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SYARI’AH DALAM KONTEKS NEGARA MODERN DI DUNIA ISLAM
Full text linkPada masa klasik, ketika konsep negara masih berdasarkan agama, penerapan syari’ah tidak terlalu mengundang masalah. Namun dalam konteks modern, ketika negara tidak lagi didasarkan atas suatu agama, penerapannya tidak bisa disamakan sepenuhnya dengan penerapannya dalam konteks klasik. Pengalaman menunjukkan bahwa penerapan syari’ah dalam konteks modern dengan paradigma klasik lebih banyak memunculkan madarat daripada manfaat. Ini adalah tantangan bagi penerapan syari’ah dalam konteks modern. Dalam menjawab tantangan ini, ada dua hal penting yang harus dilakukan. Pertama, mengetahui dan mengenali prinsip dasar penerapan syari’ah. Pertanyaan apa prinsip yang mendasari penerapan syari’ah harus dijawab terlebih dahulu sebelum melangkah pada upaya penerapan syari’ah. Kedua, menemukan dan merumuskan metodologi penerapan syari’ah yang tepat agar penerapannya benar-benar mendatangkan manfaat, bukan madarat, yang seluas-luasnya
HAM ISLAM DAN DUHAM PBB: Sebuah Ikhtiar Mencari Titik Temu
Full text linkMeski secara umum memiliki kesamaan dengan Deklarasi Umum Hak
Asasi Manusia (DUHAM) Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa, konsep Hak Asasi Manusia
(HAM) dalam Deklarasi Kairo memiliki spesifikasi tertentu yang berbeda. DUHAM
bersumber dari paradigma Barat, sementara Deklarasi Kairo berbasis syariat. Dilihat
dari perspektif DUHAM, ada beberapa hal spesifik dalam HAM versi Dunia Islam yang
dinilai melanggar HAM. Dengan melakukan pemaknaan ulang terhadap beberapa
konsep Islam, tulisan ini menemukan adanya peluang agar Deklarasi Kairo dengan
DUHAM bisa berjalan beriringa
Ulama Bawean dan Jejaring Keilmuan Nusantara Abad XIX-XX
Full text linkAkar tradisi keilmuan ulama Bawean terbentuk dari satu mata rantai dalam sebuah rangkaian sanad keilmuan ulama Nusantara alumni Haramayn. Berikut di antara nama-nama tokoh ulama generasi pulau Bawean yang mendapatkan perhatian khusus dalam kajian buku ini: K.H. Khatib Syahar (Pekalongan), Kyai Muhammad Amin (Sukaoneng), K.H. Muhammad Yasin (Kepuh Teluk), Kyai Abdurrahman Khalil (Teluk Dhelem), Kyai Hatmin (Laccar), Kyai Abu Bakar Asyik (Teluk Kalompang), dan Kyai Asyiq Mukri (Gelam). Meskipun tidak terlibat secara langsung dalam jaringan ulama Haramayn, mereka banyak menghabiskan waktunya meniti pesantren di tanah Jawa, sebagai penerus estafet intelektual dalam hubungan murid dan guru yang terus berlanjut dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya hingga mengembangkan tradisi keilmuan mereka di kampung halaman masing-masin
PEMIKIRAN TEOLOGIS KAUM SALAFÎ: Studi atas Pemikiran Kalam Ibn Taymiyah
Full text linkIn the field of kalam (Islamic theology), some major themes, like attributes of Allah, will of Allah and human freedom, or Quran as words of Allah, have become debate topics between thought schools of kalam in Islam. Because of the complexity of those topics, the debate becomes eternal, without an agreed end. Among those thought schools of kalam in Islam involved in the debate is salaf school, held by Ibn Taymiyah. In his opinion, the school is the right one because it quite conforms to Quran and sunna. By way of thought (manhaj) of salaf school, Ibn Taymiyah also takes part in explaining those major themes in his works. In the case of the will of Allah and human freedom, for example, he doesn’t agree with the Qadarite school’s thought and the Jabarite school’s thought although in this he hasn’t yet stretched out a convincing explanation. This essay will analyze the way of thought (manhaj) of salaf school and Ibn Taymiyah’s opinion about those major themes, especially in his book Majmû‘ al-Fatâwâ
Pemikiran Ibn Taymīyah tentang Sharī‘ah sebagai Tujuan Tasawuf
Full text linkIbn Taymīyah rejects no all doctrines of Sufism although he criticizes some of them. He, for an instance, does firmly refuse altogether the doctrine of waḥdat al-wujūd and fanā’. Ibn Taymīyah has a unique concept of sufism, which differs from other concepts of Sufism promulgated by other sufis, especially those of Wujūdīyah proponents. Ibn Taymīyah’s concept of Sufism puts great emphasis on it appropriateness with stipulations of sharī‘ah. The compatibility of sharī‘ah and tasawuf has been the main feature of his model of Sufism. When other Sufis start their mystical journey from the stage of sharī‘ah, Ibn Taymīyah puts sharī‘ah as the final stages. To him sharī‘ah is the main goal of mystical journeys; tasawuf should be based on sharī‘ah and it also must end to sharī‘ah. Using al-Taftazānī’s perspective this study finds that the character of Ibn Taymīyah’s Sufism is Taṣawwuf Akhlāqī. This is so because he prefers to purify morality than such mystical experiences as waḥdat al-wujūd or fanā’ and the uses of symbols to reveal the mystical experiences
PROBLEM SUBJEKTIFITAS DALAM TAFSIR BI AL-MA’TSUR, TAFSIR BI AL-RA’YI, DAN TAFSIR BI AL-ISYARAH
Full text linkSubjektivitas adalah salah satu faktor penyebab terjadinya kesalahan dalam penafsiran. Untuk menghasilkan penafsiran yang benar, sang penafsir harus membuang jauh-jauh unsur subjektif dirinya. Pertanyaannya, mungkinkah dalam proses penafsiran sang penafsir dapat membuang unsur subjektif dirinya? Bukankah dalam proses penafsiran, unsur subjektif sang penafsir tidak bisa dilepaskan dari diri sang penafsir itu sendiri? Jika demikian halnya, bagaimana mengatasi dilema subjektivitas (yang menjadi penyebab kesalahan, di satu sisi, dan menjadi unsur tak terpisahkan, di sisi lain) ini dalam penafsiran? Untuk menjawab dilema ini, satu hal perlu ditegaskan, subjektivitas penafsir pasti ada dalam proses penafsiran, namun tidak semua subjektivitas itu menjadi penyebab kesalahan. Subjektivitas yang menjadi penyebab kesalahan adalah subjektivitas yang tidak lagi menghiraukan rambu-rambu penafsiran yang sudah digariskan para ahli tafsir, subjektivitas yang berusaha menaklukkan nash di bawah kepentingan pribadi atau mazhabnya. Namun, jika subjektivitasnya masih mengikuti kaidah-kaidah penafsiran yang disepakati para ulama tafsir disertai niat ijtihad mencari kebenaran, maka subjektivitas macam ini adalah subjektivitas yang dibenarkan. Â Kata kunci: subjektifitas penafsir, dilema subjektifitas, subjektifitas penyebab kesalahan dan subjektifitas yang dibenarkan
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Nabi Musa Menampar Malaikat Maut: Jalan Tengah Polemik Hadis Musykil
Full text linkHadith which tells the story of the Prophet Musa slapping the angel of death invites polemic among the scholars. There is a group that can accept it with various explanations, there are also those who consider death is unacceptable even though the sanad is valid. Therefore this hadith is included as an improbable hadith.
This paper tries to find a way out of the polemic. In this discussion, the author can accept opinions that reject this Hadith if the flow of understanding can be accounted for. However, the author can also accept opinions that accept it if the flow of understanding can be accounted for. An important part that must be revealed immediately in this hadith is the certainty whether or not Moses knew that what came to him was the grim reaper. If an explanation of this has been obtained, of course, we are easier to determine the attitude of accepting or rejecting this hadith. But certainty is difficult to obtain because the text of this hadith does not explicitly inform it. So what must be done now is tawaqquf
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