41 research outputs found
Two representatives of lamiaceae essential oils and their main components cause changes in glutathione related enzymatic activities
No full textLavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender) and Origanum heracleoticum L. (greek oregano) are aromatic plants used in traditional medicine for relief of convulsion, anxiety, insomnia and in the treatment of neurological disorders. On the basis of literature, we evaluated the changing in glutathione enzymatic activities provoked by the essential oils and pure components, linalool, carvacrol and limonene to study the mechanisms of action, responsible for several activities. Activities of SOD (superoxide dismutase) and GPx (glutathione peroxidase) tend to increase respect to control. SOD maximal increase reached up to 117% for carvacrol and limonene. Increase in GPx activity reached even up to value 1.229 for origanum oil in comparison to control 0.125 μkat/mg prot. Activities of GR (glutathione reductase), except for lavender, showed a biphasic response. Like for GR, the administration of compounds, resulted in a biphasic response in GST (glutathione-S-transferase) activities (with a consistent increase in activity at concentration 125 μg/mL for all compounds except lavender). Moreover, the changes in GSH (reduced glutathione), are no significant for different concentrations of essential oils. So, the biological properties of essential oils and specifically, the antioxidant ones, can be related to their capacity to modify the glutathione enzymatic activities
Comparison of the Tax Structure in Central European and European Union Countries: Tax Reform Goals and the Current Situation
No full textThe paper provides an analyses of the public finance reform in Central European Countries during the economic transition. The process of reforming public finance (covering both tax and expenditure reforms) is a long lasting one with specific features in individual countries. Nevertheless, some common, general features to the restructuring of CEC public finances can be identified.economic transition, public finance, Central Europe, taxation
Immunodiagnosis of Prune dwarf virus using antiserum produced to its recombinant coat protein
No full textCertification represents the first line of defense against fruit tree viruses. For certification or surveys dealing with large number of samples, ELISA is still considered the technique of choice and requires a continuous supply of good quality antibodies. Prune dwarf virus (PDV) is among the major viruses affecting stone fruits; it belongs to the genus Ilarvirus named so for its isometric labile particles. Recombinant DNA technology was investigated for production of PDV antiserum to avoid labile virus purification and virus maintenance problems. The PDV coat protein gene (CP) was cloned into a protein expression bacterial plasmid vector which allowed a good level of expression of up to 2 mg native protein-L culture. The recombinant PDV CP was injected into rabbits and the crude antiserum was successfully used in indirect ELISA at dilutions of up to 1:5000 to detect PDV in infected leaf samples. Similar results were obtained in dot blot immunoassays (DBIA). The antibodies were used in double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and results were comparable to a reference commercial kit. The crude antiserum was efficiently used for coating ELISA plates, thereby reducing test costs. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Altschul SF, 1997, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V25, P3389, DOI 10.1093-nar-25.17.3389; CLARK MF, 1977, J GEN VIROL, V34, P475, DOI 10.1099-0022-1317-34-3-475; Guo DY, 1998, METH MOL B, V81, P171; Hampton R., 1990, SEROLOGICAL METHODS, P389; Hourani H., 2003, J PLANT PATHOL, V85, P1; Kanaan-Atallah Z. H., 2000, Phytopathologia Mediterranea, V39, P417; KATUL L, 1993, ANN APPL BIOL, V123, P629; Kumari SG, 2001, J PHYTOPATHOL, V149, P543, DOI 10.1046-j.1439-0434.2001.00674.x; KUNZE L, 1984, PHYTOPATHOL Z, V110, P251; Ling KS, 2000, EUR J PLANT PATHOL, V106, P301, DOI 10.1023-A:1008713319294; Nemeth M., 1986, VIRUS MYCOPLASMA RIC, pP841; NIKOLAEVA OV, 1995, PHYTOPATHOLOGY, V85, P691, DOI 10.1094-Phyto-85-691; UYEMOTO JK, 1992, PLANT DIS, V76, P5; Vaira AM, 1996, J VIROL METHODS, V56, P209, DOI 10.1016-0166-0934(95)01963-4; VASKOVA D, 2001, ACTA HORTIC, V550, P23718201
Regional development: contribution of evolutionary biology
No full textThis paper tries to set out a potential of application of some evolutionary biology concepts to the issue of regional development. The objective is to show that employment of these concepts or at least inspiration by them may enrich some theories of regional development and enhance the explanatory framework of regional evolution.First, the views of institutional economics and geography on evolutionary biology contribution are summarised, then some evolutionary concepts are applied to the path dependence concept e. g., in effort to find a possible way of classification of this phenomenon. However, we discuss some other evolutionary concepts, as coevolution, adaptation, preadaption, general approach to comprehension of evolution, etc. in connexion with some chosen theories and problems of regional development.Regional development ; evolutionary biology ; path dependence ; theories of regional development
Numerical Analyses of Subsoil-structure Interaction in Original Non-commercial Software based on FEM
No full textPhysico-Chemical Ways of Improving Oxygen Converter Lining
No full textThis paper is a file of analytical information with intent to summarize so far known knowledge and to anticipate new development and possibilities of improving oxygen converter lining. Technological methods currently used in steel production put high requirements for the quality parameters of used refractory building materials. The article pursues the analysis of balance thickness of the magnesium-carbon refractory lining of basic oxygen furnace during the campaign. Development and innovation of the technologies of steel production is also reflected in increment of the requirements for magnesium-carbon refractory materials for basic oxygen furnace linings. Permanent increment in steel production has substantial influence on the refractory materials consumption in the worldwide scale. Specific methods proceedes during refining process of scrap material as quick temperatures alternation, changes in slag composition or impacts of heavy pieces of scrap material, influences destructively the basic lining of basic oxygen furnace. The static crucible corrosion test, as a simple experiment, is very useful for study of these processes because a direct observation of refractory – slag reactions in real systems is impossible. For that reason, corrosion crucible tests were adapted so that carbon basic refractories was isolated from the atmosphere by high alumina cast able cover. For such reason the high accent is put to the charge of refractory lining during the campaign which is connected with permanent increment of gunning repair refractory materials consumption. Continual increment of refractory bricks quality leads to the prolongation of time of the basic oxygen furnace campaigns
Les figures de l'acceptabilité: chapitre 14
No full textOuvrage publié avec le soutien du PREDIT, programme de recherche et d'innovation dans les transports terrestresL'état de l'art sur l'acceptabilité des politiques de transport peut s'organiser autour de quelques grands thèmes. Pour comprendre l'acceptabilité, il faut d'abord la définir (section 1). Mais l'opération est délicate. L'utilisation de ce terme sert à décrire des attitudes et des comportements d'acteurs souvent empreints de subjectivité, ce qui en rend difficile l'évaluation. Il convient d'ailleurs d'identifier ces acteurs (section 2) : parle-t-on de l'acceptabilité d'une nouvelle mesure par les automobilistes ou les usagers des transports collectifs, ou par les producteurs de services de transports (opérateurs) ou encore par d'autres acteurs ? Afin d'établir si les conditions de mise en œuvre de la nouvelle mesure sont favorables à la réussite du projet, il devient nécessaire de spécifier le contexte et la manière dont un « problème » est perçu (section 3). La question de la perception va également intervenir dans l'appréciation des solutions proposées par les acteurs (section 4). Elle s'appuie sur des arguments d'équité et de justice qui prennent souvent le pas sur ceux de l'efficacité au sens économique. Pour illustrer ce traitement, les auteurs font ensuite un bref exposé de trois expériences emblématiques de péage urbain (Oslo, Londres, Lyon) (section 5). Ils terminent enfin par une proposition de mise en ordre conceptuelle, mais provisoire, du processus menant à l'acceptabilité (section 6)
Zainicjowanie biodegradacji poliwinylopirolidonu w środowisku wodno-powietrznym
No full textA synthetic polymer, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP - E 1201) primarily finds applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries due to its resistance and zero toxicity to organisms. After ingestion, the substance passes through the organism unchanged. Consequently, it enters the systems of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) without decomposing biologically during the waste treatment process, nor does it attach (through sorption) to particles of activated sludge to any significant extent, therefore, it passes through the system of a WWTP, which may cause the substance to accumulate in the natural environment. For this reason the paper investigates the potential to initiate aerobic biodegradation of PVP in the presence of activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The following agents were selected as the initiators of the biodegradation process - co-substrates: acrylamide, N-acethylphenylalanine and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, a substance with a similar structure to PVP monomer. The biodegradability of PVP in the presence of co-substrates was evaluated on the basis of biological oxygen demand (BOD) as determined via a MicroOxymax O2/CO2/CH4 respirometer. The total substrate concentration in the suspension equaled 400 mg·dm–3, with the ratio between PVP and the co-substrate being 1:1, while the concentration of the dry activated sludge was 500 mg·dm–3. Even though there was no occurrence of a significant increase in the biodegradation of PVP alone in the presence of a co-substrate, acrylamide appeared to be the most effective type of co-substrate. Nevertheless, a recorded decrease in the slope of biodegradation curves over time may indicate that a process of primary decomposition was underway, which involves the production of metabolites that inhibit activated sludge microorganisms. The resulting products are not identified at this stage of experimentation
Multiplex RT-PCR detection of four aphid-borne strawverry viruses in Fragaria spp. in combination with a plant RNA specific internal control
No full textThe principal aphid-borne viruses infecting Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) Strawberry crinkle virus (SCV), Strawberry mild yellow, edge virus (SMYEV), Strawberry mottle virus (SMoV) and Strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) can cause serious crop losses. In this paper, a multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method is described for the simultaneous detection of all four viruses in combination with a plant mRNA specific internal control which can be used as an indicator of the effectiveness of the extraction and RT-PCR. In total, 18 strawberry isolates infected naturally were analysed by this method. Every combination of RNA virus was able to be detected and a full complement of all four viruses were found together in three isolates, all taken from wild strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch.) in Chile. The upper detection limit for the four viruses was at an extract dilution of 1/200. The broad applicability of the RNA specific internal control primers-which produced a PCR fragment of the expected size in 25 of 27 plant species tested-combined with improvements, made in extraction methods described provides potentially a standard method for comparable RT-PCR analyses in a wide variety of plant species
Simultaneous detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp michiganensis, Pepino mosaic virus and Mexican papita viroid by non-radioactive molecular hybridization using a unique polyprobe
No full textClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Pepino mosaic virus, and Mexican papita viroid are three economically important pathogens that infect tomato crops. In this work, a polyprobe (poly-3) was developed and evaluated for the simultaneous detection of these pathogens in tomato plants by non-isotopic molecular hybridization. The endpoint detection limit of the poly-3 with C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis cell cultures was 10(6) CFU/ml. No differences were found in terms of the sensitivity and specificity when the individual riboprobes were compared to the poly-3 for the detection of the three pathogens. The analysis of 80 tomato field samples by the poly-3 and RT-PCR techniques rendered the same number of positive samples for each pathogen. As far as we know this is the first time that three pathogens with very different life cycle styles (bacteria, virus and viroid) are simultaneously detected in a single assay. The possibility of using this poly-3 technology for the routine diagnosis of field tomato samples is discussed.E.J M-Z. was recipient of a Pre-doctoral fellowship from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia of Mexico. F.A. was recipient of a contract Ramon y Cajal (RYC-2010-06169) Program of the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia of Spain. We thank L. Corachan for her excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by Grants BIO2014-54862-R from the Spanish Granting Agency DGICYT, the Prometeo Program GV2011/003 from the Generalitat Valenciana and PAID-06-10-1496 from the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (Spain).Zamora-Macorra, E.; Ochoa-Martinez, D.; Valdovinos-Ponce, G.; Rojas-Martinez, R.; Ramirez-Rojas, S.; Sanchez Navarro, JA.; Pallás Benet, V.... (2015). Simultaneous detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp michiganensis, Pepino mosaic virus and Mexican papita viroid by non-radioactive molecular hybridization using a unique polyprobe. 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