with more whole-brain atrophy and decrements in white matter measures as compared to the general population sample (n=382). History of traumatic brain injury, stimulant dependence, and heroin dependence were associated with further decrements in these MRI measures. Finally, we evaluated longitudinal trajectories of these MRI measures among individuals living in homelessness or precarious housing (n=300) and how these trajectories were associated with health and functioning. Rates of change varied across regions of interest, and traumatic brain injury, cardiovascular risk scores, alcohol dependence, and opioid dependence were associated with further decrements in these MRI measures. More rapid decline in MRI measures was associated with declining physical health, declining cognitive functioning, and mortality. Overall, we found that traumatic brain injury is more prevalent among individuals living in homelessness or precarious housing than in the general population, and that traumatic brain injury and other risk factors are associated with decrements in MRI measures of brain structure. A concerted effort is needed to ameliorate the brain health disparities experienced by individuals living in homelessness or precarious housing.Medicine, Faculty ofMedicine, Department ofGraduat
- …
