532 research outputs found
Lecomte du Noüy, Pierre
No full textPierre Lecomte du Noüy, circa late 1930s
Pierre Lecomte du Noüy (1883, Paris – 1947) was a French biophysicist and philosopher. He is best remembered by scientists for his work on the surface tension, and other properties, of liquids. He was an associate member of the Rockefeller Institute working in Alexis Carrel\u27s lab from 1920 through 1928, Head of the biophysics division of the Pasteur Institute, and the author of some 200 published papers. He invented the Tensiometer, a scientific apparatus that used his du Noüy ring method to measure the surface tension of liquids.
See also Tensiometer
Years at The Rockefeller Institute: 1920-1928https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/scientific-staff/1021/thumbnail.jp
Les avatars de Varāha en Himalaya
No full textMarie Lecomte-Tilouine, "The Metamorphoses of Varāha in the Himalayas".
This article reports the results of an inquiry into the god Baraha in a region of Central Nepal. It examines the various motifs attached to each of its forms and puts forward those which are shared by these manifestations and their classical homonym, the avatar of Vishnu as a boar. Thanks to the relatively large range of her regional research, the author have been able to show a chain of successive tiny shifts of symbolical attributes of these forms from North to South; on the other hand, from West to East, the Kali Gandaki river forms a kind of cultural boundary, with very different characteristics on each of its banks.Lecomte-Tilouine Marie. Les avatars de Varāha en Himalaya. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 80, 1993. pp. 41-74
A comparison of treatment adherence in individuals with a first episode of psychosis and inpatients with psychosis
No full textIn predicting treatment compliance in individuals with severe mental illness, research has focused on variables such as substance abuse, personality, history of child abuse, and symptomatology, although these relationships have not been investigated in great detail in individuals at the onset of mental illness. To better understand these correlates of treatment compliance, two samples were examined: a sample of 117 individuals presenting with a first episode of psychosis and a more chronic forensic sample of 65 participants recruited from a psychiatric hospital. These samples were investigated for service engagement in terms of violence history, substance abuse, symptom severity, psychopathic traits and history of childhood abuse. Linear regressions performed for the first episode sample revealed that childhood physical abuse was the strongest predictor of poor service engagement, followed by problems with alcohol, a history of physical violence, any history of violence and higher psychopathic traits. Linear regression revealed for the forensic group that a lower level of service engagement was most strongly predicted by a history of childhood abuse and a higher score on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Results are presented in light of the existing literature and clinical implications are discussed.Peer reviewedFinal article publishedCompliancePsychosisTraumaViolence and psychopath
Economics of spatial coexistence of genetically modified and conventional crops: Oilseed rape in Central France
No full textEurope is currently struggling to implement coherent coexistence regulations on genetically modified (GM) and non-GM crops in all EU Member States. We conduct simulations with the software ArcView® on a GIS dataset of a hypothetical case of GM herbicide tolerant oilseed rape cultivation in Central France. Our findings show that rigid coexistence rules, such as large distance requirements, may impose a severe burden on GM crop production in Europe. These rules are not proportional to the farmers’ basic incentives for coexistence and hence not consistent with the objectives of the European Commission. More alarming, we show that in densely planted areas a domino-effect may occur. This effect raises coexistence costs and even adds to the non-proportionality of rigid coexistence regulations. Instead, we show that flexible measures would be preferable since they are proportional to the incentives for coexistence and, hence, less counterproductive for European agriculture.regulation, GIS modelling, domino-effect, Crop Production/Industries,
REFLECTION MEASUREMENTS IN THE INFRARED SPECTRUM
No full textAuthor Institution: French National Research Cente
Les mécanismes d’adaptation des malades mentaux chroniques à la vie quotidienne
No full textCet article présente les principaux résultats d'une étude clinique exploratoire qui visait à découvrir les mécanismes d'adaptation utilisés par des patients psychiatriques chroniques; ces patients avaient été traités et suivis dans une clinique externe, localisée dans un milieu urbain défavorisé. L'analyse des observations des intervenants a permis de dégager 39 mécanismes d'adaptation, répartis dans cinq sphères de la vie quotidienne: économique, résidentielle, temporelle, interpersonnelle et thérapeutique. L'auteur conclut en mettant en évidence les paramètres de fonctionnement de ces mécanismes d'adaptation.In this article, the author presents the main results of an exploratory clinical study aimed at identifying the adaptation mechanisms used by chronic psychiatric patients. These patients had been treated and followed by an external clinic located in an underprivileged urban environment. Upon the analysis of social worker's observations, the author was able to pinpoint 39 adaptation mechanisms within five areas of daily life: economical, residential, temporal, interpersonal and therapeutic. In conclusion, the author emphasizes on the six operating parameters of these adaptation mechanisms
Precalving factors affecting conception risk in Holstein dairy cows in tropical conditions
No full textThe objective of this study was to identify precalving nutritional risk factors that may affect variation in first service conception risk in 21 commercial Holstein dairy herds in a tropical environment (Reunion Island). The data set included 473 lactation records in 404 cows. A multivariate logistic-regression model including herd as a random effect was used to analyse the relationship between first service conception risk and energy status (body condition score, plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate), nitrogen status (urea), hepatic function (γ-glutamyltransferase, glutamate deshydrogenase, albumin), and mineral deficiencies (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium), adjusting systematically for factors such as breeding, season, parity, previous milk yield and fertility, calving to first service interval and type of oestrus (spontaneous versus induced). The overall mean conception risk was 0.27±0.02 (mean±S.E.M., n=473). First service conception risk was penalized by calving to 1st service interval shorter than 60 days, synchronized oestrus, previous 305-day milk yield >8000kg (p<0.05), low blood glucose concentration in high-yielding cows (p<0.05) and combined high urea and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations (p<0.01). Precalving energy imbalance, revealed by low prepartum glucose concentration, was a strong nutritional predictor of low first service conception risk in high-yielding cows. Some precalving nutritional disorders potentially associated with consumption of spoiled silage which induces elevated circulating urea and β-hydroxybutyrate have a delayed detrimental effect on conception, even if the true causes of this effect remain to be elucidated. As a conclusion, our findings should lead the breeders to pay more attention to the feeding of dry cows that is usually neglected in Reunion Island dairy farms
Combining social and nutritional perspectives: from adolescence to adulthood (the ASH30 study)
No full textPurpose
The purpose of this paper is to focus specifically on the benefits of using mixed methods to investigate dietary change from adolescence to adulthood exemplified using the findings from the ASH30 longitudinal study. The ASH30 study is a longitudinal dietary survey which provided quantitative evidence of dietary change and investigated factors influencing dietary change from adolescence to adulthood.
Design/methodology/approach
Two three-day food diaries were collected both in 1980 (aged 11-12 years) and 2000 (aged 31-32 years) from the same 198 respondents in North East England. In 2,000 questionnaires were used to collect perceptions of, and attributions for, dietary change and open-ended responses were analysed using content analysis.
Findings
The use of mixed methods brings added breadth and depth to the research which cannot be achieved by a single discipline or method. Determining what has influenced change in dietary behaviour from adolescence to adulthood is a complex and multifaceted task. Eating habits are influenced by multiple factors throughout the life course. Change in food intake between adolescence and adulthood related to life-course events and trajectories. The qualitative findings highlighted relevant contextual information such as themes of moral panics, the concept of “convenience” and “fresh” foods.
Practical implications
Adopting mixed method approaches to exploring dietary change should offer a rich perspective from which to base realistic interventions.
Originality/value
Longitudinal dietary surveys present an opportunity to understand the complex process of dietary change throughout the life course in terms both of how diets have changed but also of why they have changed
Le processus de désinstitutionnalisation aux États-Unis (première partie)
No full textDans ce premier article, l'auteur analyse les conditions socio-économico-politiques qui ont permis que 78,5% des lits asilaires américains soient fermés en 30 ans. Il démontre ensuite comment le gouvernement des États-Unis a utilisé les mesures législatives et fiscales pour réaliser sa politique de désinstitutionnalisation, politique également influencée par les luttes légales menées par les psychiatrisés et leurs défenseurs.In this first article, the author analyses the socio-e-conomico-political conditions that have led to the closing of 78.5 % of beds in American asylums in the last 30 years. The author goes on to show how the U.S. government used legislative and fiscal measures to accomplish its deinstitutionalization policy, a policy also influenced by court battles spearheaded by psychiatric patients and their supporters
Le processus de désinstitutionnalisation aux États-Unis (deuxième partie)
No full textDans ce deuxième article, l'auteur analyse l'impact de la désinstitutionnalisation américaine sur les patients, leurs familles, les communautés et le système de soins (les centres hospitaliers, les hôpitaux généraux, les centres de santé mentale communautaire et l'entreprise résidentielle). Ensuite, il développe les différentes hypothèses formulées pour solutionner les problèmes créés par la désinstitutionnalisation. Ces hypothèses sont conformes au courant politique dominant des années 80 dans les services sociaux et de santé: l'intégration de ces services.In this second article, the author analyses the impact of American deinstitutionalization on patients, their families, the communities and the health care system (medical clinics, general hospitals, community mental health centres and residential concerns). Following his analysis, the author develops the various hypotheses produced to solve the problems created by deinstitutionalization. These hypotheses follow the dominant political theme of the 80s in the area of health and social services : the integration of services
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