474 research outputs found
Geschichtlicher Abriß der Entwickelung des Postregals im Herzogthume Braunschweig : Eine dem Herrn Postrathe August Heinrich Raabe zu Holzminden bei dessen funfzigjähriger Amts-Jubelfeier am 22. April 1838 ehrerbietigst gewidmete Abhandlung / [K. Steinacker]
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Proteomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
No full textSo far, only the detection of 14-3-3 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been accepted as diagnostic criterion for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). However, this assay cannot be used for screening because of the high rate of false-positive results, whereas patients with variant CJD are often negative for 14-3-3 proteins. The aim of this study was to compare the spot patterns of CSF by 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) to search for a CJD-specific spot pattern. We analyzed the CSF of 28 patients {[}11 CJD, 9 Alzheimer's disease ( AD), 8 nondemented controls (NDC)] employing 2D-PAGE which was optimized for minimal volumes of CSF (0.1 ml; 7-cm strips). All samples were run at least three times, gels were silver stained and analyzed by an analysis software and manually revised. We could consistently match 268 spots which were then compared between all groups. By the use of 5 spots, we were able to differentiate CJD from AD or NDC with a sensitivity of 100%. CJD could also be distinguished from both groups by using a heuristic clustering algorithm of 2 spots. We conclude that this proteomic approach can differentiate CJD from other diseases and may serve as a model for other neurodegenerative diseases. Copyright (C) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
Dust Formation Observed in Young Supernova Remnants with Spitzer
No full textWe present dust features and masses observed in young supernova remnants (SNRs) with Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) mapping and staring observations of four youngest supernova remnants: SNR 1E102.2-7219 (E0102) in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), Cas A and G11.2-0.3 in our Galaxy, and N132D in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The spectral mapping data revealed a number of dust features which include 21 micron-peak dust and featureless dust in Cas A and 18-micron peak dust in E0102 and N132D. The 18 micron-peak feature is fitted by a mix of MgSiO3 and solid Si dust grains, while the 21-micron peak dust is by a mix of silicates and FeO; we also explore dust fitting using Continuous Distribution of Ellipsoid grain models. We report detection of CO fundamental band from Cas A in near-infrared. We review dust features observed and identified in other SNRs. The dust emission is spatially correlated with the ejecta emission, showing dust is formed in SN ejecta. The spectra of E0102 show rich gas lines from ejecta including strong ejecta lines of Ne and O, including two [Ne III] lines and two [Ne V] lines which allow us to diagnostic density and temperature of the ejecta and measure the ejecta masses. E0102 and N132D show weak or lacking Ar, Si, and Fe ejecta, whereas the young Galactic SNR Cas A show strong Ar, Si, and S and weak Fe. We discuss compositions and masses of dust and association with those of ejecta and finally, dust contribution from SNe to early Universe.Cosmic Dust - Near and Far. 8-12 September 2008. Convention Center, Heidelberg, Germany
Tau protein, A beta 42 and S-100B protein in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies
No full textThe intra vitam diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is still based on clinical grounds. So far no technical investigations have been available to support this diagnosis. As for tau protein and beta-amyloid((1-42)) (Abeta42), promising results for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease ( AD) have been reported; we evaluated these markers and S-100B protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), using a set of commercially available assays, of 71 patients with DLB, 67 patients with AD and 41 nondemented controls (NDC) for their differential diagnostic relevance. Patients with DLB showed significantly lower tau protein values compared to AD but with a high overlap of values. More prominent differences were observed in the comparison of DLB patients with all three clinical core features and AD patients. Abeta42 levels were decreased in the DLB and AD groups versus NDC, without significant subgroup differences. S-100B levels were not significantly different between the groups. Tau protein levels in CSF may contribute to the clinical distinction between DLB and AD, but the value of the markers is still limited especially due to mixed pathology. We conclude that more specific markers have to be established for the differentiation of these diseases. Copyright (C) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel
Serum heart-type fatty acid-binding protein and cerebrospinal fluid tau: Marker candidates for dementia with Lewy bodies
No full textBackground: The measurement of biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has gained increasing acceptance in establishing the diagnosis of some neurodegenerative diseases. Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) was recently discovered in CSF and serum of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: We investigated H-FABP in CSF and serum alone and in combination with CSF tau protein to evaluate these as potential biomarkers for the differentiation between dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: We established H-FABP and tau protein values in a set of 144 persons with DLB (n = 33), Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD; n = 25), AD (n = 35) and nonclemented neurological controls (NNC; n = 51). Additionally, serum H-FABP levels were analyzed in idiopathic Parkinson disease patients without evidence of cognitive decline (n = 45) using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We calculated absolute values of HFABP and tau protein in CSF and serum and established relative ratios between the two to obtain the best possible match for the clinical working diagnosis. Results: Serum HFABP levels were elevated in DLB and PDD patients compared with NNC and AD subjects. To better discriminate between DLB and AD, we calculated the ratio of serum H-FABP to CSF tau protein levels. At the arbitrary chosen cutoff ratio >= 8 this quotient reached a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 66%. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the measurement of CSF tau protein, together with H-FABP quantification in serum and CSF, and the ratio of serum H-FABP to CSF tau protein represent marker candidates for the differentiation between AD and DLB. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
Total tau protein, phosphorylated tau (181p) protein, beta-amyloid(1-42), and beta-amyloid(1-40) in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies
No full textThe intra vitam diagnosis of different dementias is still based on clinical grounds. So far, no technical investigations have been available to support these diagnoses. For tau protein and beta-amyloid((1-42)) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), promising results for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease ( AD) have been reported; however, their differential diagnostic spectrum is limited, as was recently shown for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and for AD. Therefore, further marker proteins have to be established to ameliorate, support, and differentiate these clinical diagnoses. We evaluated beta-amyloid((1-40)) and phosphorylated tau protein (181p), in addition to total tau protein and beta-amyloid ((1-42)), in 20 patients with DLB, 34 AD patients, and 20 non- demented neurological controls (NDCs). All markers could differentiate between the dementia groups ( AD, DLB) and the controls. AD and DLB could be differentiated only by levels of total tau protein and by the ratio total tau protein/phosphorylated tau protein. However, values still overlapped markedly. In some cases, tau protein levels in CSF may contribute to the clinical distinction between DLB and AD, but the value of the markers is still limited, especially because of mixed pathology. We conclude that more specific markers have to be established to differentiate between these diseases
Matrix Models, Emergent Spacetime and Symmetry Breaking
No full textWe discuss how a matrix model recently shown to describe emergent gravity may contain extra degrees of freedom which reproduce some characteristics of the standard model, in particular the breaking of symmetries and the correct quantum numbers of fermions
Tauopathies and synucleinopathies: Do cerebrospinal fluid beta-amyloid peptides reflect disease-specific pathogenesis?
No full textTo evaluate variations in amyloid beta (A beta) peptide pattern in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in neurodegenerative disorders. A recently estabfished quantitative urea-based A beta-sodium-dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis with western immunoblot (AP-SDS-PAGE/immunoblot) revealed a highly conserved A beta peptide (A beta 1-37, 1-38, 1-39, 1-40, 1-42) pattern in CSF. We asked whether the variation might be useful to further elucidate the overlap between or distinctions among neurodegenerative diseases in A beta-processing. We used the A beta-SDS-PAGE/immunoblot to investigate CSF for diseasespecific A beta peptide patterns. CSF samples from 96 patients with mainly clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (n = 15), progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 20), corticobasal degeneration (n =: 12), Parkinson's disease (n = 11), multiple systems atrophy (n = 18), and dementia with Lewy-bodies (n = 20) were analysed as well a comparison group (n = 19). The A beta peptide patterns varied between tauopathies and synucleinopathies and between all diseases and the comparison group, possibly due to the influence of tau and a-synuctein on Ap-processing
Cytokeratin positivity in paraffin-embedded malignant melanomas: Comparative study of KL1, A4 and Lu5 antibodies
No full textThe unclear role of cytokeratin (CK) in the progression and diagnostics of malignant melanomas stimulated us to compare the reactivity of three antibodies directed to CK in 109 paraffin-embedded melanomas. By far the majority of melanomas did not express cytokeratin even at the <1% level, only vimentin. In about 6% of melanomas it was possible to find CK expression ranging between 3 and 40% of melanoma cells. There was a correlation between CK expression and pT-stage. Cytokeratin-expressing tumours were found in the more advanced pT-stages. The independent prognostic values of none of the three CK antibodies investigated could be shown
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