160 research outputs found
Coevolution of climate, demography and food systems in North and South America
No full textOne of the less well-understood problems in paleoscience is the role of climate as a modulator of long-term changes in human demography, and, in turn, how changes in human demography influence climate because demography also determines how individuals choose to modify ecosystems. Our workshop compared the long-term interaction between climate, human population change and the organization of social systems to understand the coevolution of Social and Ecological Systems (SES). The feedbacks between climate, ecosystems and social systems may lead to threshold changes in the organization of SES (Anderies et al. 2013). Paleoscience is critical for understanding how and when interactions between climate, ecosystems, and human systems reach threshold-state changes. Such understanding is important because contemporary SES must adapt to population growth and climate change, and insights gained from past SES may informsustainable development in the contemporary world.Fil: Freeman, Jacob. State University of Utah; Estados UnidosFil: Gil, Adolfo Fabian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Cárdenas, M. L.. University of Reading; Reino UnidoFil: Byers, D. A.. State University of Utah; Estados UnidosFil: Cannon, M. B.. State University of Utah; Estados UnidosFil: Capriles, J. M.. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados UnidosFil: Latorre, C.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chil
Tolerance to coxibs in patients with intolerance to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) : a systematic structured review of the literature
No full textAdverse events triggered by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most common drug-related intolerance reactions in medicine; they are possibly related to inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1. Coxibs, preferentially inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2, may therefore represent safe alternatives in patients with NSAID intolerance. We reviewed the literature in a systematic and structured manner to identify and evaluate studies on the tolerance of coxibs in patients with NSAID intolerance. We searched MEDLINE (1966–2006), the COCHRANE LIBRARY (4th Issue 2006) and EMBASE (1966–2006) up to December 9, 2006, and analysed all publications included using a predefined evaluation sheet. Symptoms and severity of adverse events to coxibs were analysed based on all articles comprising such information. Subsequently, the probability for adverse events triggered by coxibs was determined on analyses of double-blind prospective trials only. Among 3,304 patients with NSAID intolerance, 119 adverse events occurred under coxib medication. All adverse events, except two, have been allergic/urticarial in nature; none was lethal, but two were graded as life-threatening (grade 4). The two non-allergic adverse events were described as a grade 1 upper respiratory tract haemorrhage, and a grade 1 gastrointestinal symptom, respectively. In 13 double-blind prospective studies comprising a total of 591 patients with NSAID intolerance, only 13 adverse reactions to coxib provocations were observed. The triggering coxibs were rofecoxib (2/286), celecoxib (6/208), etoricoxib (4/56), and valdecoxib (1/41). This review documents the good tolerability of coxibs in patients with NSAID intolerance, for whom access to this class of drugs for short-term treatment of pain and inflammation is advantageous
Alienación, comunicación y consumo: Retos del socialismo del siglo XXI
No full textEl concepto marxista de alienación
se aproxima a este fenómeno desde su
vinculación con las relaciones económicas de
producción. En este artículo, el autor parte de
ese concepto para explorar sus implicaciones
comunicativas y ecológicas. Un socialismo que
no caiga en el reduccionismo económico debe
considerar estos factores para ser una verdadera
alternativa a la alienación capitalista.Marxist concept of alienation is
pretty linked with the economic production relations.
In this paper, the author explores the
communicative and ecologic implications
of this phenomenon. To be a veritable alternative
to Capitalist alienation, Socialism
must consider these factors and overcome
the economic reductionism
La nouvelle recherche latino-américaine en communication
No full textOver the past decade, Latin America has become a leading center of communication research and social intervention. Nurtured by North American theory and practices, new models of communication research began to grow out of this dominant influence and, in many ways, in opposition to it. The author traces the evolution of this intellectual undertaking which is relatively unknown, if not resisted , in North America and elsewhere.L'Amérique latine constitue depuis quelques années un des foyers mondiaux de recherche et d'intervention en communication. Développée d'abord sous la gouverne théorique et pratique d'institutions nord-américaines , une partie de cette recherche s'en est progressivement dégagée et a élaboré, à la fois à partir de cette approche dominante et contre elle, de nouveaux modèles de communication . L'auteur trace ici les grandes lignes de l'évolution de cette recherche nouvelle, méconnue ou plutôt «refoulée » par trop de chercheurs d'Amérique du Nord et d'ailleurs.La América Latina constituye desde hace algunos años uno de los centros mundiales de investigación y de intervención en comunicación. Desarrollada primero bajo el control teórico y práctico de instituciones norteamericanas, una parte de esta investigación se ha ido separando progresivamente de esta dependencia y ha elaborado, a partir de esa visión dominante y contra ella a la vez, nuevos modelos de comunicación. El autor traza aquí las grandes líneas de la evolución de esta investigación nueva, mal conocida o más bien, rechazada por gran número de investigadores de América del Norte y de otros lugares.Capriles Oswaldo. La nouvelle recherche latino-américaine en communication. In: Communication Information, volume 5 n°1, automne 1982. pp. 96-144
Palaeo-geoecological significance of Pleistocene trees in the Lluta Valley, Atacama Desert
No full textIn the Lluta Valley, northern Chile, climate is hyperarid and vegetation is restricted to the valley floors and lowermost footslopes. Fossil tree trunks and leaves of predominantly Escallonia angustifolia, however, are abundant up to ∼15 m above the present valley floor, where they are intercalated with slope deposits, reflecting higher water levels in the past. A total of 17 samples have been radiocarbon dated, yielding ages between 38 and 15k cal a BP. The youngest ages of 15.4k cal a BP are interpreted as reflecting the beginning of river incision and lowering of the valley floor, impeding the further growth of trees at higher parts of the slopes. The most plausible scenario for this observation is intensified river incision after 15.4k cal a BP due to increased stream power and runoff from the Río Lluta headwaters in the Western Cordillera and Altiplano corresponding to the highstand of the Tauca and Central Andean Pluvial Event (CAPE) wet phase
Species Distribution and in Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Oral Yeast Isolates from Tanzanian HIV-Infected Patients With Primary and Recurrent Oropharyngeal Candidiasis.
No full text\ud
In Tanzania, little is known on the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of yeast isolates from HIV-infected patients with primary and recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis. A total of 296 clinical oral yeasts were isolated from 292 HIV-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis at the Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Identification of the yeasts was performed using standard phenotypic methods. Antifungal susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, amphotericin B and nystatin was assessed using a broth microdilution format according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI; M27-A2). Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species from 250 (84.5%) patients followed by C. glabrata from 20 (6.8%) patients, and C. krusei from 10 (3.4%) patients. There was no observed significant difference in species distribution between patients with primary and recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis, but isolates cultured from patients previously treated were significantly less susceptible to the azole compounds compared to those cultured from antifungal naïve patients. C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species from patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. Oral yeast isolates from Tanzania had high level susceptibility to the antifungal agents tested. Recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis and previous antifungal therapy significantly correlated with reduced susceptibility to azoles antifungal agents.\u
Early and Middle Holocene Hunter-Gatherer Occupations in Western Amazonia: The Hidden Shell Middens
No full textWe report on previously unknown early archaeological sites in the Bolivian lowlands, demonstrating for the first time early and middle Holocene human presence in western Amazonia. Multidisciplinary research in forest islands situated in seasonally-inundated savannahs has revealed stratified shell middens produced by human foragers as early as 10,000 years ago, making them the oldest archaeological sites in the region. The absence of stone resources and partial burial by recent alluvial sediments has meant that these kinds of deposits have, until now, remained unidentified. We conducted core sampling, archaeological excavations and an interdisciplinary study of the stratigraphy and recovered materials from three shell midden mounds. Based on multiple lines of evidence, including radiocarbon dating, sedimentary proxies (elements, steroids and black carbon), micromorphology and faunal analysis, we demonstrate the anthropogenic origin and antiquity of these sites. In a tropical and geomorphologically active landscape often considered challenging both for early human occupation and for the preservation of hunter-gatherer sites, the newly discovered shell middens provide evidence for early to middle Holocene occupation and illustrate the potential for identifying and interpreting early open-air archaeological sites in western Amazonia. The existence of early hunter-gatherer sites in the Bolivian lowlands sheds new light on the region's past and offers a new context within which the late Holocene "Earthmovers" of the Llanos de Moxos could have emerged. © 2013 Lombardo et al
Community and Ritual on the Copacabana Peninsula (800 BC - AD 200)
No full textThis dissertation explored the impacts of socio-economic changes in the Titicaca Basin of Bolivia and Peru during the Early Horizon (800 - 50 BC) and Early Intermediate period (50 BC - AD 600). Prior archaeological research has shown that this was a time of dramatic social and economic transformation as shown by the domestication of plants and animals, establishment of sedentary settlements, and the development of long-distance trade networks (Bandy 2004; Bruno and Whitehead 20003; Burger et al. 2000; Capriles et al. 2014; K. Chávez 1989; Chávez and Thompson 2006; Chávez 2012; Erickson 1985, 2000; Hastorf 1999; Moore et al. 1999; Moore et al. 2007; Whitehead 1999). At the same time, the first regional ritual tradition, Yaya-Mama, emerged. What remains unclear is how these economic and social changes impacted the people living in the lake basin and their relationships with each other. To investigate these socio-economic changes, the author analyzed human skeletal remains excavated from seven sites on the Copacabana Peninsula. Specifically, I observed human skeletal remains of 184 individuals for indicators of diet, disease, ancestry, and tested 40 dental enamel samples for strontium isotopes in order to reconstruct who shared access to resources, who was considered acceptable reproductive partners, and if participants at temple rituals were local or foreign. Particularly, I looked for evidence of social stratification, access to elite food items, shared ancestry, and migrants to investigate the nature of the social relationships. I also considered differences between osteological age-at-death and sex categories, to understand if particular demographic groups were over- or under- represented at certain sites or if any groups were excluded from burial at temples or community membership altogether. These measures showed that despite the emergence of complex socio-economic structures, communities on the Copacabana Peninsula were not hierarchically ranked nor exclusive. People shared food, ancestry, and movement across the peninsula, regardless of sex, age, or burial location. Disease was a risk for all groups, not an increased burden for those with the least resources. Instead of depending on social hierarchy, the socio-economic changes of the Early Horizon may have been motivated by common ancestry and communal labor.Doctor of Philosoph
Análisis de la cobertura informativa del canal público Venezolana de Televisión (VTV) durante la campaña presidencial de 2012 en Venezuela
No full textTesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, Departamento de Periodismo III, leída el 02-02-2016En este trabajo doctoral se ha empleado una metodología de corte semiótico y estructuralista que ha demostrado cómo influyeron el poder gubernamental y cómo se articularon las operaciones político-partidistas en la configuración informativa del telediario La Noticia del canal público de Venezuela, Venezolana de Televisión (VTV). El autor ha seleccionado una muestra representativa de las emisiones estelares que van del 14 al 24 de septiembre de 2012, estas fechas se corresponden con las dos penúltimas semanas de la campaña electoral para los comicios presidenciales que se llevaron a cabo el 7 de octubre de ese mismo año. La primera fase de este procedimiento consistió en la grabación vía streaming de las emisiones estelares a través del programa informático Jaksta Streaming Media Recorder. Esto ha permitido superar el primer obstáculo en el plan de la investigación, como fue el de lograr un registro en soporte electrónico que permitiese recurrir a los archivos de vídeo tantas veces como fuese necesario. La segunda fase, consistió en el visionado para la transcripción de los guiones técnicos subyacentes en el flujo de los textos verbovisuales en la pantalla. Hemos delimitado esta parte de la labor a los telediarios de Venezolana de Televisión de los días 15 y 16 de septiembre, y a una muestra de los formatos de “avance”, “extra” y “pase en vivo” que se utilizaron el primero de octubre de 2012, justo el último día de la campaña electoral. Hemos realizado un análisis previo con la ayuda del programa Nvivo, es una herramienta diseñada para el estudio de datos cualitativos que facilitan la codificación y observación de documentos de trabajo. También combina una doble dimensión integrando la perspectiva narrativa (más cualitativa) y analítica (más cuantitativa). Se han extraído las nubes de palabras, los mapas ramificados y los árboles de palabras para detectar los conceptos más frecuentes en los materiales seleccionados. En primer lugar, hemos realizado una búsqueda sobre los distintos contextos en los telediarios de Venezolana de Televisión (VTV) en los que aparecen los nombres de los dos principales candidatos a la Presidencia de Venezuela, empezando por Henrique Capriles Radonski...The methodology used on this doctoral work has a semiotic and structuralist feature that has shown how government power influences and how the political-partisan’s operations have worked on the setting of La Noticia, Public Newscast on Venezolana de Televisión (VTV). The author has selected a representative sample of evening news ranging from September 14th to September 24th, dates which belong to the electoral campaign for the presidential elections held on October 7th of that year. The first phase of this methodology consists on evening's newscast streaming video recording using Jaksta Streaming Media Recorder. Therefore, the first hurdle in the research plan had been overcome, achieving an electronic record that would allow using video files as many times as necessary. The second phase consisted in the viewing of the technical transcriptions and its relation between what had been shown on the newscast. This part of the research has been defined in Venezuela’s Public Newscast between September 15th and September 16th, using an example format describe as “News flash”, “Extra” and “Live” that were used on October 1st, 2012, at just one day before the electoral campaign finish. A previous analysis made with the help of the Nvivo software, a design tool to study qualitative data that facilitates encoding and reading working files. Moreover, it combines two different dimensions integrating the narrative perspective (more qualitative) and the analytical (more quantitative). Word clouds, branched maps and word trees have been extracted to detect frequent concepts within selected materials. To start with, a research has been performed upon different areas of Venezolana de Televisión’s Newscast (VTV) in which the names of the frontrunners for Venezuela’s Presidency appeared, starting with Henrique Capriles Randonski...Depto. de Periodismo y Nuevos MediosFac. de Ciencias de la InformaciónTRUEunpu
Safety and Efficacy of Lebrikizumab in Adolescent Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: A 52-Week, Open-Label, Phase 3 Study
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