427 research outputs found
DEBATING DESIGN: FROM DARWIN TO DNA
No full textNotes on contributors -- Introduction -- Ch. 1. General introduction / William A. Dembski and Michael Ruse -- Ch. 2. The argument from design: a brief history / Michael Ruse -- Ch. 3. Who's afraid of ID? A survey of the intelligent design movement / Angus Menuge -- Pt. I. Darwinism -- Ch. 4. Design without designer: Darwin's greatest discovery / Francisco J. Ayala -- Ch. 5. The f1agellum unspun: the collapse of "irreducible complexity" / Kenneth R. Miller -- Ch. 6. The design argument / Elliott Sober - - Ch. 7. DNA by design? Stephen Meyer and the return of the God hypothesis / Robert T. Pennock -- Pt. II. Complex self-organization -- Ch. 8. Prolegomenon to a general biology / Stuart Kauffman -- Ch. 9. Darwinism, design, and complex systems dynamics / Bruce H. Weber and David J. Depew -- Ch. 10. Emergent complexity, teleology, and the arrow of time / Paul Davies -- Ch. 11. The emergence of biological value / James Barham -- Pt. III. Theistic evolution -- Ch. 12. Darwin, design, and divine providence / John F. Haught -- Ch. 13. The inbuilt potentiality of creation / John Polkinghorne -- Ch. 14. Theistic evolution / Keith Ward -- Ch. 15. Intelligent design: some geological, historical, and theological questions / Michael Roberts -- Ch. 16. The argument from laws of nature reassessed / Richard Swinburne -- Pt. IV. Intelligent design -- Ch. 17. The logical underpinnings of intelligent design / William A. Dembski - - Ch. 18. Information, entropy, and the origin of life / Walter L. Bradley -- Ch. 19. Irreducible complexity: obstacle to Darwinian evolution / Michael J. Behe -- Ch. 20. The Cambrian information explosion: evidence for intelligent design / Stephen C. Meyer -- Inde
THE CAMBRIDGE COMPANION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGY
No full textContributors -- Preface -- 1. Adaptation / Tim Lewens -- 2. Population genetics / Roberta L. Millstein and Robert A. Skipper Jr. -- 3. Units and levels of selection / Elisabeth A. Lloyd -- 4. What's wrong with the emergentist statistical interpretation of natural selection and random drift? / Robert N. Brandon and Grant Ramsey -- 5. Gene / Paul E. Griffiths and Karola Stotz -- 6. Information in biology / Peter Godfrey-Smite -- 7. Reductionism (and antireductionism) in biology / Alexander Rosenberg -- 8. Mechanisms and models / Lindley Darden -- 9. Teleology / André Ariew -- 10. Macroevolution, minimalism, and the radiation of the animals / Kim Sterelny -- 11. Philosophy and phylogenetics: historical and current connections / Maureen Kearney -- 12. Human evolution: the three grand challenges of human biology / Francisco J. Ayala -- 13. Varieties of evolutionary psychology / David J. Buller -- 14. Neurobiology / Valerie Gray Hardcastle -- 15. Biological explanations of human sexuality: the genetic basis of sexual orientation / Christopher Horvath -- 16. Game theory in evolutionary biology / Zachary Ernst -- 17. What is an 'embryo' and how do we know? / Jane Maienschein -- 18. Evolutionary developmental biology / Manfred D. Laubichler -- 19. Molecular and systems biology and bioethics / Jason Scott Robert -- 20. Ecology / Gregory M. Mikkelson -- 21. From ecological diversity to biodiversity / Sahotra Sarkar -- 22. Biology and religion / Robert T. Pennock -- 23. The moral grammar of narratives in history of biology: the case of Haeckel and Nazi biology / Robert J. Richards -- Reference list -- Inde
The Biological Sciences Can Act as a Ground for Ethics
No full textThis paper is interested in the relationship between evolutionary thinking and moral behavior and commitments, ethics. There is a traditional way of forging or conceiving of the relationship. This is traditional evolutionary ethics, known as Social Darwinism. Many think that this position is morally pernicious, a redescription of the worst aspects of modern, laissez-faire capitalism in fancy biological language. It is argued that, in fact, there is much more to be said for Social Darwinism than many think. In respects, it could be and was an enlightened position to take; but it flounders on the matter of justification. Universally, the appeal is to progress—evolution is progressive and, hence, morally we should aid its success. I argue, however, that this progressive nature of evolution is far from obvious and, hence, traditional social Darwinism fails. There is another way to do things. This is to argue that the search for justification is mistaken. Ethics just is. It is an adaptation for humans living socially and has exactly the same status as other adaptations, like hands and teeth and genitalia. As such, ethics is something with no standing beyond what it is. However, if we all thought that this was so, we would stop being moral. So part of the experience of ethics is that it is more than it is. We think that it has an objective referent. In short, ethics is an illusion put in place by our genes to make us good social cooperators
THE STEM CELL CONTROVERSY: DEBATING THE ISSUES
No full textPresident George W. Bush on stem cell research -- Editors' general introduction / Michael Ruse and Christopher A. Pynes -- Pt. 1. The science of stem cells -- Editors' introduction -- 1. Stem cells: a primer / National Institutes of Health -- 2. The language really matters / Jane Maienschein -- 3. Can old cells learn new tricks? / Gretchen Vogel -- 4. Adult stem cells a positive perspective / Sidney Houff -- 5. "Parthenotes" expand the debate on stem cells / Rick Weiss -- Pt. 2. Medical cures and promises -- Editors introduction -- 6. Paralyzed mouse walks again as scientists fight stem cell ban / Katty Kay and Mark Henderson -- 7. 60 Minutes II, holy grail / Carol Marin -- 8. Human stem cell research and the potential for clinical application / National Bioethics Advisory Commission -- 9. Fetal neuron grafts pave the way for stem cell therapies / Marcia Barinaga -- 10. Promises of stem cells kept / Leigh Shoemaker -- Pt. 3. Moral issues -- Editors' introduction -- 11. The stem cell slide: be alert to the beginnings of evil / Michael Novak -- 12. Research with human embryonic stem cells: ethical considerations / Geron Ethics Advisory Board -- 13. Ethics and policy in embryonic stem cell research / John A. Robertson -- 14. The ethics and politics of small sacrifices in stem cell research / Glenn McGee and Arthur Caplan -- 15. The ethical case against stem cell research / Søren Holm -- 16. Stem cell research: the failure of bioethics / Don Marquis -- 17. Public stem cell banks: considerations of justice in stem cell research and therapy / Ruth R. Faden, Liza Dawson, Alison S. Bateman-House, et al. -- Pt. 4. Religious issues -- Editors' introduction -- 18. Patients' voices: the powerful sound in the stem cell debate / Daniel Perry -- 19. The stem cell controversy / Ted Peters -- 20. Stem cells and the Catholic church / Aline H. Kalbian -- 21. Testimony of Abdulaziz Sachedina / Abdulaziz Sachedina for National Bioethics Advisory Commission -- 22. Human embryonic stem cell research: an intercultural perspective / LeRoy Walters -- Pt. 5. Policy issues -- Editors' introduction -- 23. A time for restraint / Frank E. Young -- 24. The politics and ethics of human embryo and stem cell research / Kenneth J. Ryan -- 25. The basics about stem cells / Maureen L. Condic -- 26. Locating convergence: ethics, public policy, and human stem cell research / Andrew W. Siegel -- 27. Stem cells: public policy and ethics / Cindy R. Towns and D. Gareth Jones -- 28. Ethical consistency in embryonic stem cell research / Simon Clarke -- Further reading -- Glossary -- Contributor
Zooloogia-alaseid töid. IX = Труды по зоологии
No full text• J. Ristkok. Andmeid kalade kasvust ja kasvukarakteristikast Eestis
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• J. Ristkok ja K. Ruse. Ahja jõe hüdrobioloogiast
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• J. Ristkok. Kalade rände ja kudemise fenoloogiast Eestis 15 aasta vaatluste põhjal
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• L. Seppa. Paberelektroforees ja neutraalsete sooladega väljasoolamise meetodid kalade vereseerumi valkude uurimisel
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• Sisukord. Оглавлениеhttp://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1214426~S1*es
Episteme NS, Vol. 21, Nº 1, 2001
No full textContenido:BACETA, J.: ¿Qué es una variable?GALINDO, F..: Axiomatización de la silogística extendidaMANZANO, M.: Una nueva prueba de la incompletudde la lógica de segundo ordenNotas y discusiones:MULINO, A.: Lakatos desde Lakatos: la reconstrucción racional en cuestiónNEGRETE, J.: A la búsqueda de una Lengua InternacionalRecensionesROSALES, A.: HULL, D. Y RUSE, M. (Compiladores):The Philosophy of Biology. Oxford Readings in Philosophy, Oxford UniversityPress, 1998ZERPA. L.: NILSSON, Nils J.: Inteligencia Artificial.Una nueva síntesis (Traducción de Roque Marín Morales, José Tomás Palma Méndez y Enrique Paniagua Aris). Madrid, McGraw-Hill, 200
Horti Danubii
No full textFor a large stretch the border of Romania and Bulgaria runs over the Danube. At only two points this river is crossed by transportation infrastructure. One of the two points is the crossing between Ruse (Bulgaria) and Giurgiu (Romania). In these surroundings several places were visited along the Danube. Most of these observations turned out to be different from the expectations: the places were neglected at the backside of the countries. This seems to be caused by a lack of money from authorities and possibly a lack of awareness from the local population. The next part of the report is a search to a solution for this problem: how to create a connection between the existing ecological and recreational network and the river border area of the Danube? By the use of different methodologies the search is deployed. On the one hand several observations took place, strengthened by desk research. Not only in the studied stretch, but -parallel to this- as well studies of nature parks in Holland were undertaken. On the other hand a more theoretical approach took place, by the use of the patch-corridor-matrix-theory (Forman, 1995) and studies about animal-visitor interactions. Eventually a solution is found in the concept of connectivity and elaborating on this a green infrastructure: at every scale an interweavement between the recreational and ecological network and the river border area takes place. Neglected places are found and activated to create an interconnected network of protected nature areas. The otter and beaver form in this network the symbol of a healthy nature. On the L(arge)-scale, the stretch between Ruse and Silistra, a regional plan is elaborated with linked recreative routes that show the new green infrastructure. On the M(iddle)-scale of Ruse and Giurgiu a masterplan is drawn up with again linked recreative routes and an interconnected network of green areas that provide habitat for wild animals. On the S(mall)-scale one of the newly actived places is elaborated: the missing link between several valuable Natura 2000 areas at the island Luliaka. This part contains a detailed design of an otter and beaver nature park including a planting plan and several impressions.FlowscapesLandscape ArchitectureArchitecture and The Built Environmen
Écrire l' inganno. Nécromancie, sciomancie, géomancie dans la Divine Comédie
No full textInternational audienceThe unambiguous sentence that plunges magicians, fortune tellers and other sorcerers into the depths of the infernal abyss, and encourages us to see the author of the Divine Comedy as a loyal defender of Christian orthodoxy, seems less severe when Dante refers to two divinatory practices: “necromancy” (or more precisely sciomancy) in Hell, IX, and “geomancy” in Purgatory, XIX by closely associating them with the journey of discovery – and the process of expiation – sought by the pilgrim to the afterlife. This article wants to relate this exception, which at first sight could be described as heterodox, to the dramatization (fictio) of the crossing of the afterlife as an epistemology of salvation. Measured, then, in the light of the intellectual risks involved in a superhuman enterprise based on surpassing oneself and acquiring knowledge normally forbidden, these two divinatory arts come to underpin the aesthetic foundations of a poetry of transcendence. Necromancers and geomancers are thus integrated into a strategy of literary substitution that Dante uses to exorcise his fears of the validity of his cognitive performance throughout the Divine Comedy.Magiciens, devins, sorciers, nécromants, astrologues, augures : on ne saurait frapper les praticiens d' arts divinatoires illicites d' une punition plus humiliante que celle qui châtie Amphiaraüs, Aruns, Tirésias, Manto, Michele Scotto, Guido Bonatti et les nombreuses sorcières qui peuplent l' Enfer de Dante Alighieri. Tous sont plongés dans les profondeurs de l' abîme parmi les damnés coupables d' imposture envers autrui, dans la quatrième fosse du huitième cercle, la « bolgia des devins » 1 : telle est la punition particulièrement dégradante que la justice divine réserve à « chi affattura » 2 et a induit en erreur les êtres humains par le recours à la ruse et aux plus vils artifices : mirabilmente apparve esser travolto ciascun tra ' l mento e ' l principio del casso, ché da le reni era tornato ' l volto, e in dietro venir li convenia, perché ' l veder dinanzi era lor tolto 3
BIOLOGY AND IDEOLOGY FROM DESCARTES TO DAWKINS
No full textIntroduction / Denis R. Alexander and Ronald L. Numbers -- Ch. 1. The cultural authority of natural history in early modern Europe / Peter Harrison -- Ch. 2. Biology, atheism, and politics in eighteenth-century France / Shirley A. Roe -- Ch. 3. Eighteenth-century uses of vitalism in constructing the human sciences / Peter Hanns Reill -- Ch. 4. Biology in the service of natural theology: Paley, Darwin, and the Bridgewater Treatises / Jonathan R. Topham -- Ch. 5. Race, empire, and biology before Darwinism / Sujit Sivasundaram -- Ch. 6. Darwin's choice / Nicolaas Rupke -- Ch. 7. Biology and the emergence of the Anglo-American eugenics movement / Edward J. Larson -- Ch. 8. Genetics, eugenics, and the Holocaust / Paul Weindling -- Ch. 9. Darwinism, Marxism, and genetics in the Soviet Union / Nikolai Krementsov -- Ch. 10. Evolution and the idea of social progress / Michael Ruse -- Ch. 11. Beauty and the beast? Conceptualizing sex in evolutionary narratives / Erika Lorraine Milam -- Ch. 12. Creationism, intelligent design, and modern biology / Ronald L. Numbers -- Ch. 13. The ideological uses of evolutionary biology in recent atheist apologetics / Alister E. McGrath -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- Contributors -- Inde
PACE: Simple Multi-hop Scheduling for Single-radio 802.11-based Stub Wireless Mesh Networks
No full textIEEE 802.11-based Stub Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are a cost-effective and flexible solution to extend wired network infrastructures. Yet, they suffer from two major problems: inefficiency and unfairness. A number of approaches have been proposed to tackle these problems, but they are too restrictive, highly complex, or require time synchronization and modifications to the IEEE 802.11 MAC.
PACE is a simple multi-hop scheduling mechanism for Stub WMNs overlaid on the IEEE 802.11 MAC that jointly addresses the inefficiency and unfairness problems. It limits transmissions to a single mesh node at each time and ensures that each node has the opportunity to transmit a packet in each network-wide transmission round. Simulation results demonstrate that PACE can achieve optimal network capacity utilization and greatly outperforms state of the art CSMA/CA-based solutions as far as goodput, delay, and fairness are concerned
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