12 research outputs found
Qui gardera nos enfants? Les nounous et le mères: une enquête de Caroline Ibos
No full textSebbene il libro di Caroline Ibos sia stato pubblicato in Francia nel 2012, risulta tuttora attuale. A partire da un’attenta etnografia del rapporto asimmetrico tra madri bianche e nounous nere, il testo si interroga sulle problematiche legate alla globalizzazione della catena della cura nel capitalismo contemporaneo. L\u27autrice affronta temi urgenti anche per il nostro paese, dove le lavoratrici della cura sono sottoposte a lavori precari e sottopagati, imbricati nella "norma dell\u27amore".Although Caroline Ibos\u27 book was published in France in 2012, it is still relevant today. Starting from the ethnography of the asymmetrical relationship between white mothers and black nounous, the text reflects on the problem of the globalization of the care chain in contemporary capitalism. The author discusses urgent topics for our country, where care workers are subjected to precarious and underpaid work regimes, imbricated with the “norm of love”. 
Refrain Quotation in Adam’s Plays, Songs, and Motets
No full textInternational audienceOne cannot adress the question of the refrain in the work of Adam de la Halle without discuting the term refrain itself, and, to a certain extent, the term rondeau/rondet. Without belaboring the theories developed and discuted by philologists since the end oh nineteenth century. Tha author would like to return to several points that are useful for understanding the process of citation
Author response: Sequential sensory and decision processing in posterior parietal cortex
No full textThe utility and role of traditional leaders in modern Nigeria: a comparative analysis of Imo and Kebbi states, 2002
No full textThe specific problem this research studied is the relationship between traditional leaders and development variables of community growth in Imo and Kebbi States, Nigeria. Eight development determinants were selected for study. They are political participation, community development, community board organizations (banks, schools), board of agricultural and marketing organizations, custodians of justice, government funding, cultural con�tinuity and political empowerment. The moderation variables were age, gender, occupation and level of education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the eight selected community growth determinants and traditional rulers in Imo and Kebbi States, Nigeria. The study used two major ethnic groups (Hausa/ Fulani and the Ibos) mainly from the northwestern and southeastern regions of the country. Using the stratified random sampling technique, a sample of 200 residents was selected from the four local government areas (LGAs) of both states. Two hundred questionnaires were distributed to gather data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and pictorial presentations. The One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for subjects' perception of their traditional rulers was employed to explain the differences among the groups. The independent and dependent variables were subjected to inferential statistics using the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient Technique. Eight hypotheses were tested to determine the statistically significant relationship between the independent and the eight dependent variables. The level of significance was . 05 . The primary findings indicated no statistically significant difference between the traditional leaders and the selected community growth determinants based on the perceptions of the sample population. Furthermore, it could be concluded that there are other variables that are related to traditional leader's participation in local communities of Nigeria, even though these variables merely point to advisory role. The study designed stringent guidelines for chieffancy selection, constitutional development including code of conduct, as well as the creation of avenues though which experienced/talented members of the traditional leadership contribute towards their local society
Le point de vue des auteurs
No full textHervé Blutsch est l’auteur d’une vingtaine de pièces de théâtre. / Hervé Blutsch is a playwright, author of round twenty plays. Parmi ses œuvres : / Among them : Anatole Felde (1995), Gzion, (1998), La Vie burale (2009), Scènes de la vie ordinaire (2012).
Patrick Boman est auteur de nouvelles, romancier et auteur dramatique. / Patrick Boman writes novels, short stories, and drama. Parmi ses œuvres : / Among his plays: Planète impossible ou Tatou (1985), Manger ours, manger chien (2006), Till Eulenspiegel, Polichinelle couronné (2008) Opéra polar (avec / with Gérard Lépinois).
Jean Cagnard est l’auteur de nouvelles, de romans, de poèmes et de pièces de théâtre, et directeur de la compagnie 1057 Roses. / Jean Cagnard writes novels, short stories, poetry, and drama, and is the director of the company 1057 Roses. Parmi ses œuvres : / Among his plays: Des papillons sous les pas (2000), Les Gens légers (2004), L’Entonnoir (2007), À demain ou la route des six ciels (2010), Où je vais quand je ferme les yeux ? (2015).
Catherine Zambon est actrice, metteuse en scène et écrivaine. Catherine Zambon is actress, stage director and writer. Parmi ses œuvres : / Among her plays: Samain (1999), Les Balancelles (2002), Les Terres fortes (2005), Œil pour œil (2012, avec Jean-Philippe Ibos)
Table ronde animée par Carole Guidicelli (PuppetPlays) et Julie Sermon (Université Lyon 2) / Round table discussion moderated by Carole Guidicelli (PuppetPlays) and Julie Sermon (Université Lyon 2
Réflexions sur les émeutes interconfessionnelles du nord du Nigeria
No full textA Reflection on Sectarian Fighting in the North of Nigeria, by Ousmane Kane
Communal violence has been a notable feature of the Nigerian public sphère during the last two decades. It has resulted in the killing of thousands of people and the looting of millions of dollars worth of property. The author argues that religious riots need to be situated within the struggle for political power and control of resources. This struggle, according to him, has been focused during the last two decades on the debate over secularism. The paper analyses four major moments of this debate: the debate on the Constituent Assembly of the Second Republic, the OIC crisis, the debate on the Constituent Assembly of the Third Republic and the implementation of Muslim criminal law in twelve states of Northern Nigeria. In conclusion, the author offers an analytical framework for understanding the politics of religious violence in Nigeria.Ancien protectorat britannique, le Nigeria est en proie, depuis deux décennies, à de récurrents et sanglants affontements interconfessionnels opposant notamment musulmans haoussas et chrétiens yorubas, ibos ou membres des groupes ethniques minoritaires du nord du Nigeria. A ces conflits ethno-religieux, se superposent des clivages de type socio-économiques qui expliquent la tendance de ces conflits à dégénérer en pillage de grande ampleur. Depuis une vingtaine d'années, les différents protagonistes n'ont eu de cesse de se radicaliser. Les questions de la charia, de son application et de la demande d'adhésion du Nigeria à l'Organisation de la conférence islamique ont particulièrement cristallisé ces dissensions. Malgré une Constitution laïque dans son essence, douze Etats du nord du Nigeria sur les trente-six que comptent la fédération appliquent présentement le droit pénal musulman. Cette concurrence politique, qui masque une rivalité sociale et économique, risque de porter atteinte à terme à la stabilité du pays.Kane. Réflexions sur les émeutes interconfessionnelles du nord du Nigeria. In: Politique étrangère, n°3 - 2002 - 67ᵉannée. pp. 749-764
Medical students in Nigeria: a case study in social change
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at [email protected]. Thank you.The dissertation explores relationships between social mobility and tribal identification, based on observations made among a sample of medical trainees at the University of Ibadan (formerly, the University College, Ibadan) in Western Nigeria. The thirteen-month study was carried out during 1962-63.
Data were collected on 270 Southern Nigerians entering medical training in the years 1952-1960. Material was taken from university records, personal observations, unstructured interviews, and formal interviews with a sub-sample of 103 trainees drawn from among graduates or potential graduates in the years 1960-1965. Social background characteristics were compared with performance in training.
Based on the ability to sit for and to pass all parts of the standard Second M. B. and Final M.B.-B.S. examinations and to graduate in the minimum five-year training period, representatives of large triues (Ibos, Yorubas) had a significantly higher pass rate than representatives of small tribes (Binis, Ijaws, Efiks, Ibibios, and several smaller groups). Corrections for caliber and location of secondary schools attended showed no variations in this pattern. Nor was it possible to account for these differential performances in terms of examination procedures, faculty bias, degree of exposure of various groups historically to foreign impact, or feelings of social isolation during training. [TRUNCATED]2999-01-0
Recommended from our members
International Intellectual Property Law and Human Security
No full textWith a Foreword by Professor Gudmundur Alfredsson, former Chair of the Advisory Board of the Worldwide Academy of WIPO This book is the first to examine the international intellectual property (IP) legal regime from the perspective of human security. The latter encompasses legal, development and human rights dimensions which, it is argued, must be integrated into the fabric of the IP regime. Fundamental human rights such as the right to life, to health and to food, which form part of an umbrella 'right to development', must increasingly inform the crafting of IP policies and laws at the national and international level. The author, building on previous work on IP law and security, contributes to elucidating the multi-faceted relationship between IP and human security, which encompasses linkages between law, human rights, development and IP. The book captures the dramatic calls by developing countries and indigenous peoples for a morebalanced intellectual property regime that allows for maximum use of flexibilities that cater to their developmental priorities. In this connection, the book discusses the roles of international business organizations (IBOs) and of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in advancing a development oriented IP system. It proposes practical principles for IBO's and it recommends the formation of an 'International Equity Panel' within WIPO. This book will be of interest to IP and human rights scholars, international law and relations specialists and international security analysts, in particular those interested in non-traditional security issues. It may also serve as resource book for the international business community on developmental and human rights aspects of IP
Mixing and In situ product removal in micro-bioreactors
No full textSummary Of the thesis :’ Mixing and In-situ product removal in micro bioreactors’ by Xiaonan Li The work presented in this thesis is a part of a large cluster project, which was formed between DSM, Organon, Applikon and two university groups (TU Delft and University of Twente), under the ACTS and IBOS program. The aim of this cluster project was to develop a system consisting of parallel bioreactors of 30 to 200 microliter working volume for the cultivation of micro-organisms under well controlled industrially relevant condition (T, pH, DO etc.), and operated as fed-batch reactor in long term (>200h). This platform has the potential to be used for high throughput screening applications for gene identification or the related small scale protein fermentation to increase the protein production process development rate and to reduce the research cost. The development of the platform starts with the design of a single micro-reactor; the single micro-reactor is the integration of well developed sensing system, control system, mixing system and other accessories, like, pumps, valves, adaptors, vessels etc. However many components are not available or not suitable for our application. In this thesis several novel mixing methods, which can provide sufficient mixing in a micro-reactor to satisfy the need of micro-organism fermentation, are developed. Furthermore, microfluidic components are important to facilitate substrate feeding as well as by product removing. An ISPR concept was experimentally demonstrated in this thesis to distinguish a wider scope of micro-reactor applications. One of the main reasons to apply micro systems technology is that compared with traditional reaction (fermentation) technologies, a superior, rapid and sufficient mixing can easily be achieved using micro technologies, especially for those microfluidic devices, which integrated with passive micro structures, with working volume tens of nanoliters. However, the mixing in the microreactor, which with working volme around hundreds microliter, is still be considered as a bottleneck for the high biomass concentration fermentation. In chapter 2, recycle flow mixing (RFM) method was presented. By continuously moving liquid solution from high oxygen concentration area to low oxygen concentration area via multiple fluxes, the system obtains maximum oxygen transfer, which is considered as the bottleneck for high cell density fermentation. Meanwhile, the recycled flows create vigorous convectionin the micro-reactor and obtain good mixing. The mixing performance was experimentally verified with a prototype reactor (with working volume 30 microliter). Under a small recycle flow rate (20 microliter/min), the measured well mixing time was around 800s. However, after taken into account the influence of the recycle tubes (50 microliter), the mixing in the microreactor was considered as comparable as an ideal mixed reactor. The impact of various oxygen transfer abilities on high cell density fermentation was estimated by 2D / 3D CFD simulations. With recycle flow rate 0.001 m/s, the kla value of the microreactor was around 0.023 s-1, which was in the same order of magnitude as a regular stirred tank. This oxygen transfer was sufficient for a high biomass concentration fermentation (Max. biomass concentration > 20 g/l). The mixing performance of RFM method is dependent on the value of the recycle fluxes, therefore, a strong internal micro-pump plays an essential role in the system. To avoid the dependence on the micro-pump development, an alternative micro-mixing method was presented in chapter 3. Oscillation flows, which are created by a central actuator, induce vigorous convection in the micro-reactor(s) to obtain good mixing. The mixing performance within a single reactor was estimated by CFD calculations, a simplified micro-mixing correlation and validated experimentally. With an oscillation frequency (f) of 8.33 Hz, oscillation flow rate (fv) 1000 microliter/min, the experimental well mixing time was 45s; the CFD simulated well mixing time was 37 s; the model calculated well mixing time was 35s. With a stronger oscillation (f=8.33Hz, fv=3000 microliter/min) the well mixing time dropped to 4s.(CFD simulated result & model correlative result) The oscillation mixing method has the potential to be easily integrated with parallel reactorsrrelative This concept has been proven experimentally using a 96-wells micro titer plate and one oscillation pump (f=2.22 Hz, fv=2000 microliter/min). Three parallel reactors followed the same trend and reached to well mixing time at 120s, 122s and 128s, respectively. The comparison of dye distribution results between various tubes indicated a similar mixing behavior in different reactors. Hence, the result show the possibility of using one central actuator to create oscillation fluids to achieve mixing on multi-reactors. Additional experiments have been done with oscillation mixing method to test the influence of the mixing methods on cells viability and influence of the oscillation mixing method on cells suspension. The experiment clearly indicated that compared to the magnetic stirrer mixing method, oscillation mixing method showed less damage on the cells during cell viability test. Homogeneous cell suspension was maintained in the micro bioreactor during overnight oscillation mixing. The characteristics of microfluidic channels for mass transfer were explored in chapter 4. When two liquid streams join into one microchannel with diameter around 150 mm, both streams will behave as laminar flows and run parallel to each other with a stable interface in between. If for certain components there are concentration differences between two streams, over the interface, components can transfer from one stream to another via diffusion. In this chapter the quantitative transfer of glucose between two cocurrent streams was estimated by CFD and experimentally verified. A microchannel has a large surface to volume ratio; therefore, within a short time significant amount of glucose can be transferred from one stream to another. The transfer rate of glucose was measured to be 2.4 - 11.9 nmol /min at a residence time of 54 - 857ms and glucose concentration in the feed stream of a modest 10.4mM. If this transfer would be applied for a fed-batch cultivations in a 100ml microbioreactor, glucose feed rates ranging from 0.26 to 1.3 g/Lreactor/h could be achieved, which is sufficient to perform industrial fermentation processes of fed-batch cultivations at high biomass concentrations. This microfluidic channel also could be used for by-product removal application. The reason by-product needs to be removed is because of the potential risk of the product inhibition, which may cause a decrease in microorganism activity. An implementaed In Situ Product Removal (ISPR) method can circumvent this risk by keeping the dissolved product concentration low in the reactor. Chapter 5 focuses on demonstrating the feasibility of applying a suitable ISPR method on micro-scale bioreactor. Lactic acid was selected as the target chemical. Extraction was selected as the separation method. By pushing a selected extractant (trioctylamine / decanol / dodecane) through a hydrophobic micro hollow fiber, lactic acid is extracted from the aqueous phase into organic phase, and then removed from the microreactor. The micro hollow fiber has the sole task to be the barrier to isolate microorganism from organic phase. The extraction ability was estimated by a model and then validated experimentally. The high specific interfacial area in the micro ISPR system (13.3E+3 m2/m3) shows the advantage of the microextraction for ISPR processes. High ISPR removal rate (1.92e-6 mol/l/s) was obtained experimentally. This removal rate was in the same order of magnitude as the reported lactic acid production rates in mammalian cell cultures (7.09e-7 to 3.7 e-5 mol/l/s). In conclusion, this thesis presents the development of novel micro-mixing methods and the preliminary application of possible In Situ Production Removal (ISPR) methods, leading to the increased applicability of (fed-) batch micro bioreactor for long-term high-biomass concentration fermentation. However, a combined microbioreactor (including sensor, ISPR design and novel mixing design) has yet not been tested experimentally. A number of present challenges is discussed in Chapter 6.Department of BiotechnologyApplied Science
The growth of political awareness in Nigeria
No full textPrior, to I945, neither the majority of British nor Africans were convinced that Western parliamentary forms of government could be transferred successfully to Nigeria. Generally it was considered that the Nigerian society would evolve from traditional forms of organization to something typically African which would prepare Africans for their eventual full participation in the world society. After 1945 under the stimulation of nationalism this concept of evolvement was completely abandoned in favour of complete adoption of Western institutions. It is to be expected that after independence the conservative forces of African traditionalism will revive and that a painful process of modification of Western institutions will begin. It would seem however, that modifications are not likely to be too fundamental if one can judge by the success with which Nigerians have handled these institutions and by the material advantages which political leaders have been able to bring to the people through them.
The thesis is divided into three chapters. Chapter one is a condensation of much research. It is intended to provide the background to the main body of the work. It describes the tribal, religious and economic differences in Nigeria which have been forces in Nigerian politics since 1920. It discusses the African reaction to the British penetration of the interior after I885. It briefly outlines the British sponsored economic development which resulted in greater urbanization and the growth of an educated middle class which was the author and supporter of the movement to turn from traditional African forms to Western institutions. With little detail the chapter points out the mixing of various tribes in this new class and the complications which resulted. The Ibo tribe has been used as an example. It shows how this educated class maintained its contact and influence with the people of the villages by means of tribal associations which ultimately became the most significant carriers and popularizers of Western political thought. The chapter ends showing the various ideas which this class were absorbing and the effect which the doctrine of trusteeship, the Commonwealth, the British Labour Government, the United Nations and Indian independence had on them.
Chapter two traces the demand for parliamentary institutions and attempts to show how the British constructively began to abdicate their power. Some of the early expressions of this demand are indicated for the period from 1885 to 1920. In the year 1920, the first political movement was organized. It was a West African Movement embracing all four British West African colonies; Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone and the Gambia. By 1922 this movement had collapsed but successors to it grew in each colony. In Nigeria, from 1922 to 1938 political activity was confined to Lagos. From 1938 to 1945 Lagos politicians were spreading their organizations and ideas throughout the hinterland. At the close of the Second World War an almost country wide agitation began to unite the people to press the British to set up government institutions modelled after those of the United Kingdom. By 1951 this had been done and the elective principle had been widely applied. Thus the first stage of the struggle was over. By 1951 Nigerians were convinced that the British were determined to leave the country as soon as a workable constitution was in force. Chapter two ends at this point where African energies are turned from concentrating on persuading the British to leave and chapter three begins where these energies are being devoted to working out the problems of adjustment in the government machinery to suit the Nigerian situation. Chapter three deals with the divisive forces within the country, which began to show once the unified opposition to the British was no longer necessary. The National Congress of Nigeria and the Cameroons which had led the national front against the British began to decline and break up. Regional parties based largely on local loyalties began to emerge. The elections of 1951 indicated how far this trend towards regionalisation had actually gone. Federalism appeared to hold the answer to Nigerian unity, but while it may have been the only expedient open to the Nigerians, many saw in regionalisation the sure breakup of the country. The conflict between the regionalists and closer unionists came to a climax in the Kano Disturbances of 1953. Following this, in 1954 a constitution was drawn up in which the federal principle was fully acknowledged by all parties. By 1954 the broad outlines of the constitutional pattern had emerged. Nigeria was to be a federal state. However, the final form had not by any means been settled. The constitution of I954 was based on the assumption that Nigeria was a land of three dominant tribes; the Ibos, the Yorubas, and the Hausas. Even before 1954 and increasingly after, the minor ethnic groups began to press for separate states to free them from the partly imaginary fear of major tribe domination.
Nigeria is quite certain to emerge as a major African power because of its population, area and natural resources. It is likely to be an influential power because of its semi-Moslem and semi-Christian character. It straddles that line in Africa which divides the Moslem North from the Christian-influenced South. Such a position and character will give it influence, north as well as south of the Sahara. Nigeria's constitutional development is unique in that it is the first federal state to emerge in Africa. Because Nigeria is possibly the most polygot tribal nation in Africa its solution to the tribal problem will make a profound impression upon other African leaders.
Actually, little has been written on the topic of Africa's evolution towards modern nation-states. This thesis attempts to contribute to that neglected area of study. It is also an attempt to see this process of evolution from an unbiased Nigerian point of view.
This point of view will be indicated by the large amount of source material which is strictly Nigerian in its origin. African sources have as far as possible been relied upon. Much of the source material has as far as can be ascertained, never before been used.Arts, Faculty ofHistory, Department ofGraduat
