655 research outputs found
DE CHEDDAR- EN CRESWELL-SPITSEN VAN ZEIJEN (DR.): \u27PROJECTIELEN\u27 OF MESSEN?
No full textThe first author performed use-wear analys is on the points from the Creswellian sile at Zeijen in the province of Drenthe (see Stapert & Johansen, 2001). Both the Cheddar and the Creswell points proved to have been used as \u27projectiles \u27- not as knives. In several cases, unambiguous traces of hafiing could be observed, including \u27bright spots \u27 produced by frietion (Rats, 2001/2002). lt is of interest that most of the Cheddar points, and several Creswell points too, were probably hafted as barbs, not as tips
Parietal Art from Creswell Crags : U−series dating method
No full textParietal Art from Creswell Crags at Derbyshire has been the first discovery in the Great Britain. Some small caves there contain 25 engravings in total and for this paper, the author analyze five examples, such as ibis, stag and so on, to compare with the counterparts in the European Continent. In general, it is severely difficult to date the prehistoric rock art, so in this British site, researchers have introduced new dating trying, that is, U−series dating method. It has showed that the art works there had made about 14，000 years ago, that means they were Plaeolithic art. In the Ice Age, the Great Britain was a part of European Continent, and the artists for parietal art had been able to move on foot to Creswell Crags. U−series method is just innovative to make clear the background of prehistoric art, and in future the author will investigate the reliability of this new challenge. Spanish caves also has been given new astonishing dates with U−series way by the group of British and Spanish researchers, that is, 42，000 years ago. Now, another results by other teams are to be waited to reevaluate the news.departmental bulletin pape
Métodos mistos en la investigación en enfermería : posibilidades de aplicación a la luz de Creswell
No full textObjetivo: explanar sobre os desenhos/estratégias de pesquisa em métodos mistos propostos por Creswell, e refletir sobre a aplicabilidade das abordagens mistas de investigação científica na enfermagem. Método: ensaio-teórico reflexivo embasado essencialmente ao referencial de Creswell como condutor às reflexões sobre pesquisa mista. A reflexão foi organizada em um eixo condutor que relaciona os construtos teóricos básicos dos métodos mistos e sua aplicabilidade na área da enfermagem. Resultados: com a explanação das seis estratégias de pesquisa mista orientadas pelo autor, entre elas três no desenho sequencial e três no concomitante, foram tecidas reflexões sobre a aplicabilidade de cada uma das estratégias para a pesquisa científica na enfermagem, além de exemplificações práticas de investigações mistas ao uso da escassa literatura nacional e internacional disponível na área. Conclusão: os métodos mistos parecem emergir como o terceiro e novo paradigma da investigação científica e, uma vez reconhecida a complexidade dos fenômenos passíveis a serem pesquisados pela enfermagem, a pesquisa mista tende a favorecer interpretações mais aprofundadas sobre os seus objetos de estudo. Hánecessidade de franca dedicação dos pesquisadores da área no delineamento do projeto de pesquisa mista, e o referencial de Creswell parece ser profícuo à sua apreensão.Objective: To explain the research strategies/designs in mixed method studies proposed by Creswell, and to reflect on the applicability of the mixed approaches in scientific nursing research. Method: a reflexive theoretical essay based on Creswell as a conductor for reflections on mixed research. The reflection was organized in a guiding axis that relates the basic theoretical constructs of the mixed methods and their applicability in the area of nursing. Results: with the explanation of the six strategies of mixed research oriented by the author, including three in the sequential design and three in the concomitant, reflections emerged in the applicability of each of the strategies for scientific research in nursing, as well as practical examples of investigations on the use of scarce national and international literature available in the area. Conclusion: mixed methods seem to emerge as the third and new paradigm of scientific research and, once the complexity of the phenomena that can be researched by nursing is recognized, mixed research tends to favor deeper interpretations of its research subject. The researchers of the area must be dedicated to the mixed research project design, and Creswell’s reference/design appears to be advantageous to its apprehension.Objetivo: explicar sobre los diseños/estrategias de investigación en métodos mixtos propuestos por Creswell, y reflexionar sobre la aplicabilidad de los enfoques mixtos de investigación científica en la enfermería. Método: ensayo-teórico reflexivo basado esencialmente en el referencial de Creswell como conductor a las reflexiones sobre investigación mixta. La reflexión fue organizada en un eje conductor que relaciona los constructos teóricos básicos de los métodos mixtos y su aplicabilidad en el área de la enfermería. Resultados: con la explicación de las seis estrategias de investigación mixta orientadas por el autor, entre ellas tres en el diseño secuencial y tres en el concomitante, se tejieron reflexiones sobre la aplicabilidad de cada una de las estrategias para la investigación científica en la enfermería, además de ejemplificaciones prácticas de investigaciones mixtas al uso de la escasa literatura nacional e internacional disponible en el área. Conclusión: los métodos mixtos parecen emerger como el tercer y nuevo paradigma de la investigación científica y, una vez reconocida la complejidad de los fenómenos pasibles a ser investigados por la enfermería, la investigación mixta tiende a favorecer interpretaciones más profundas sobre sus objetos de estudio. La necesidad de franca dedicación de los investigadores del área en el delineamiento del proyecto de investigación mixta, y el referencial de Creswell parece ser provechoso a su aprehensión
Unannotated Photographs, Un-Inked Illustrations, and Rough Sketches of Lithics from Sites at Creswell Crags.
No full textThis document contains photographs and illustrations of lithics from the Robin Hood’s Cave and Mother Grundy’s Parlour in the Campbell 69 collection at Creswell Crags visitors centre. All photographs and rough illustrations were taken/drawn by the author between 2014 and 2016. The author undertook this work as part of the lithic analysis of the assemblages above by both Katie Davenport-Mackey and Paul R Preston between 2014 and 2016. These analyses are part of a joint project to generate data for their own respective research needs. For Davenport-Mackey it contributes to her ongoing doctoral research. For Preston towards the further testing several lithic and raw material use models first developed in his D.Phil. research (Preston 2011)
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Guided parent-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for children with anxiety disorders: outcomes at 3- to 5-year follow-up
No full textObjectives: Brief Guided Parent-delivered CBT has been developed to meet the demand for non-intensive interventions for children with anxiety disorders, and initial trials have shown it to be effective for children with a range of anxiety disorders. The current study examined outcomes three to five years post-treatment.
Design: A long-term follow-up cohort study
Methods: Families who (i) received active treatment of guided parent-delivered CBT for childhood anxiety as part of an RCT, (ii) completed at least 50% of allocated treatment sessions, (iii) provided consent to be re-contacted, (iv) had not received further mental health interventions, and (v) were contactable were invited to take part. 57 families (29% of the original sample) , completed structured diagnostic interviews on average 50 months after treatment (39-61 months).
Results: At long-term follow-up, 79% of the assessed children who had received the treatment no longer met criteria for their primary diagnosis, 63% did not meet criteria for any anxiety disorder, and 61% did not meet criteria for any DSM-IV disorder. Treatment gains were mostly maintained (60%), and some children went on to recover during the follow-up period without additional input from mental health services (19%). Few young people had relapsed since their last assessment (12%). Mean scores on standardised symptom questionnaires were within the normal range.
Conclusions: Children who recovered from anxiety disorders following Brief Guided Parent delivered- CBT typically maintained good outcomes and few relapsed. These findings suggest that this is a viable first line, low intensity treatment approach. This study only included a small subsample of those in the original RCT (29%) and more information is required about those who dropped out of treatment and those that required further intervention immediately after treatment
Early and increased tuberculosis case detection: Implementation, measurement, and evaluation
No full textDespite substantial millions of people being treated by National Tuberculosis Control Programs (NTPs) and their partners over the last 25 years and millions of lives being saved, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many low- and middle-income countries and is currently estimated to kill 1.5 million people a year. Globally, the number of people diagnosed and notified to NTPs has hardly changed since 2007, meaning that more than three million people are ‘missed’ every year. While there are a number of well-designed research projects around improving case detection that have shown good results, the impact of wider programmatic initiatives on improving case detection in the post-DOTS expansion era have not been widely considered with only one community randomized controlled trial finding no significant impact on TB incidence of an enhanced case finding intervention. Different approaches need to be evaluated and findings discussed. How these findings may be applicable to national and global level policy needs further evaluation. This research has been done using TB REACH projects as a platform. TB REACH is in an initiative of the Stop TB Partnership that provides one year grants through an independent competitive selection process to institutions and organizations involved in TB control who present proposals aimed at increasing case finding. The initiative encourages local innovation and solutions that may not be funded elsewhere and requires detailed reporting on technical and financial progress and case finding data and an external dedicated monitoring and evaluation agency ensures the veracity of the data
Qualitative inquiry & research design : choosing among five approaches /
No full textLike the bestselling First Edition of Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, this new version explores the philosophical underpinnings, history, and key elements of each of five qualitative inquiry approaches: narrative research, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case study. Using an accesible and engaing writing style, author John W. Creswell compares theoretical frameworks, ways to employ standards of quality, and strategies for writing introductions to studies, collecting data, analyzing data, writing a narrative, and verifying results. New to the Second Edition: Brings the philosophical and theoretical orientations to the beginning of the book: This grounds students in the foundational thinking behind these methods much earlier. Gives broader coverage of narrative research: One of the original five approaches is expanded from "Biography" to "Narrative," thus exploring a wider range of narrative opportunities, biography still being one of them. Offers a much deeper discussion of interpretive approaches: There is much more emphasis on interpretive and postmodern perspectives such as feminism, ethnic and racism, and critical theory. Provides more specific steps for doing research within each approach: The actual procedure for each approach is discussed and includes the sub-types of qualitative research within each of the five approaches. Illustrates phenomenology and ethnography: Two new, recent sample journal articles: one covering a phenomenological study; the other on an ethnographic study are included. Includes additional examples: More examples from the human services add to the robust examples in education, sociology, and psychology already present in the text. Intended Audience: This is an excellent text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in introductory qualitative research methods across the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences.Previous ed. cataloged as: Qualitative inquiry and research design : choosing among five traditions / John W. Creswell.Includes bibliographical references and indexes.Like the bestselling First Edition of Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, this new version explores the philosophical underpinnings, history, and key elements of each of five qualitative inquiry approaches: narrative research, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case study. Using an accesible and engaing writing style, author John W. Creswell compares theoretical frameworks, ways to employ standards of quality, and strategies for writing introductions to studies, collecting data, analyzing data, writing a narrative, and verifying results. New to the Second Edition: Brings the philosophical and theoretical orientations to the beginning of the book: This grounds students in the foundational thinking behind these methods much earlier. Gives broader coverage of narrative research: One of the original five approaches is expanded from "Biography" to "Narrative," thus exploring a wider range of narrative opportunities, biography still being one of them. Offers a much deeper discussion of interpretive approaches: There is much more emphasis on interpretive and postmodern perspectives such as feminism, ethnic and racism, and critical theory. Provides more specific steps for doing research within each approach: The actual procedure for each approach is discussed and includes the sub-types of qualitative research within each of the five approaches. Illustrates phenomenology and ethnography: Two new, recent sample journal articles: one covering a phenomenological study; the other on an ethnographic study are included. Includes additional examples: More examples from the human services add to the robust examples in education, sociology, and psychology already present in the text. Intended Audience: This is an excellent text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in introductory qualitative research methods across the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences
Innovative approaches to end TB in Pakistan: a review of TB REACH projects from 2010 to 2020
No full textBACKGROUND:
TB REACH is a grant-making initiative launched by the Stop TB Partnership in January 2010 to support innovative approaches and technologies to find and treat people with active TB disease, drug-resistant TB, or TB infection. Since then, TB REACH has launched eight Waves of funding to pilot untested, but promising technologies, tools, and approaches. The objective of this paper was to review the grants implemented in Pakistan in the decade since TB REACH’s inception and to summarize the approaches used, document the results, and assess the impact of these projects on local and international policy.
METHODS:
We searched the TB REACH’s Grant Management System (GMS), which is a database for information on all grants awarded through the initiative, for recipient organisations in Pakistan from 2010 until June 2020. Data was abstracted for the following topic areas: type of grant, focus of work, case finding strategies, risk groups screened and impact on case finding.
RESULTS:
Through eight waves of funding, TB REACH has supported 28 grants for 21 different interventions in Pakistan worth a total of USD 13.4 million. Overall, 19 of these projects aimed to improve detection, linkage to treatment and reporting of TB and two were product innovation grants for developing resources and materials to aide TB service delivery.
CONCLUSION:
TB REACH support has facilitated the introduction of new technologies, establishment of innovative processes in both public and private sector and approaches for addressing TB in key populations. The TB response in Pakistan and globally will continue to require innovation and disruption of ‘business as usual' approaches if we are to End TB
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