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Uji Aktivitas Antidiabetes Teripang (Stichopus hermanii) dalam Bentuk Ekstrak dan Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLN)
No full textDiabetes mellitus is a disease that is increasing from year to year. The use of animal natural ingredients has been carried out by the community since a long time ago, especially for medicinal purposes, one of which is sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) which contains alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, arginine amino acid content, glutamic acid, and glycine which can provide anti-diabetic effects.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the simplicia of the sea cucumbers under study to meet the quality requirements of the simplicia in general. And evaluating the antidiabetic potential of sea cucumber ethanol extract (SEE) and Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLN) in male rats induced by Streptozotocin (STZ)
This research is an experimental study, covering phytochemical screening to test the antidiabetic effect in the form of ethanol extract of sea cucumber and SLN. SLN is made by high speed homogenization method. Testing the antidiabetic effect in mice using the oral glucose tolerance test method and the antidiabetic effect test with streptozotocin induction. The resulting data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) then continued with the Post Hoc Tukey HSD test to see the differences between treatments.
The administration of sea cucumber ethanol extract and Solid Lipid Nanoparticle showed a significant effect of decreasing blood glucose levels in rats (p 0.05) against the metformin group and significantly different from CMC Na in decreasing blood glucose using the oral glucose tolerance test method and the antidiabetic effect test using the streptozotocin induction method. Whereas in the SLN GMS group of 2.5% dose of 200 mg / kg bw at 120 minutes, this group was not significantly different (p> 0.05) against the metformin group and significantly different from the CMC Na group in reducing blood glucose levels by the tolerance test method. oral glucose and testing for the antidiabetic effect by the streptozotocin induction method.
SEE and SLN were able to reduce blood glucose levels in white rats and have an antidiabetic effect on streptozotocin-induced male rats. There is a content of amino acids arginine, glutamic acid, glycine and the presence of alkaloid and saponin secondary metabolites which have antidiabetic potential. The SLN obtained from the ethanol extract of sea cucumbers was able to significantly reduce blood glucose levels of white rats compared to the ethanol extract of sea cucumbers. The optimal dose of SEE in reducing blood glucose levels in rats induced by streptozotocin is 800 mg / kg bw. Meanwhile, the SLN dose in reducing blood glucose levels in rats induced by strepetozotocin is starting from 200 mg / kgDiabetes melitus salah satu penyakit yang meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Pemanfaatan bahan alam hewani dilakukan masyarakat sejak dulu terutama untuk keperluan pegobatan, salah satunya teripang (Stichopus hermanii) yang mengandung alkaloid, saponin, glikosida, kandungan asam amino arginin, asam glutamate, dan glisin yang dapat memberikan efek antidiabetes. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik simplisia teripang yang diteliti memenuhi persyaratan mutu simplisia secara umum dan mengevaluasi potensi antidiabetes ekstrak etanol teripang (EET) dan Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLN) pada tikus putih jantan diinduksi Streptozotocin (STZ).
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental, meliputi skrining fitokimia pengujian efek antidiabetes dalam bentuk ekstrak etanol teripang dan SLN. SLN dibuat dengan metode homogenisasi kecepatan tinggi. Pengujian efek antidiabetes pada tikus putih jantan menggunakan metode tes toleransi glukosa oral dan uji efek antidiabetes dengan induksi streptozotocin. Data hasil dianalisis Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) kemudian dilanjutkan uji Post Hoc Tukey HSD untuk melihat perbedaan antar perlakuan.
Pemberian ekstrak etanol teripang dan Solid Lipid Nanoparticle menunjukkan efek penurunan kadar glukosa darah (KGD) tikus putih jantan yang bermakna (p0,05) terhadap kelompok metformin dan berbeda signifikan terhadap CMC Na dalam penurunan glukosa darah dengan metode uji toleransi glukosa oral dan pengujian efek antidiabetes dengan metode induksi streptozotocin. Sedangkan pada kelompok SLN GMS 2,5% dosis 200 mg/kg bb di menit 120, kelompok ini tidak berbeda signifikan (p>0,05) terhadap kelompok metformin dan berbeda signifikan terhadap kelompok CMC Na dalam penurunan kada glukosa darah dengan metode uji toleransi glukosa oral dan pengujian efek antidiabetes dengan metode induksi streptozotocin.
EET dan SLN mampu menurunkan KGD pada tikus putih jantan dan memiliki efek antidiabetes diinduksi streptozotocin. Terdapat kandungan asam amino arginin, asam glutamat, glisin serta adanya metabolit sekunder alkaloid dan saponin yang berpotensi sebagai antidiabetes. SLN yang diperoleh dari ekstrak etanol teripang mampu menurunkan KGD tikus putih jantan secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan ekstrak etanol teripang. Dosis optimal EET dalam menurunkan KGD pada tikus putih jantan yang diinduksi streptozotocin adalah 800 mg / kg bb. Sedangkan dosis SLN dalam menurunkan KGD pada tikus putih jantan yang diinduksi strepetozotocin mulai dari 200 mg/kg.142 HalamanTesis Magiste
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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