26 research outputs found
Characterization of nanoemulsion from ethanolic extract of centella asiatica (nanoseca) for memory and cognitive enhancement / Nor Atiqah Jusril
No full textThe evidence of the neuroprotective impact of Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) has been documented in recent years. It is a medicinal plant that possesses extensive antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. However, a major obstacle that remains to be overcome is the capacity of the active molecules in C. asiatica to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, the present study developed a nanoemulsion from selected ethanolic extract of C. asiatica to improve brain bioavailability. C. asiatica accessions (CA-K017, CA-K018, CA-K019) were characterized and extracted, designated as SECA-K017, SECA-K018, SECA-K019. In addition, major triterpenes of SECA were identified and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). D-optimal mixture design was used to determine the optimal oil, water, and surfactant concentration. In this view, the biological activities of triterpenes, SECA accessions and NanoSECA were explored via in vitro (SH-SY5Y and RAW 264.7 cells) system. The antioxidant and anti inflammatory activities were also evaluated in vitro using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Meanwhile, anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was investigated using Ellman’s Spectrophotometric Method. Moreover, molecular docking was performed on active constituents of SECA. The prediction of substance permeability across biological membrane systems was evaluated using a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). In vivo, experimental procedures were conducted on acute and sub-acute toxicity, neurobehavioral assessment, and preliminary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) study. The potential of NanoSECA in improving memory and cognitive functions was explored in the neurobehavioral task (Morris Water Maze), and biochemical assays AChE and ACh, antioxidant (glutathione; GSH and malondialdehyde; MDA) and anti-inflammatory (nitrite; NO, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TNF-α and prostaglandin E2; PGE2). Results revealed that all accession contains a higher proportion of glycosides than the aglycones, with madecassoside in the highest proportion, followed by asiatic acid. It was found that the optimized NanoSECA has a particle size of 127.833 ± 8.280 nm, zeta potential (ZP) of -24.9 ± 0.011 m V, and polydispersity index (PDI) of -0.493 ± 4.681. All tested samples showed no toxicity effect at the concentration tested since its IC50 could not be determined in a concentration ranging from 7.8125 to 1000 µg/mL. Results revealed that treatment with NanoSECA significantly suppressed reactive oxygen species and moderately attenuated the nitrite and AChE production. This further reveals that madecassic acid and asiatic acid prevented acetylcholine (ACh) molecules from interacting with binding site residues, thus obstructing the hydrolysis reaction. This would cause an elevated ACh concentration, eventually increasing cholinergic transmission. NanoSECA tended to exhibit higher blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation values (Pe: 15.19 ± 0.3 10-6 cm.s-1 ). Acute toxicity study revealed non-toxic of NanoSECA until a dose of 2000 mg/kg. However, a sub-acute toxicity study showed no mortality but mild congestion in several organs. Findings revealed that NanoSECA could be used as a memory enhancer through cholinergic activity, increased anti oxidant levels, and reduced oxidative stress. On the other hand, the analytical method for NanoSECA administration was well developed and validated
In vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of apple and date vinegar extracts added with centella asiatica / Nor Atiqah Jusril
No full textNeuroinflammation and oxidative stress are major factors of neurodegenerative damage correlated to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It results primarily from overproduction of oxidative stress that induce activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines causing to neuronal death. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of apple and date vinegar added with Centella asiatica in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The neuroprotective effect of apple or date vinegar added with various percentage of C. asiatica (0, 0.5, 2, 5%) was determined in vitro. The methanolic extract of apple vinegar added with C. asiatica [AV-CA (2%)] and date vinegar added with C. asiatica [DV-CA (2%)] extracts showed potent neuroprotective effect. Both extracts were subjected to liquid-liquid partitioning yielded aqueous (H20: AV-CA/DV-CA) and ethyl acetate (EA: AV-CA/DV-CA) at [2% CA] extracts. All of extracts were tested for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti- acetylcholinesterase activities. Anti-inflammatory response against nitric oxide (NO) was measured in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Meanwhile, the intercellular reactive oxygen species ROS inhibition was measured as antioxidant activity and percentage inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was measured by using commercially available kit's test. In general, all extracts significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited NO production without affecting cell viability. EA-DVCA extract showed better NO production inhibition and induced more attenuation effect on nitrite production with an IC50 value of 563.5 ±0.13 ug/mL. Furthermore, EA: AV-CA extract showed a high percentage ROS inhibition with an IC50 value of 17.54 ± 0.40 ug/mL. Strongest AChE inhibition activity was observed in EA: DV-CA (2%) with (IC50 = 9.087 ug/mL. It is suggested that the ameliorating effect of EA: DV-CA (2%) on LPSinduced neuroinflammation and memory deficit seems to be attenuated via antiinflammatory, inhibition of reactive oxygen species and AChE activities
Indonesia’s Support Dynamics Toward Israel: Between Solidarity and National Interests
No full textThis paper explores the dynamics of the Indonesian government and society's support for Israel. By highlighting the attitudes of leaders, religious groups, movements, and various expressions in the media. By using qualitative methods, data obtained through library research and historical and discourse approaches to look deeply at symptoms and phenomena that have occurred and are likely to occur. This research reveals that public attitudes are influenced by religious identity, humanitarian values, and historical narratives disseminated through the media and religious organizations. Solidarity with Palestine has become an integral part of Islamic expression that is deeply rooted in society, driving social movements such as demonstrations, fundraising campaigns, and boycotts of products affiliated with Israel. Religious leaders, Islamic organizations, and social media play an important role in shaping collective perceptions that tend to reject the normalization of relations with Israel. Indonesia's foreign policy towards Israel is based on the principles of anti-colonialism and solidarity with the Palestinian cause. Political, ideological, and societal pressures have shaped this policy, with public opinion largely opposed to normalizing relations with Israel. Nevertheless, economic and trade interactions continue on an informal basis. This research concludes that Indonesian attitudes towards Israel are not only influenced by state policy but also by socio-religious factors that shape transnational solidarity and the collective identity of Muslim communities
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM MONITORING DAN PENGENDALI KEBOCORAN GAS BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR GAS MQ DAN SENSOR API
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan sistem pemantauan dan pengendalian kebocoran gas berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) menggunakan sensor gas MQ dan sensor api. Sistem ini mampu mendeteksi kebocoran gas dan kebakaran secara otomatis, serta memberikan peringatan dini melalui aplikasi Blynk. Selain itu, sistem secara otomatis menutup katup gas dan mengaktifkan pompa air mini untuk knalpot api jika kebakaran terdeteksi. Komponen alat utama ini terdiri dari sensor gas MQ, sensor api, mikrokontroler NodeMCU, motor servo, pompa air mini, dan aplikasi Blynk. Sensor gas MQ mendeteksi kadar gas LPG dan metana, sementara sensor api mendeteksi keberadaan api. Saat kadar gas melebihi ambang batas atau api terdeteksi, notifikasi dikirim ke pengguna melalui aplikasi Blynk, katup gas ditutup, dan pompa air mini diaktifkan untuk menyalurkan api. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem ini berfungsi dengan baik dalam mendeteksi kebocoran gas dan api, serta memberikan respon yang cepat dan akurat. Alat ini dapat meningkatkan keamanan di rumah tangga dan industri kecil, serta memberikan perlindungan dari risiko kebakaran dan kebocoran gas. Implementasi IoT memungkinkan pemantauan dan pengendalian jarak jauh secara real-time.Kata Kunci: kebocoran gas, kebakaran , Internet Of Things , Blynk, sensor gas MQ, Sensor api.
Studi Kritik terhadap Hadis Riwayat Abu Daud pada Bab Ukuran Sutrah dalam Kitab Syarh As Sunnah Karya Al-Baghawi
No full textHasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hadis tersebut berkualitas hasan lighairihi, Kandungan hadis ukuran surtrah riwayat Abu Daud adalah anjuran untuk meletakkan sesuatu benda yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sutrah jika tidak menemukan maka hendaklah menancapkan tongkat, jika tiak menemukan maka hendaklah dia membuat garis maka tidak memudharatkan apa yang lewat di depannya. Imam Ah}mad memberikan bentuk garis seperti bulan sabit
COVID-19 in Indonesia: Where Are We?
No full textSince the 1st case officially confirmed on the last March 2020, Indonesia recorded more than 1000 new cases daily. The national trend shows no sign of decrease as 19 September 2020 the report sets a new mark of 4000 new cases in a day. The concept of controlling disease transmission relies on contacts suppression; and on the longer end, relies on vaccinations. As 27 September 2020, no vaccine is approved for use in the general population. Until then, countries should implement early, widespread, and strict disease mitigation strategies. While much remains to be learned on COVID-19, global evidence assert at least three strategies at the population level contributes to flatten the curve: mobility restriction, testing and isolation and rigorous contact-tracing.Indonesia is not on entire absences of actions, but the epidemic calls for more. The central government called for social distancing two weeks after the first case confirmed and regulation on the large scale social distancing (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar/ PSBB) that restrict non-essential population mobility is enacted by April 2020. Recent evidence outlines test, tracing and isolation are effective in suppressing COVID-19 transmission. Minimizing testing and tracing delay, less than four days with coverage of 80% close contacts could prevent and reduce onwards transmission.That we need to more is indisputable. The vaccine is not a magic bullet; it is a long-term control measure and should be a complete series of careful and precise examinations. Indonesia will also likely require high coverage of vaccination to achieve herd immunity. At present, if there is no significant improvement in the coverage of preventive measures in the population and disease surveillance system, our hospital will be overwhelmed, and case fatality will be devastating
Effect of drying methods towards antioxidant properties of Pandanus amaryllifolius tea
No full textAccess is limited to UniMAP community.Drying is the common way to preserve the quality of aromatic and bioactive compounds in medicinal plants. The goal of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity, phenolic content, chlorophyll content and phytochemical of different types of drying methods and to propose the best method to produce a good tea. The leaves were dried by using two types of drying methods which are microwave drying and oven drying at the conditions 35 °C for 48 h and 540 W for 4 minutes. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were determined using Folin Ciacalteu (FC) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) methods respectively. Meanwhile, total chlorophyll content (TCC) and Phytochemicals
were determined using acetone extraction and phytochemical screening methods
respectively. TPC was higher in microwave drying (0.623 mg/GAE) and oven drying
(0.417 mg/GAE). In addition, antioxidant activity was higher in IC50 values for microwave
drying (6.379 g/GAE g/mL) compared to oven drying (9.339 g/GAE g/mL) respectively.
Furthermore, it was observed that TCC in microwave dried leaves was highest (9.540 mg/g) compared with oven dried leaves (9.204 mg/g). Moreover, bioactive compounds of
Pandanus amaryllifolius were determined by phytochemical screening test and results
indicate the positive results there which are presence of phenolics, saponins, terpenoids and flavonoids
UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KASAR HATI POHON PISANG AMBON (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) TERHADAP BAKTERI Pseudomanas fluorescens SECARA IN VITRO
No full textPenyakit merupakan salah satu penyebab dimana kedaan ikan yang tidak normal yang disebabkan oleh organisme lain. Bakteri yang biasanya menyebabkan penyakit pada ikan budidaya yaitu bakteri P. fluorescens. Pengobatan penyakit ini yang disebabkan oleh bakteri ini yaitu dengan menggunakan antibiotik, namun penggunaan antibiotik menyebabkan resistensi dan pencemaran lingkungan. Penggunaan bahan alami menjadi alternatif untuk pengobatan yaitu dengan menggunakan bahan alami Hati pohon pisang ambon (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) yang mengandung senyawa antibakteri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan eksperimen dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan, dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan dari dari 0 ppm, 30 ppm, 60 ppm, 90 ppm, 120 ppm, dan 150 ppm. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan rerata diameter zona bening tertinggi dengan dosis 150 ppm sebesar 10,35 ± 0,48 mm, dan diameter zona bening terendah dengan dosis 0 ppm sebesar 6,00 ± 0,00 mm. Diameter zona bening antar perlakuan menunjukkan grafik linear dengan persamaan y= 7,0544 + 0,0237x dan koefisien R2 = 0,7936
AL SULUK AL JINSIYYI FI AL RIWAYAH IMARAT YA'QUBIYAN LI 'ALA AL ASWANI (DIRASAH TAHLILIYYAH FI SAHAT AL INTAJ AL THAQAFI PIERRE BOURDIEU)
No full textPenelitian ini mengangkat dan menelaah apa yang melatar belakangi lahirnya Perilaku Seksual pada novel 'Imārat Ya'qūbiyān karya Alā al-Aswāni. Sebuah novel yang di dalamnya menggambarkan pertarungan berbagai aktor untuk mendapatkan kehidupan yang layak dengan berbagai pengorbanan, pengorbanan merupakan sebuah langkah yang mau tidak mau diambil sebagai jalan pintas untuk cepat mendapatkan alat pemenuhan kebutuhan. Pengorbanan ini adalah menjalin hubungan dengan aktor yang memiliki modal dengan melakukan prilaku seksual. Perilaku seksual yang ada dalam novel 'Imārat Ya'qūbiyān merupakan kritik dari Pengarang yang menggambarkan keadaan sosial, ekonomi, politik dan budaya yang kacau. Melihat adanya dinamika pola kehidupan dalam novel 'Imārat Ya'qūbiyān, peneliti akan membukanya dengan menguraikan masalah ini dengan mengaplikasikan Teori Arena Produksi Kultural Pierre Bourdieu dengan berbagai komponen analisis seperti, Praktik, Habitus, Arena, Modal, Agen, Kelas. Supaya perilaku seksual yang dilakukan tokoh-tokoh dalam novel 'Imārat Ya'qūbiyān dapat diketahui latarbelakangnya. Penelitian yang dikategorikan sebagai penelitian kualitatif dengan menerapkan metode deskriptif analisis dan data yang bersumber dari novel 'Imārat Ya'qūbiyān. Seksualitas, dalam prespektif sosial merupakan satu bentuk tindakan yang tabu dan harus dibuka untuk mengetahui apa yang melatarbelakanginya, khususnya dalam konteks sastra. Di dalam novel Al-'Imārat Ya'qūbiyān, dalam konteks Mesir, tokoh-tokohnya melakukan perilaku seksual dengan berbagai pengaruh mencakup ekonomi, politik, sosial, budaya. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa atmosfer revolusi Mesir pada tahun 1952 memberi dampak pada agen-agen dalam Novel 'Imārat Ya'qūbiyān. Chaos menjadi sebuah gambaran yang terjadi pada waktu itu. Perubahan ekonomi, politik, sosial, budaya terjadi secara bersamaan dan berdampak pada agen-agen seperti Busainah, Rabab, Abduh. Sedangkan agen-agen yang memiliki modal seperti Zaki Bey, Hatim, Tuan Tallal, Haji Azzam, tidak terlalu terdampak. Agen-agen yang tidak memiliki modal akan tereliminasi dari arena dan ekonomi menjadi pengaruh yang mendasari lahirnya Perilaku Seksual. Perilaku seksual didasari karena keinginan menaikan kelas sosial, perjuangan untuk menaikan kelas sosial membutuhkan modal dan strategi, yaitu dengan melakukan perilaku sesual sebagai jalan keluar
Effectiveness of Administering Red Belt Leaf Extract (Piper Crocatum) Against Aeromonas Hydrophila Bacteria in Vitro
No full textDiseases caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Aeromonas hydrophila are a major health concern. However, the use of red betel leaves (P. crocatum) can serve as a potential solution to this problem due to their antibacterial properties. This research aimed to study the antibacterial activity of red betel leaf extract (P. crocatum), the structure and character of the bacteria inhibited by the extract, and the bioactive components present in the leaves. The results of the disc test showed that the average zone of inhibition was 14.28 mm, while the MIC test results revealed that a dose of 100 mg/L could inhibit bacterial growth (bacteriostatic). Moreover, the crude extract of red betel leaf (P. crocatum) damaged the cell walls and cell membranes of A. hydrophila bacteria, thereby affecting their character and structure. The UV-VIS analysis of red betel leaf extract (P. crocatum) and FTIR analysis with 96% ethanol absorption indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. These findings suggest that red betel leaves can be used as a natural remedy to fight bacterial infections caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Aeromonas hydrophil
