2,541 research outputs found
Fleck-like lesions in <i>CEP290-associated</i> leber congenital amaurosis: a case series
No full textTo provide a detailed ophthalmic phenotype of a small cohort of patients with Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) caused by mutations in CEP290 (CEP290-LCA) with a focus on elucidating the origin of yellow-white lesions observed in 30% of patients with this condition. This is a retrospective review of records of five patients with CEP290-LCA. Patients had comprehensive ophthalmic evaluations. Visual function was assessed with full-field electroretinograms (ffERGs) and full-field sensitivity testing (FST). Multimodal imaging was performed with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF) with short- (SW) and near-infrared (NIR) excitation wavelengths. All patients showed relative structural preservation of the foveal and near midperipheral retina separated by a pericentral area of photoreceptor loss. Yellow-white, fleck-like lesions in an annular distribution around the near midperiphery co-localized with hyperreflective lesions on SD-OCT. The lesions located between the inner segment ellipsoid signal and the apical retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The inner retina was normal. Longitudinal observations in one of the patients indicates the abnormalities may represent an intermediate stage in the degenerative process between the near normal appearing retina previously documented in young CEP290-LCA patients and the pigmentary retinopathy observed along the same region in older individuals.
We speculate that fleck-like lesions in CEP290-LCA correspond to malformed, rudimentary or degenerated, including shed, photoreceptor outer segments. The topography and possible origin of the abnormalities may inform the planning of evolving genetic therapies for this disease.</p
OS CONFLITOS DE GERAÇÃO NO SISTEMA DE ENSINO SUPERIOR SOB PRISMA DA EPISTEMOLOGIA DE COLETIVOS DE PENSAMENTO
No full textO objetivo deste ensaio teórico é analisar a aprendizagem escolar por meio dos conflitos de geração existentes sob o prisma da epistemologia de coletivos de pensamento de Ludwic Fleck, de modo a elucidar como a evolução nas gerações X, Y e Z influenciam em novas perspectivas de aprendizagem a partir de elementos constitutivos das relações sociais e culturais. Para esse artigo considera-se que a aprendizagem escolar sofre influencia de fatores intervenientes do contexto em que vivemos, sendo esses fatores advindos principalmente da revolução artificial do homem que derivam do impacto das tecnologias de informação sobre a natureza humana (SANTOS, 2007). Mediante o pressuposto da influência da tecnologia na aprendizagem humana, seria também oportuno considerar a evolução das gerações na aprendizagem, compreendendo que os professores precisam desenvolver a capacidade do exercício do ofício por meio das hipertecnologias, tanto no sentido de superar os fatores de desigualdade e desumanização, como também em realidades voltadas a um novo mundo que surge das tecnologias e comunicação virtual. Este contexto teórico e analítico da aprendizagem será representado em diferentes estilos de pensamento, em que a gestão integrada das diferentes gerações existentes deverá ser considerada a partir de um olhar sistêmico da aprendizagem escolar, caracterizada tanto como um círculo exotérico, que seria o sistema de ensino como um todo, como também nos diferentes estilos de pensamento que formam esse sistema, alunos, professores, pais e gestores escolares, todos eles caracterizados por Fleck como de círculos esotéricos, que estando conectados e compartilhando conhecimentos precisam contribuir efetivamente na formação de novos jovens através de um trabalho colaborativo e distribuidor de informações, melhorando a prestação de serviços de organizações escolares que buscam atender os atuais contextos da hipermídia
Sciences, objectivity and realism between Ludwik Fleck and contemporary debates
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, I explore the philosophical and scientific positions of Ludwik Fleck, author of the first theory of democratic science and, at the end of the day, a scientific realist. This interpretation of his work is somewhat at odds with the more standard approach, wherein Fleck is presented as a pioneer of relativism or of social constructivism in the philosophy of sciences. In the following, I discuss Fleck's philosophical context o er an analysis of a few of his better-known interpretations and offer a final perspective by showing his commitment to the reality of scientific practice, notwithstanding his scepticism towards scientific theories. And while this paper is an attempt to o er an alternative reading of Fleck's positions, it also aims at reaffirming a stance already defended by, among others, Ian Hacking. Scientific realism needs to be understood not in opposition to a historical perspective on dynamically developing sciences, but along with this perspective
Calesynthemis jeanlegrandi Fleck 2024, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Calesynthemis jeanlegrandi</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figures 1–21)</p> <p> <i> <i>Material</i>. Holotype ♂</i> and <i>Paratype</i> ♀: New Caledonia, Province Nord, Mont Panié, ca 900 m asl, 27-1-1988; collector J. Legrand; specimens stored dry in envelopes.</p> <p>Specimens will be deposited at the nonprofit organisation Earth-Safe (Lagorce, France), Insect collection, collection G. Fleck, number GF2312-01 (holotype) and GF2312-02 (paratype).</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i>. I am proud to name this species in honour to Jean Legrand, last Odonatologist of the MNHM. The species epithet is a noun in the genitive case.</p> <p> <b> <i>Description of male holotype</i>.</b> A large synthemistid with dark brown to black body showing green metallic reflections on the thorax, exhibiting white to whitish markings, and with strikingly long sinuous cerci (Fig. 1).</p> <p> <i>Head</i> (Fig. 2). Face, frons and vertex covered by long bristle-like dark brown setae except on ventral margin of labrum and anteclypeus. Labium and labrum dark brown. Anteclypeus yellowish orange, postclypeus brown with two large lateral white spots reaching eye margins. Frons glossy brown with two small lateral white spots reaching eye margins; prominent and strongly bilobed, each lobe bearing a frontal flat ovate area. Vertex dark brown uniformly rounded dorsally. Antennae brown at base and with long flagellum turning progressively light brown distally. Eyes in contact dorsally for a very short distance (ca 0.5 mm) in their anterior part. Posterolateral margin of eyes with small indentation (remnant of larval eye, often encountered in corduliids). Occiput dark brown, in dorsal view with slightly rounded posterior margin and rather long triangular anterior intrusion.</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i> (Figs 1, 3). covered by pale hair-like setae. Legs rather short compared to other body dimensions, hind leg (ca 18 mm) being distinctly shorter than half of HW length and slightly shorter than third of abdominal length including anal appendages. Legs with tibiae and tarsi dark brown to blackish; profemora brown with irregular pale yellowish spot at midlength; protrochanter light brown with yellowish streak ending at distal margin; mesofemora and metafemora brown at base becoming gradually dark brown toward apex; mesotrochanter and metatrochanter with brown outer side and paler inner side. Tibial keels present on all legs, occupying 50–55% on the protibiae, 60% on the mesotibiae and 75–80% on the metatibiae. Ventral tooth of tarsal claws well developed and situated at about 2/3 to 3/4 of claw length (see Fig. 5). Prothorax light brown to brown; hind lobe with rounded margin and regularly covered by rather short setae. Pterothorax brown with bluish to greenish metallic reflections (depending on light incidence) and with whitish and thin (ca 1 mm width) metepisternal and metepimeral stripes; pterothorax additional distinct and contrasting whitish markings on mesepisternal ante-alar ridge, on infraepisterna with small spot close to ventral margin, on mesonotum, and on meso-metanotal suture.</p> <p> <i>Wings</i> (Figs 1, 4): hyaline with saffron tinge at base. This saffron spot better developed in HW, reaching first crossvein of median and submedian spaces and occupying anal triangle. Veins dark brown to brown except extreme base of all costae (humeral plate, or DCP sensu Ninomiya & Yoshizawa 2009) showing a clearly delimited white dorsal spot. Membranulae well developed, brown, nearly as long as anal triangle in HW. Pt yellowish — light brown, rather long (ca 5% of wing length) and with proximal and distal margins roughly parallel; pterostigmal brace present, rather weak and slightly distal to Pt proximal margin. FW nodal ratio of ca 1.17 (see Fleck & Haber 2022); HW nodus shifted basally with nodal ratio ca 0.78. Basal antenodal of second rank (between ScP and R) anterior to primary Ax1 presents in both pair of wings; all primary Ax1 and Ax2 (crossvein of first rank between C and ScP and crossvein of second rank between ScP and R aligned, reinforced and bracketlike) separated by a secondary crossvein (crossvein of first rank and crossvein of second rank not aligned and not reinforced); FW Ax 23 (left wing)–21 (right wing) of the first rank (including primaries) and 23 of the second rank (including primaries and basal crossvein); several FW Ax of the first rank aligned or sub-aligned with those of the second rank but only Ax1 and Ax2 reinforced and bracketlike; HW Ax5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 (left wing) and Ax5, 7, 9 and 12 (right wing) of first rank of primary type (aligned with those of second rank, reinforced and bracketlike), reinforcement of these Ax diminishing distally (thus the HW presents a succession of primary type crossveins separated by secondary crossveins).</p> <p>HW Ax 15 (left wing)–14 (right wing) of the first rank (including primaries) and 17–15 of the second rank (including primaries and basal crossvein). FW Px 16–15; HW Px 19–18. Crossveins distal to Pt 4 or 5 (left FW). Arculus distinctly distal from the level of Ax 2 in all wings; sectors fused on a rather long distance (about as long of the basal closure in FW and twice the basal closure in HW); basal closure short, about 1/4 of common stem of RP+MA. Bridges with 7 or 8 crossveins. Median spaces with 4 crossveins; submedian spaces with 7 or 8 (left FW) crossveins. Hypertriangles with 2 or 3 (left FW) crossveins. All discoidal triangles 2-celled. FW subtriangles 3- celled; no distinct HW subtriangles; position of anteroproximal angle of HW discoidal triangle distinctly distal to posterior crossvein of arculus (separated by 2 cells of submedian space). No distinct Mspl nor Rspl. FW MA and MP separated at triangle by 3 cells, then separated by 2 cells to the level of RP3/4 (distinctly convergent near triangle then parallel), and separated by 3 or more cells distal to the level of RP3/4 (distinctly divergent). Anal loop as long as broad with 9–10 cells; posterior margin of anal loop and posterior wing margin separated by 3 (left) or 3–4 (right) rows of cells; presence of a smaller secondary anal loop made by 4 cells. Anal triangle well defined, twice as long as broad and 2-celled with crossvein posteriorly shifted, oblique and strongly curved. Anal angle well defined, tornus distinct and made by slight and short enlargement of the wing margin, apparently covered by microstructures.</p> <p> <i>Abdomen</i>. Slender, slightly depressed laterally, slightly longer than HW, and in lateral view moderately swollen at S2 (Figs 1, 3, 5). Brown on S1–2, on anterior part of S3, on dorso-lateral part of S7 and on S8–10; remainder of S3 and S7, and S4–6 dark brown to black (passage from brown to dark brown and dark brown to black progressive) (Figs 1, 3). S2 with a pair of transverse whitish lateral strips occupying dorsal surface of oreillets and ending as slender tip close to middorsal carina (thus strips not meeting dorsally) and with a pair of longitudinal whitish strips bordering ventral margins of tergite (Figs 3, 5); S3 with a pair of longitudinal thin and distally tapering whitish strips bordering 1/4 of ventral margins of tergite; S3–4 with pair of transverse lateral stripes bordering anterior margin of segment and not meeting dorsally, those of S3 particularly distinct, developed on ca 2/3 of lateral part and whitish, those of S4 much less distinct occupying about 1/3 of lateral part and yellowish-brown (Figs 1, 3); S3–7 with pair of pale yellowish lateral spots centred on transverse median carina (Figs 1, 3); S8 extreme ventral base and basal 2/3 of tergal ventral longitudinal carina whitish, and S9 ventral distal half white (partly visible on Figs 11, 13); epiproct brown, cerci brown at base turning progressively white, with whitish tinge occupying ca distal 1/2 and bright white occupying ca distal 1/3 of the cerci (Figs 1, 11–14). Posterior margin of oreillets covered by minute protuberances and denticles. S10 with dorso-basal protuberance bearing clump of long and strong setae mimicking a dorsal horn (Figs 1, 11–13).</p> <p> <i>Accessory genitalia</i>: lamina anteriore rather long, occupying approximately anterior 1/3 of genital fossa and presenting a posterior margin strongly excavated flanked laterally by a pair of apically strongly chitinized subrectangular flaps (hamuli anteriores likely merged with lamina <i>sensu stricto</i>); hamuli posteriores bipartite, with a basal part -mostly hidden in lateral view by ventral margin of tergite- slightly swollen and bearing a smooth divergent indentation (probably made to secure anterior part of the penis V 1 in copulae), and with an apical part strongly curved and back directed, narrowing distally, and ending as a pointed process slightly curved laterally (Fig. 5).</p> <p> <i>Vesica spermalis</i> (penis): as in Figs 6–10, with noteworthy features: V1 distinctly ventrally inflated and appearing sub-rectangular in ventral view (Figs. 6–7); V2 with strong hump (Figs 6, 8); V3 rather short with low proximal horns exhibiting posterior minute rounded protuberance (Figs 6–9); V4 with short first distal horn (dh1) strongly chitinized (Figs 6, 8) exhibiting branches strongly divergent at base (Fig. 10), with second distal horn (dh2) appearing as two semitranslucent slightly asymmetrical lamellae (Figs 6, 8), and with flagellum-like very long V4- furrow apically recurved (Fig. 6) showing overlap of margins on its right side (Fig. 8).</p> <p> <i>Caudal appendages</i> (Figs 11–14). <i>Cerci</i>: exceptionally long, much longer -in dorsal view- than S9+10 (ratio of cerci length / length of S9+10 = 1.71) and longer than S8+9 [note: due to strong dorso-ventral undulation, true developed length (7.2 mm) distinctly greater than dorsal projected length (6.0 mm)]; in lateral view sinuous, strongly down curved distally with apex perpendicular to body axis; in dorsal view sub-parallel/slightly divergent to the level of epiproctal apex then convergent and distally overlapping (natural or due to preservation of specimen?); base with marked dorsal transverse bead close to S10 reinforced distal margin (acting probably as dorsal/lateral blocking system); base strong, slightly higher than broad, thinning rapidly distally and giving to 2/3 distal of cerci a flattened appearance; strong inner carina vanishing at distal 1/3; inner surface remarkably glabrous, except for basal 1/4 covered by scarce and weak setae; dense field of long and thin setae (thinner and slightly shorter than, or as long as setae forming S10 clump) covering basal 1/4 of ventral side; lateral side covering with thin setae of moderate to very important length, the longest (length twice or more that of S10 clump setae) between distal 7/10 and distal 9/10. All setae brown to blackish. <i>Epiproct</i>: in lateral view strongly curved with robust latero-ventral carina extending from base to basal 6/10 of length and a weaker latero-dorsal carina extending from basal 1/10 to basal 4/10; in dorsal view, thin, triangular and truncated at apex; apical region bearing (1) a sub-apical pair of strongly chitinized small tubercles made each by jointed proximal minute rounded molar tooth and minute acute distal tooth, and bearing (2) an apical pair of small spiny protuberances.</p> <p> <i>Measurements</i> (mm). Total length (including caudal appendages) 66.0, FW length 43.0 (wingspan ca 87), HW length 42.0, abdomen length (including caudal appendages) 52.0, cerci 6.0 (dorsal projection from base to apex) (7.2 true developed dorsal length), epiproct 3.3 (ventral projection from base to apex).</p> <p> <b> <i>Description of female paratype</i>.</b> Distinctly larger and stouter than male but with similar appearance and almost identical in colour pattern (Figs 15–17, compare with Figs 1–3). Thus, only distinct differences with holotype mentioned.</p> <p> <i>Wings</i> (Figs 15, 18): Broader, with HW ratio length/width = 3.13 (male HW ratio = 3.7). Basal saffron tinge slightly more expanded (clearly reaching first crossvein of median and submedian spaces in both pair of wings). Pt reddish brown. HW Ax5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 14 (left wing) and Ax5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 (right wing) of first rank of primary type. Bridges with 5 to 8 crossveins. Median spaces with 4 or 5 crossveins; submedian spaces with 8 or 9 crossveins. All discoidal triangles 3-celled. FW MA and MP separated at triangle by 4 cells. Anal loop very large with 27–31 cells; posterior margin of anal loop and posterior wing margin separated by 5 rows of cells; smaller secondary anal loop with 8 cells.</p> <p> <i>Abdomen</i>. Well developed dorso-ventrally, strongly depressed laterally, and in lateral view very slightly swollen at S2 (Figs 1, 17). Pair of thin distally tapering whitish strips bordering ventral margins of tergites slightly better developed and occupying basal ventral 6/10 to 7/10 of S3, 6, 7, 8; those of S6 the thinner and somewhat inconspicuous, those of S8 well marked and forming distinct subrectangular markings (see Fig. 19). Pair of S4 transverse lateral stripes bordering anterior margin of segment distinct and whitish. S9 ventral distal half and S10 proximal half greyish brown, intersegmental membrane whitish (Fig. 19). S10 with a dorsal small but dense field of setae of moderate length close to posterior margin (probably homologous to remarkably developed male structure) (Fig. 21, indicated by arrow). Cerci long, longer than S9+10; slightly flattened dorso-ventrally tapering distally with obtusely pointed apex; covered by long brown to dark brown setae; brown at base turning rapidly white with clear white occupying ca distal 2/3 to distal 3/4 depending on view-point, i.e. less extended dorsally. Epiproct well developed grossly tile-shaped, down tilted, and nearly as long as S10 (Fig. 21).</p> <p> <i>Ovipositor</i>: as in Figs 19–21, with remnant of V1 (vulvar lamina) reaching about middle of S9, sub-triangular in lateral view, showing rounded apex in ventral view, and with medial notch well marked, deep and V-shaped (Fig. 20). Remnant of V2 (median process) hidden by V1 and hardly visible, subcylindrical, slightly curved with apex in contact with V1.</p> <p> <i>Measurements</i> (mm). Total length (including caudal appendages) 74.0, FW length 50.0 (wingspan ca 102), HW length 49.0, abdomen length (including caudal appendages) 57.5, cerci 4.0.</p> <i>Differential diagnosis</i> <p> <i>Calesynthemis jeanlegrandi</i> is a large and well differentiated species. The female belongs among the fullest bodied representatives of the family and is comparable in dimension to <i>Calesynthemis serendipita</i> Winstanley considered to be the largest species (Fig. 22); <i>C. serendipita</i> has a broader abdomen, but the length of the abdomen and wings is about the same, and <i>C. jeanlegrandi</i> shows larger head, stouter thorax and broader HW base. This new species is probably closely related to <i>C. miranda</i> Selys. The male can easily be separated from allied species but also from all other synthemistids by the unique shape, length, and colour of the caudal appendages, and by the remarkable S10 dorsal brush mimicking a horn. The female can be separated from congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) pterothorax with green metallic reflexions and with two distinct whitish lateral thin stripes, (2) wingspan more than 90 mm, costae brown with distinct basal white spot, and basal saffron tinge not overpassing distinctly first costal, subcostal, median and submedian spaces crossveins, (3) cerci largely white, longer than S9+10, and not up turned.</p>Published as part of <i>Fleck, Günther, 2024, A remarkable new synthemistid from New Caledonia (Odonata: Anisoptera: Synthemistidae s. str.). Taxonomic and phylogenetic note on New Caledonian Synthemistidae and erection of a new genus, pp. 320-330 in Zootaxa 5403 (3)</i> on pages 321-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5403.3.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10561942">http://zenodo.org/record/10561942</a>
O ensino da medicina veterinária preventiva e saúde pública nos cursos de medicina veterinária: estudo de caso realizado na Universidade do Estado de Santa Catariana
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação. Programa de Pós-Graduação em EducaçãoÉ apresentado um estudo de caso realizado no curso de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) tendo como objetivo analisar o ensino da Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Pública. Foram identificados três campos dentro da Medicina Veterinária: Clínica Veterinária, Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Pública, e, Zootecnia e Produção Animal. A epistemologia de Fleck foi utilizada como fundamento do trabalho, estabelecendo-se relação entre a categoria epistemológica estilo de pensamento e os campos de atuação da profissão. Realizou-se análise documental dos currículos do curso da UDESC e dos currículos das escolas pioneiras de Medicina Veterinária, além de entrevistas semi-estruturadas aplicadas em estudantes, professores do curso e médicos veterinários. A análise dos dados obtidos indicou que as concepções de natureza social e preventiva recebem pouco destaque dentro do curso, o que faz com que o estilo de pensamento da Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Pública seja pouco enfatizado. Conclui-se haver necessidade de transformação da estrutura do pensamento coletivo por meio da reflexão sobre a índole da profissão e pelo estímulo à circulação coletiva de idéias. Sugere-se modificação no âmbito da composição curricular baseada na Teoria Geral dos Sistemas, dispondo-se de núcleos correspondentes aos três campos de atuação da profissão
O movimento do sangue no corpo humano: história e ensino
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação.Neste trabalho analisa-se o conhecimento sobre o movimento do sangue no corpo humano considerando os contextos de sua produção e de sua disseminação. Um resgate histórico sobre o desenvolvimento do conceito de circulação sangüínea no corpo humano foi realizado a partir de uma perspectiva epistemológica referenciada em categorias da teoria do conhecimento de Ludwik Fleck. Analisa-se a dinâmica da circulação inter e intracoletiva de idéias, bem como a instauração, extensão e transformação dos estilos de pensamentos sobre a circulação do sangue que se sucederam historicamente. Relativamente à disseminação desse conhecimento no âmbito da educação escolar, foi investigado o ensino da circulação do sangue através das práticas docentes e do conteúdo exposto nos livros didáticos. Foram analisados livros da educação fundamental e média e, examinados, de forma pontual, manuais utilizados na formação dos docentes de ciências e de biologia. Com o uso articulado dos resultados desta análise e de entrevistas realizadas com professores da educação fundamental e média foi possível caracterizar e tecer considerações a respeito do ensino da circulação sangüínea no corpo humano. Argumenta-se que os problemas que este tema apresenta no seu ensino precisam ser enfrentados com práticas docentes diferentes daquelas que historicamente vêm sendo desenvolvidas. Defende-se a necessidade da inserção da história e da filosofia da ciência em cursos de formação de professores. É sugerida uma abordagem para o ensino da circulação sangüínea segundo uma concepção do processo de produção do conhecimento científico distinta da visão reducionista que tem caracterizado a disseminação e o ensino das ciências naturais
Navicordulia pascali Fleck & Juillerat 2019, n. sp.
No full text<i>Navicordulia pascali</i> n. sp. <p>(Figs 1-4)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B097AFD1-A942-4829-9AEA-FDAE462979DD</p> <p> MATERIAL EXAMINED. — <b>Holotype.</b> ♂, French Guiana, Cayenne Province, St-Elie, Barruol Mounts, 4°19’N, 53°17’W, 170 m, 7.III.2013, at light trap, P.-H. Dalens, S. Fernandez & S. Brûlé leg., MHNN. <b>Paratype.</b> ♂, French Guiana, Maripasoula / Mitaraka, 2°14’N, 54°27’W, 320 m, SLAM, 15.III.2015, “ La Planète Revisitée, Guyane 2015” expedition, MNHN PNI, APA 973-1, canopy interception trap label MI-15-0629-03, MNHN.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — This new species is dedicated to Mr Olivier Pascal, head and responsible of the expedition “Our Planet Reviewed Guyane-2015”, during which the paratype was collected. The first author is grateful for the kind invitation to participate in this expedition.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p> <i>Holotype</i></p> <p> <b>State of preservation.</b> Very good. Only a few cells at apex of the left FW are missing, and S7-9 are artificially slightly laterally compressed.</p> <p> <b>Body.</b> Medium-sized dragonfly. Head and thorax hairy. Body with metallic reflections, blackish abdomen and lacking citron-yellow markings (Fig. 1A).</p> <p> <b>Head.</b> Face, frons, vertex and occiput covered by strong black hair-like setae (Fig. 1B). Labium light brown yellowish, labrum light brownish orange, clypeus brownish orange, frons with lower margin light brownish orange and with upper and dorsal parts with strong green to bluish metallic reflections (depending of light incidence, Fig. 2). Vertex dark brown with green metallic reflections, slightly flattened due to the presence of two very low tubercles. Antennae dark brown with long flagellum. Eyes in contact over a rather long distance dorsally of <i>c.</i> 0.9 mm (Fig. 1B). Posterolateral margin of eyes with a small indentation (often encountered in corduliids). Occiput dark brown.</p> <p> <b>Thorax.</b> Covered by pale hair-like setae (Fig. 1B). Legs relatively long compared to body dimension, hind-leg being distinctly longer than the half of the HW (<i>c.</i> 59%) and distinctly longer than the half of the abdomen excluding anal appendages (<i>c.</i> 65%). Legs with tibiae dark brown to blackish, tarsomeres blackish and tarsal claws dark brown; profemora light brown with apical half turning gradually dark brown (Fig. 1B), mesofemora mainly blackish/dark brown with about basal 1/4 brown, metafemora blackish/dark brown. Mesotrochanter with a lateral row of eight blunt small spines, metatrochanter with reduced similar row with only three or four smaller spines. Tibial keels present on prothoracic and metathoracic legs and occupying respectively 25-26% and 83-85% of the tibiae. Ventral tooth of tarsal claws well developed and situated at about 3⁄5 of claw. Prothorax light brown to yellowish, with posterodorsal rounded margin covered by a fringe of rather long hair-like setae; no tergal process <i>sensu</i> Pinto & Lamas (2010) visible. Synthorax brown with strong green metallic reflections and some copper reflections depending of light incidence (Fig. 1A, B).</p> <p> <b>Wings</b> (Fig. 2A, B). Light saffron tinged; veins black to dark brown; membranulae well developed, brown; pterostigmata dark brown, with proximal and distal margins almost parallel, distal margin being slightly more oblique than proximal one (angular difference <i>c.</i> 20° in FW and 10° in HW); FW nodus moderately shifted distally with base-nodus ratio 0.54 (see Machado & Costa, 1995); FW antenodal crossveins 10 of the first rank (between C and ScP) and 9-10 of the second rank (between ScP and R); four basal and four distal FW antenodals of the first rank aligned or sub-aligned with those of the second rank but only Ax1 and Ax2 distinctly reinforced and bracket-like; gap separating Ax1 and Ax2 distinctly more important than gaps separating other antenodals; HW antenodals 6 (first rank) + 6 (second rank) with those of first rank and those of second well aligned, reinforced and bracketlike, the reinforcement diminishing distally; FW postnodal crossveins 6-8; HW postnodal crossveins 8; crossveins distal to pterostigma 2-3 (2 on left HW); base of pseudo-IR1 distinctly distal to Pt in FW and below Pt in HW; base of the sectors of arculus slightly proximal to Ax 2 in FW and HW; sectors of arculus very shortly united in FW and HW; bridges with only one crossvein, this one placed distal to subnodal transverse; all hypertriangles and discoidal triangles free; FW subtriangles elongated and 2-celled; no HW subtriangles (submedian space crossed only by basal CuP between anal triangle and anal loop); position of antero-proximal angle of HW discoidal triangle shortly but distinctly proximal to posterior crossvein of arculus; Rspl rather well defined, with concavity distinct but vein somewhat zigzagged and covering one row of 5-6 cells on FW and HW; Mspl rather poorly defined in FW and covering one row of 4 cells; Mspl weak in HW and covering one row of about 4 cells; FW discoidal field with two rows of cells except at posterior wing margin (3 cells) and with MA and MP grossly parallel up to distal part of Mspl, distally very slightly convergent; anal loop with 11-13 cells and distinct midrib; anal loop with 2 cells at submedian space margin, distally not dilated, thus without distinct toe and with sole (CuAb) made by 2 cells; anal loop and posterior wing margin separated by 2 rows of cells throughout; anal triangle well defined, rather well elongated and 2-celled; typical generic strong anal triangle excavation; anal angle strongly marked.</p> <p> <b>Abdomen.</b> Slender but distinctly club-shaped distally in dorsal view, slightly longer than HW, brown on S1-2 and anterior part of S3, progressively turning black on S3, black on S4- 10. Longitudinal ventral membranes and adjacent carinae on S7-9 brown to yellowish. Green and purple metallic light gloss on dorsal S2-5, hardly visible metallic purple gloss on dorsal S6-7 and faintly visible green metallic gloss on dorsal S8-9. In lateral view abdomen swollen at S2 and anterior part of S3, narrowing from S3 to anterior half of S5, then slightly expanding again from distal half of S6 to S9 (Fig. 1A); in dorsal view constricting on S3, expanding progressively from distal S4 to posterior margin of S7, then constricting again at S9. Lateral carina extending from distal 2/3 of S4 to S8, inconspicuous on S4 and progressively better marked from S4 to S8. Dorsal carina weak to absent, except on S10, where it appears as a small crest. S1-4 and S10 oval or subcylindrical in cross section, and S5-9 hemicylindrical in cross section due to flattened ventral side; anterior lamina and hamule of secondary accessory genitalia similar to those found in other species (Fig. 2C). S2 tergal ventral margin bearing anteriorly a dense fringe of long and strong setae and delimiting distally a triangular genital lobe caudad directed (Fig. 2C). <i>Vesica spermalis</i> (Figs 2 D-G) on the whole similar to that of the other species; V4 median flagellum stronger, much strongly sclerotized and distinctly longer than lateral flagellum and therefore <i>vesica spermalis</i> close to the type B of Machado & Costa (1995); sclerotized part of V4 ending as a distinct and well erected distal horn (see Pfau 2011); no trace of a third small flagellum (see below). Pilose complex of S7 mostly hidden but visible parts identical to those of paratype (see below). Pilose complex of S8 comparable to those of other species (see Machado & Costa 1995) with an anterior glabrous area occupying the proximal 2⁄10 of the sternite continued by a field of long, fine, straight and ventrally directed setae extending from proximal 2⁄10 of sternite to its posterior margin; longest setae of this field situated close to lateral margins of proximal 2⁄10 to 4⁄10 of sternite (cf. Fig. 4F). Cerci (superior anal appendages) blackish/dark brown, rather short, about as long as S9+ 10, grossly club-shaped with in dorsal view a thinner anterior part extending from base to about distal 4⁄10 of cercus length and a posterior part larger and with rounded apex (Fig. 3A). Cerci in dorsal view well separated at base, slightly convergent from base to about proximal 6⁄10, and almost parallel from proximal 6⁄10 to apex (Fig. 3A). Cerci with a smooth and small dorsal tubercle close to inner margin and in contact with S10, with strong basal ventral tooth situated at distal 2⁄10, and with well-developed lateral tubercle <i>sensu</i> Machado & Costa (1995) situated at distal 7⁄10 (Fig. 3); presence of a low ventral elongated bulging devoid of setae (ventro-medial tubercle?) extending from about 5⁄10 to near the level of lateral tubercle at distal 7⁄10 (Fig. 3B). Cerci with two strong lateral carinae, the proximal one extending from base of cercus to proximal base of ventral tooth, and the second one starting from near ventral apex of ventral tooth and ending close to lateral tubercle after short attenuation (Fig. 3B, cf. also Fig. 4E); presence of a weak and short ventro-medial carina extending from the level of distal part of ventral tooth (but not connected to this structure) to the base of the ventral bulging (thus extending of about 1.5/10 of the cercus length). In lateral view, transition from anterior concave part to posterior convex part of ventral margin of cerci situated distinctly proximal to lateral tubercle/distal end of second lateral carina (Fig. 3B). Distal half of cerci without dense brush of long setae (pilosity made by regularly distributed setae) (Fig. 3). Epiproct (inferior anal appendage) about 3/4 length of cerci, blackish to dark brown, thin and triangular in ventral or dorsal view and with apical margin shortly truncated, slightly bilobed due to tip curved upwards, and forming a short acute ridge (Fig. 3).</p> <p> <b>Holotype measurements (mm).</b> Total length (including anal appendages) 40.1, eyes contact c. 0.9, FW length 26.0, HW length 25.1, FW pterostigma 1.7, HW pterostigma 1.8, pro-/meso-/metathoracic legs length (including coxa and trochanter) 10.7/12.7/15.6, metatibia length 5.6, abdomen length (including anal appendages) 29.2, superior anal appendages (cerci) 1.8, inferior anal appendage (epiproct) 1.2, abdomen width at S2 2.2, at median part of S4 (minimal width) 1.1, at posterior margin of S7/anterior margin of S8 2.3 (maximal width) (slightly laterally compressed due to mode of preservation).</p> <p> <i>Variations in paratype and complement of description</i></p> <p> <b>State of preservation.</b> Medium due to its mean of collect using a canopy interception trap with collector container filled with low salinity water (heavy rains) and, in spite of care, due to difficult transport of recipient from collecting point to base camp. Left prothoracic leg, right prothoracic tarsus, right mesothoracic tibia and tarsus and left metathoracic tarsus missing; parts distal to Pt missing or damaged in all wings; apex of right cercus broken.</p> <p> <b>Head.</b> Frons with lower margin brownish orange and with upper and dorsal parts with strong copper to green metallic reflections (depending of light incidence). Vertex dark brown with strong green metallic and light copper reflections (depending of light incidence). Eyes in contact over a slightly shorter distance dorsally of <i>c.</i> 0.8 mm (Fig. 4A).</p> <p> <b>Thorax.</b> Metathoracic tibial keel 81-82%.</p> <p> <b>Wings.</b> Distal half of left HW aberrant. General coloration hyaline with very light dirty grayish saffron tinge. FW antenodal crossveins 10 of first rank and 10 of second rank; FW antenodals of first rank aligned or sub-aligned with those of second rank except for the two more distal ones on right FW. Gap separating Ax1 and Ax2 only slightly greater than gaps separating other antenodals. FW postnodal crossveins 6. Base of sectors of arculus at level of Ax 2 in FW. Mspl rather weak and poorly defined and covering one row of 3 cells in FW and HW. Anal loop with 13-14 cells. Anal loop and posterior wing margin separated by 2 rows of cells except on left wing where posterodistal part of anal loop is separated by one cell from wing margin.</p> <p> <b>Abdomen.</b> Penis almost identical to that of holotype except for the remarkable presence of a third short, very thin and somewhat straight flagellum having its base close to right side of the base of strong median flagellum (Fig. 4 B-D, see text below). Epiproct reaching basal 9⁄10 of the cercus length [this distinct difference with holotype is very probably due to the strong and probably artificial bent of S10, compare Fig. 3B with Fig. 4E].</p> <p> <i>Description of the S7 pilose complex</i> (Fig. 4F)</p> <p>Presence at distal 6/10 of the sternite of a kind of large tubercle bearing long, straight and caudad directed setae implanted on postero-dorsal surface. This tubercle connected to 4 carinae: 1) an anterior one occupying about 1.5⁄10 of the sternal length and strengthening distally; 2) two lateral ones, weak and slightly oblique and bearing on posterior margin a row of caudad directed setae decreasing in length toward lateral extremities; and 3) a posterior one well defined on about 0.5⁄10 of sternal length and distally progressively weakening to a rounded fold before vanishing. At about distal 8/10 of sternite presence of a transversally elongated low subtriangular tubercle of granular aspect (insertion of setae) delimited anteriorly by a thin transversal groove and bearing long, straight and caudad directed setae. Pleural membrane at level of distal pilose tubercle, with a brush of long straight medio-caudally directed setae.</p> <p> <i>Comparison of the vesicae spermalis</i></p> <p> The penis of the two specimens are almost identical except for the presence in the paratype of an additional third small flagellum placed between the two usual ones. This flagellum appears more cylindrical in ethanol and its bifid apex is hardly visible, once dried it appears, as the other flagella, somewhat flattened, and the bifid apex appears more clearly (Fig. 4B). The presence of a third flagellum within the genus was never reported before. Its unique presence in the paratype is remarkable and somewhat mysterious. As the paratype seems to be a submature (penis less sclerotized, wings less tinged, and body colors less pronounced), we assume that this small flagellum could be cut by autotomy during mating and could prevent sperm removing by other males. It is also possible that this flagellum is the result of a teratologic or atavistic process (the sister genus <i>Metaphya</i> Laidlaw, 1912 exhibits five processes at apex of the penis, see remark 1 below). Complementary study and more material are needed to try to answer to this riddle.</p> <p> <b>Paratype measurements (mm).</b> Total length (including anal appendages) 39.5, FW length 28.0, HW length 26.5 (estimation, post-Pt missing), FW pterostigma 1.8 (at C and RA veins), HW pterostigma 1.75 (at C and RA veins), pro/ meso-/metathoracic legs length (including coxa and trochanter) – (incomplete)/12.7/15.5, metatibia length 5.6, abdomen length (including anal appendages) 27.0, superior anal appendages (cerci) 1.9, inferior anal appendage (epiproct) 1.7, abdomen width at S2 2.4, at median part of S4 (minimal width) 1.1, at posterior margin of S7/anterior margin of S8 2.8 (maximal width).</p>Published as part of <i>Fleck, Günther & Juillerat, Laurent, 2019, The genus Navicordulia Machado & Costa, 1995 (Insecta, Odonata, Corduliidae s. str.): new species, identification key for males and data on ecology and distribution, pp. 553-565 in Zoosystema 41 (27)</i> on pages 554-559, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a27, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3726094">http://zenodo.org/record/3726094</a>
Effect of Process Parameters in Additively Manufactured Sensors prepared via Material Extrusion Processes: Correlation among Electrical, Mechanical and Microstructure Properties
No full textFusion-based Material Extrusion (MEX) Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes have been extensively used for the fabrication of smart structures with embedded sensors, proving to have several benefits such as reduction in cost, manufacturing time, and assembly. A major issue negatively affecting 3D printed sensors is related to their poor electrical conductivity, as well as inconsistent electrical performance, which leads to electrical power losses amongst other issues. In the present paper, a set of process parameters (ironing, printing temperature, and infill overlap) has been analyzed by performing a Design of Experiment (DoE) factorial plan to minimize the electrical resistance. The best process parameters configuration involves a remarkable reduction of electrical resistance of 47.9%, as well as an improvement of mechanical properties of 31.9% (ultimate tensile strength), 25.8% (elongation at break) and 28.14% (flexural stress). The microstructure of the obtained results has also been analyzed by employing a high-resolution, X-ray Computed Tomography (X-Ray CT) system showing a reduction of intralayer voids of 19.5%. This work demonstrates a clear correlation between process parameters and the corresponding electrical properties, mechanical properties, and internal microstructure. In the present research, it has been shown that i) it is possible to significantly improve the overall 3D printed sensors performance by process parameter selection, and ii) small changes in the microstructure lead to remarkable improvements in electrical and mechanical performance
Epidemiologia e epidemiologia crítica: considerações sobre diferentes estilos de pensamento
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde PúblicaA maioria dos estudos epidemiológicos é norteada pela utilização dos conceitos e instrumentos da clínica e da matemática, desde a ascensão da bacteriologia. Até aquele momento, a medicina social e os estudos sobre a situação do trabalho nas fábricas européias davam ênfase à determinação social do processo saúde-doença. Essa centralidade da epidemiologia nos parâmetros estatísticos, atrelada aos conceitos biologicistas das doenças, granjeou numerosas críticas de dentro do próprio campo epidemiológico; com propostas de construção de uma chamada epidemiologia crítica. Esta, buscava resgatar os conceitos de determinação e aplicá-los nas análises epidemiológicas, juntamente com a utilização de uma metodologia marxista de investigação. Esta dissertação teve como objetivo caracterizar as diferenças existentes entre a epidemiologia crítica e a epidemiologia em geral (aqui chamada de clássica), com apoio no referencial epistemológico de Ludwik Fleck, em especial no conceito de estilo de pensamento. Para tal, utilizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os debates teóricos a respeito, com análise de conteúdo da literatura, da qual emergiram cinco categorias, usadas para analisar as diferenças em foco: "conceituação do termo", "objeto de estudo", "risco e causalidade", "processo saúde-doença" e "metodologias de análise". As categorias foram discutidas quanto às principais distinções encontradas. Concluiu-se pela existência de relevantes diferenças entre essas correntes da epidemiologia, a ponto de poderem conformar distintos estilos de pensamento. The greater number of epidemiologic studies is developed by the concepts and instruments from clinic and mathematics since the bacteriology's ascension. Until that moment, social medicine and studies about work situations in European factories had emphasis on social determination for health-disease process. This kind of epidemiology on statistics levels, linked to biologic concepts of diseases, brought many critiques inside the epidemiologic's field, with proposals to construct a critique epidemiology. It intended to ransom the concepts of determination and apply them into epidemiologic analysis, united with the utilization of a marxist methodology of investigation. This dissertation objectified to characterize the differences between critique epidemiology and epidemiology in general (here called classic epidemiology), based on epistemological reference by Ludwik Fleck, especially on the concept of style of thought. To this end, it was done a bibliographic research about the theoretical discussion of epidemiology, with content's analysis of literature, from what emerged five categories, used to analyze the differences in focus: "conception of epidemiology", "object of study", "risk and causality", "health-disease process" and "methodology of analysis". It discusses them from the principal distinctions found. It was concluded that there were relevant differences between these tendencies of epidemiology, enough to conform distinct styles of thought
A epistemologia de Ludwik Fleck em pesquisas sobre formação de professores de ciências no Brasil
No full textOrientadora: Joanez AiresDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ciências e em Matemática. Defesa : Curitiba, 31/08/2018Inclui referências: p. 113-116Resumo: O epistemologo Ludwik Fleck, autor da obra Gênese e Desenvolvimento de um Fato Científico, por meio do estudo de caso de uma doenca, discute o processo de construcao da Ciencia. No Brasil vem sendo desenvolvidas diversas pesquisas em educacao cientifica utilizando Fleck como principal referencial, isso porque os preceitos teoricos desse autor trazem importantes contribuicoes para a compreensao da Ciencia. Tendo em vista as potenciais contribuicoes de Ludwik Fleck para as pesquisas sobre Ensino de Ciencias, dada sua ascendente utilizacao nestas, bem como meu interesse pela tematica formacao de professores, construi o seguinte problema de pesquisa: Qual o estado do conhecimento sobre formacao de professores de ciencias, em teses e dissertacoes brasileiras que utilizam o referencial fleckiano? Para responder tal questionamento, o presente trabalho versa sobre a Epistemologia desenvolvida por Ludwik Fleck, por meio da pesquisa exploratoria e descritiva, de carater quanti qualitativo, seguindo os referenciais da pesquisa do tipo estado do conhecimento, segundo Romanowski e Ens (2006), que definem esta metodologia como um estudo que aborda apenas um setor das publicacoes sobre o tema, como, neste caso, as teses e dissertacoes. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos pressupostos da Analise Textual Discursiva (MORAES, 2003) tendo por base as categorias de Ludwik Fleck. Os resultados apontam que os conceitos, ou categorias, mais utilizados foram Estilo de Pensamento, Coletivo de Pensamento, Complicacoes, Mutacoes, Circulos Esotericos e Exotericos e Trafegos Intercoletivos e Intracoletivos de Ideias. Na maior parte das pesquisas, o objetivo principal foi o de identificar, conhecer e discutir quais os EP dos docentes, de quais Circulos e Coletivos fazem parte, de que forma cursos de formacao inicial ou continuada podem possibilitar modificacao no Estilo de Pensamento vigente e quais sao as influencias dessa mudanca na atuacao profissional desses docentes. Palavras-chave: Epistemologia. Ludwik Fleck. Formacao de Professores.Abstract: The epistemologist Ludwik Fleck, author of the book Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact, through the study of a case of a disease, discusses the process of construction of Science. several researches in scientific education were developed using Fleck as the main reference: Since the potential contributions of Ludwik Fleck to the research on Science Teaching, their increasing use, as well as my interest in the theme of teacher training, I constructed the following research problem: What is the state of knowledge in Science teachers formation, in Brazilian theses and dissertations that use the Fleckian reference? In order to answer such questioning, the present dissertation portrays the Epistemology developed by Ludwik Fleck, through exploratory and descriptive research, of qualitative quantitative character and will follow the survey data of the knowledge state type according to Romanowski and Ens (2006), which define that methodology as a study that addresses only one sector of publications on the subject, such as, in this case, theses and dissertations. The data were analyzed through the assumptions of the Discursive Textual Analysis (MORAES, 2003) based on the categories of Ludwik Fleck. The results indicate that the most used concepts or categories were Thinking Style, Collective Thinking, Complications, Mutations, Esoteric and Exoteric Circles and Intercollective and Intracollective Trafficking of Ideas. In most researches, the main objective was to identify, to know and to discuss which Thinking Styles of the teachers, to which Circles and Collectives are part, in which form of initial or continued training can make possible modification in the current Thinking Style and which the influences of this change in the professional performance of these teachers. Keywords: Epistemology. Ludwik Fleck. Teacher training
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