39 research outputs found
Awareness and attitude of patients′ parents toward pulp therapy of the primary teeth: A clinical survey
No full textAims and Objective: The present study was carried out to find out the awareness and attitude of parents of patients, toward the pulpal treatment of primary teeth, visiting a dental hospital in a Bangalore suburban area. Materials and Methods: A total of 685 parents of the child patients requiring pulp treatment procedures visiting the dental OPD over a period of 18 months were personally interviewed with a questionnaire and their responses were immediately computed. Results: Urban populations seeking dental treatment are more in number as compared to the rural population. Pain and associated feature was the most common reason among both urban (71.92%) and rural (93.3%) patients visiting a dental office. Conclusions: It is important to create more awareness among the populace of our country about the significance of maintaining a healthy primary dentition and attendant sequalae if not done so
Foreword
No full textPublished: Sudha Setty, Foreword, 41 W. NEW ENG. L. REV. 1 (2019).
In this Article, the Author reflects on legal education and the role of law reviews. Law reviews not only serve as an educational opportunity, but offer potential legal reforms to help legal scholars, practitioners, and the public understand possible shortcomings of the current state of the law and help law and policy makers contemplate potential improvements
Neoliberal National Security: Wielding Counterterrorism Powers to Protect Economic Growth, in Liberalization and Globalization: Changing Legal Paradigm
No full textForthcoming: Sudha Setty, Neoliberal National Security: Wielding Counterterrorism Powers to Protect Economic Growth, in LIBERALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION: CHANGING LEGAL PARADIGM (National Law School of India University Book Series 2017), edited by Sairam Bhat.
The Indian government’s crackdown on anti-nationalist protest and its secret implementation of broad data collection and surveillance regime illustrates the dangers of empowering the government’s use of its vast powers to prevent, curtail or punish those who pose or are perceived to pose a threat to the economic security of India. This Book Chapter describes three strands to view with each other to understand the concern surrounding the use of counterterrorism powers to preserve neo-liberal goals in the face of criticism and protest.
These strands are the political imperative of the Indian government to protect and grow the economy while dealing with the fear that terrorism may derail India’s economic development; second, the inclusion of economic insecurity in the legal definition of a national security threat; and third, the vast powers granted to and used by intelligence and law enforcement agencies dealing with perceived national security threats with little judicial or other external constraint. The characterization of anti-nationalist protest as a form of sedition that led to the harsh treatment of the Jawaharlal Nehru University protesters and the largely secret but extremely broad Central Monitoring System data gathering and surveillance system are exemplars of concerns that arise with the granting of broad national security and counterterrorism powers and without strong oversight or constraint.
The Author proposes that Parliament reconsider its current authorization of the use of counterterrorism powers to deal with potential economic threats, and the courts be willing to look closely at cases that curtail the rights to expression, due process, and privacy in the name of economic security. If India is to ensure adherence to the rule of law while fulfilling the national priority of growing its economy, the Parliament courts and the public must insist on better transparency and accountability
Neoliberal National Security: Wielding Counterterrorism Powers to Protect Economic Growth, in Liberalization and Globalization: Changing Legal Paradigm
No full textForthcoming: Sudha Setty, Neoliberal National Security: Wielding Counterterrorism Powers to Protect Economic Growth, in LIBERALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION: CHANGING LEGAL PARADIGM (National Law School of India University Book Series 2017), edited by Sairam Bhat.
The Indian government’s crackdown on anti-nationalist protest and its secret implementation of broad data collection and surveillance regime illustrates the dangers of empowering the government’s use of its vast powers to prevent, curtail or punish those who pose or are perceived to pose a threat to the economic security of India. This Book Chapter describes three strands to view with each other to understand the concern surrounding the use of counterterrorism powers to preserve neo-liberal goals in the face of criticism and protest.
These strands are the political imperative of the Indian government to protect and grow the economy while dealing with the fear that terrorism may derail India’s economic development; second, the inclusion of economic insecurity in the legal definition of a national security threat; and third, the vast powers granted to and used by intelligence and law enforcement agencies dealing with perceived national security threats with little judicial or other external constraint. The characterization of anti-nationalist protest as a form of sedition that led to the harsh treatment of the Jawaharlal Nehru University protesters and the largely secret but extremely broad Central Monitoring System data gathering and surveillance system are exemplars of concerns that arise with the granting of broad national security and counterterrorism powers and without strong oversight or constraint.
The Author proposes that Parliament reconsider its current authorization of the use of counterterrorism powers to deal with potential economic threats, and the courts be willing to look closely at cases that curtail the rights to expression, due process, and privacy in the name of economic security. If India is to ensure adherence to the rule of law while fulfilling the national priority of growing its economy, the Parliament courts and the public must insist on better transparency and accountability
Neoliberal National Security: Wielding Counterterrorism Powers to Protect Economic Growth, in Liberalization and Globalization: Changing Legal Paradigm
No full textForthcoming: Sudha Setty, Neoliberal National Security: Wielding Counterterrorism Powers to Protect Economic Growth, in LIBERALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION: CHANGING LEGAL PARADIGM (National Law School of India University Book Series 2017), edited by Sairam Bhat.
The Indian government’s crackdown on anti-nationalist protest and its secret implementation of broad data collection and surveillance regime illustrates the dangers of empowering the government’s use of its vast powers to prevent, curtail or punish those who pose or are perceived to pose a threat to the economic security of India. This Book Chapter describes three strands to view with each other to understand the concern surrounding the use of counterterrorism powers to preserve neo-liberal goals in the face of criticism and protest.
These strands are the political imperative of the Indian government to protect and grow the economy while dealing with the fear that terrorism may derail India’s economic development; second, the inclusion of economic insecurity in the legal definition of a national security threat; and third, the vast powers granted to and used by intelligence and law enforcement agencies dealing with perceived national security threats with little judicial or other external constraint. The characterization of anti-nationalist protest as a form of sedition that led to the harsh treatment of the Jawaharlal Nehru University protesters and the largely secret but extremely broad Central Monitoring System data gathering and surveillance system are exemplars of concerns that arise with the granting of broad national security and counterterrorism powers and without strong oversight or constraint.
The Author proposes that Parliament reconsider its current authorization of the use of counterterrorism powers to deal with potential economic threats, and the courts be willing to look closely at cases that curtail the rights to expression, due process, and privacy in the name of economic security. If India is to ensure adherence to the rule of law while fulfilling the national priority of growing its economy, the Parliament courts and the public must insist on better transparency and accountability
SparCAssist: A Model Risk Assessment Assistant Based on Sparse Generated Counterfactuals
No full textWe introduce SparCAssist, a general-purpose risk assessment tool for the machine learning models trained for language tasks. It evaluates models' risk by inspecting their behavior on counterfactuals, namely out-of-distribution instances generated based on the given data instance. The counterfactuals are generated by replacing tokens in rational subsequences identified by ExPred, while the replacements are retrieved using HotFlip or the Masked-Language-Model-based algorithms. The main purpose of our system is to help the human annotators to assess the model's risk on deployment. The counterfactual instances generated during the assessment are the by-product and can be used to train more robust NLP models in the future.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Web Information System
Searching, Learning, and Subtopic Ordering: A Simulation-Based Analysis
No full textComplex search tasks—such as those from the Search as Learning (SAL) domain—often result in users developing an information need composed of several aspects. However, current models of searcher behaviour assume that individuals have an atomic need, regardless of the task. While these models generally work well for simpler informational needs, we argue that searcher models need to be developed further to allow for the decomposition of a complex search task into multiple aspects. As no searcher model yet exists that considers both aspects and the SAL domain, we propose, by augmenting the Complex Searcher Model (CSM), the Subtopic Aware Complex Searcher Model (SACSM)—modelling aspects as subtopics to the user’s need. We then instantiate several agents (i.e., simulated users), with different subtopic selection strategies, which can be considered as different prototypical learning strategies (e.g., should I deeply examine one subtopic at a time, or shallowly cover several subtopics?). Finally, we report on the first large-scale simulated analysis of user behaviours in the SAL domain. Results demonstrate that the SACSM, under certain conditions, simulates user behaviours accurately.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Web Information System
Evaluating the Robustness of Retrieval Pipelines with Query Variation Generators
No full textHeavily pre-trained transformers for language modeling, such as BERT, have shown to be remarkably effective for Information Retrieval (IR) tasks, typically applied to re-rank the results of a first-stage retrieval model. IR benchmarks evaluate the effectiveness of retrieval pipelines based on the premise that a single query is used to instantiate the underlying information need. However, previous research has shown that (I) queries generated by users for a fixed information need are extremely variable and, in particular, (II) neural models are brittle and often make mistakes when tested with modified inputs. Motivated by those observations we aim to answer the following question: how robust are retrieval pipelines with respect to different variations in queries that do not change the queries’ semantics? In order to obtain queries that are representative of users’ querying variability, we first created a taxonomy based on the manual annotation of transformations occurring in a dataset (UQV100) of user-created query variations. For each syntax-changing category of our taxonomy, we employed different automatic methods that when applied to a query generate a query variation. Our experimental results across two datasets for two IR tasks reveal that retrieval pipelines are not robust to these query variations, with effectiveness drops of ≈ 20 % on average. The code and datasets are available at https://github.com/Guzpenha/query_variation_generators.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Web Information System
QuestGen: Effectiveness of Question Generation Methods for Fact-Checking Applications
No full textVerifying fact-checking claims poses a significant challenge, even for humans. Recent approaches have demonstrated that decomposing claims into relevant questions to gather evidence enhances the efficiency of the fact-checking process. In this paper, we provide empirical evidence showing that this question decomposition can be effectively automated. We demonstrate that smaller generative models, fine-tuned for the question generation task using data augmentation from various datasets, outperform large language models by up to 8%. Surprisingly, in some cases, the evidence retrieved using machine-generated questions proves to be significantly more effective for fact-checking than that obtained from human-written questions. We also perform manual evaluation of the decomposed questions to assess the quality of the questions generated.Accepted in CIKM 2024 as a short paper 4 pages and 1 page references. Fixed typo in author nam
National Security Without Secret Laws: How Other Nations Balance National Security Interests and Transparency of the Law
No full textThis Article explores the issues surrounding, and the arguments against, secret law by providing an international comparative perspective. As an example of secret law, the Author cites the lack of transparency surrounding the Bush Administration Department of Justice’s Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) March 2003 torture policy memorandum, which was kept secret for years before being declassified and disclosed in April 2008 in response to a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit. The Author examines the justifications given for nondisclosure, such as arguments that disclosure is incompatible with prioritizing national security. In brief, the Author rejects such a formulation, stating “[t]he claim that national security threats require secret law and an unprecedented lack of transparency is undermined by comparison with other nations.” To make this point, the Issue Brief describes how other nations that face severe national security threats—-such as India, Israel, and the United Kingdom—-maintain transparency and public accessibility for national security legal policy. The Author observes that the Obama administration appears committed to greater transparency, yet she concludes by urging “serious consideration of structural reform to ensure objectivity, transparency, and political accountability at OLC from administration to administration.
