116 research outputs found
Acquired Liver Fat Is A Key Determinant of Serum Lipid Alterations in Healthy Monozygotic Twins
No full textObjective: The effects of acquired obesity on lipid profile and lipoprotein composition in rare BMI-discordant monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs were studied. Design and Methods: Abdominal fat distribution, liver fat (magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy), fasting serum lipid profile (ultracentrifugation, gradient gel-electrophoresis, and colorimetric enzymatic methods), and lifestyle factors (questionnaires and diaries) were assessed in 15 BMI-discordant (within-pair difference [Delta] in BMI >3 kg/m(2)) and nin concordant (Delta BMI <3 kg/m(2)) MZ twin pairs, identified from two nationwide cohorts of Finnish twins. Results: Despite a strong similarity of MZ twins in lipid parameters (intra-class correlations 0.42-0.90, P < 0.05), concentrations of apolipoprotein B (ApoB), intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein 3a% (HDL3a%), and HDL3c% were higher (P < 0.05) and those of HDL cholesterol, HDL2-C, and HDL2b% were lower (P < 0.01) in the heavier co-twins of BMI-discordant pairs. The composition of lipoprotein particles was similar in the co-twins. When BMI-discordant pairs were further divided into liver fat-discordant and concordant (based on median for Dliver fat, 2.6%), the adverse lipid profile was only seen in those heavy co-twins who also had high liver fat. Conversely, BMI-discordant pairs concordant for liver fat did not differ significantly in lipid parameters. In multivariate analyses controlling for Delta subcutaneous, Delta intra-abdominal fat, sex, Delta smoking and Delta physical activity, Dliver fat was the only independent variable explaining the variation in Delta ApoB, Delta total cholesterol, and Delta LDL-C concentration. Conclusions: Several pro-atherogenic changes in the amounts of lipids but not in the composition of lipoprotein particles were observed in acquired obesity. In particular, accumulation of liver fat was associated with lipid disturbances, independent of genetic effects
MR image segmentation and tissue metabolite contrast in 1H spectroscopic imaging of normal and aging brain
No full textProton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging in progressive supranuclear palsy, Parkinson’s disease, and corticobasal degeneration
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The right and the principle of autonomy : a discussion of autonomy as a concept in constitutional law
No full textThis master´s thesis is a judicial review of the concept of autonomy within the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. During the review both the views of the proponents and the critics of the Court jurisprudence are discussed. The book endeavours to make sense of the complexity of autonomy as the questions asked expand also to the more broad ques-tions of the history of autonomy, autonomy as a concept of constitutional law as well ques-tions regarding to the status of autonomy as a concept of legal theory.
Rather than casting the reader adrift in a sea of theoretical detail, the author underlines the es-sential values in both the pronents´ and critics´ view of autonomy and forms a principle of reciprocity that could be used to counterbalance the use of the prevailing concept of individ-ual autonomy within the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in certain sit-uations.
Finding shortcomings in the current theory of autonomy, the author proposes and defends a layered model of autonomy, a tool to better understand the foundational layer of the subject of law, an autonomous person
Paradoxical dissociation between hepatic fat content and de novo lipogenesis due to PNPLA3 sequence variant
No full textCONTEXT:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging epidemic disease characterized by increased hepatic fat, due to an imbalance between synthesis and removal of hepatic lipids. In particular, increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is a key feature associated with NAFLD. The genetic variations I148M in PNPLA3 and E167K in TM6SF2 confer susceptibility to NAFLD.
OBJECTIVE:
Here we aimed to investigate the contribution of DNL to liver fat accumulation in the PNPLA3 I148M or TM6SF2 E167K genetic determinants of NAFLD.
PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The PNPLA3 I148M and TM6SF2 E167K were genotyped in two well-characterized cohorts of Europeans. In the first cohort (Helsinki cohort, n=88), we directly quantified hepatic DNL using deuterated water. In the second cohort (Milan cohort, n=63), we quantified the hepatic expression of SREBP1c that we have found previously associated with increased fat content. Liver fat was measured by magnetic resonance proton spectroscopy in the Helsinki cohort, and by histological assessment of liver biopsies in the Milan cohort.
RESULTS:
PNPLA3 148M was associated with lower DNL and expression of the lipogenic transcription factor SREBP1c, despite substantial increased hepatic fat content.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our data show a paradoxical dissociation between hepatic DNL and hepatic fat content due to the PNPLA3 148M allele indicating that increased DNL is not a key feature in all individuals with hepatic steatosis, and reinforces the contribution of decreased mobilization of hepatic triglycerides for hepatic lipid accumulation in subject with the PNPLA3 148M allele
PRESS echo time behavior of triglyceride resonances at 1.5T: detecting omega-3 fatty acids in adipose tissue in vivo.
No full textAIM: This study investigated the impact of fatty acid (FA) composition on the echo time behavior of triglyceride resonances in a clinical setting. The feasibility of (1)H NMR spectroscopy to detect these resonances was also evaluated in human adipose tissue in vivo. METHOD: Ten edible oils chosen to cover a wide spectrum of FA compositions were used as phantom material. The detailed FA composition and intrinsic proton spectra of the oils were characterized by gas chromatography and high-resolution (1)H NMR spectroscopy (11.7T), respectively. The detailed echo time behavior of the oils were subsequently measured by (1)H NMR spectroscopy in a clinical scanner (1.5T) using PRESS. The effect of temperature was investigated in five oils. RESULTS: The olefinic (5.3 ppm) and diallylic (2.8 ppm) resonances exhibited distinct J-modulation patterns independent of oil FA composition. The methylene resonance (1.3 ppm) displayed an exponential decay, with the apparent T(2) showing a weak positive correlation with oil unsaturation (R=0.628, P=0.052), probably a result of changes in viscosity. For the methyl resonance (0.9 ppm), oils high in omega-3 FA displayed a markedly different J-modulation pattern compared to non-omega-3 oils. The characteristic J-modulation of the omega-3 methyl group could be attributed to the phase behavior of the omega-3 methyl triplet signal (all triplet lines in-phase at TE of 135 ms), a result of the omega-3 methyl end forming a first order spin system. The omega-3 methyl outer triplet line at 1.08ppm of the TE=140 ms spectrum was found to be useful for determining the omega-3 content of the oils (R=0.999, standard error of estimate (SE) 0.80). The olefinic and diallylic proton resonance (measured at TE=50 ms) areas correlated with the olefinic (R=0.993, SE 0.33) and diallylic (R=0.997, SE 0.19) proton contents calculated from the GC data. Information derived from long echo time spectra (TE=200) demonstrated good correlations to GC data and showed no change with increasing temperature (and T(2)). In (1)H NMR spectra (1.5T) of adipose tissue in five healthy subjects, the analytically important olefinic and diallylic resonances were clearly resolved with a coefficient of variation of 1.6% and 8.4%, respectively, for repeated measurements. The characteristic phase behavior of the omega-3 methyl outer triplet line at 1.08 ppm could also be detected at very long echo times (470 and 540 ms). CONCLUSION: Fatty acid composition has an impact on the echo time behavior of triglyceride resonances. Long TE spectra can resolve omega-3 FA in adipose tissue in vivo. These findings will benefit long TE studies of tissue lipids
Body Electrical Loss Analysis (BELA) – An Electromagnetic Method for the Assessment of Abdominal Visceral Fat Accumulation
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