116 research outputs found
« Bez carja zemlja vdova » : Syncrétisme dans le Vremennik d'Ivan Timofeev
No full textTamara Kondratieva et Claudio-Sergio Ingerflom, "Bez Lsaria zemlia vdova". Syncretism in the Vremennik of Ivan Timofeev.
The Vremennik of Ivan Timofeev stands out against the sources of the Time of Troubles because of its efforts at conceptualizing. One term occurs throughout the narrative: "the earth". It refers both to Russia and to the other meaning it has in Russian culture : "Mother - damp earth" associated with, indeed identified to, the "native" mother and the Mother of God. The dynastic rupture, the civil war and the foreign intervention that followed have the same cause: before dying the last Riurikovich had not left in the womb of earth the embryo that was entitled to reign. The tsar is therefore the husband and the son of the same wife-mother. The non-fulfilment of the incest appears as a break of the natural order. To stress his idea, Timofeev resorts to a "parable": a rhetorical device destined to express the "truth". With the accession of Mikhail Romanov, accompanied by his mother, the widowhood of the earth is ended. The new tsar is then legitimate. Timofeev's work shows that the dvoeverie - intermingled paganism and Christianity - extended to the society as a whole, cannot be ignored by the historian of Russian politics.Tamara Kondratieva et Claudio-Sergio Ingerflom, « Bez carja zemlja vdova ». Syncrétisme dans le Vremennik d'Ivan Timofeev.
Parmi les sources du Temps ties Troubles, le Vremennik d'Ivan Timofeev se distingue par son effort de conceptualisation. Un terme est présent tout au long du récit : la « terre ». Il y renvoie à la fois à la Russie et aux autres signifiés qu'il possède dans la culture russe - la « Mère-terre humide », associée, voire identifiée, à la mère « natale » et à la Mère de Dieu. La rupture dynastique, la guerre civile et l'intervention étrangère qui s'ensuivent ont une même cause : avant de mourir, le dernier Rurikide n'a pas laissé clans le ventre de la terre l'embryon appelé à régner. Le tsar est donc l'époux et le fils de la même femme-mère. Le non-accomplissement de l'inceste apparaît comme la rupture de l'ordre naturel. Pour appuyer son propos, Timofeev s'exprime par « parabole », la figure rhétorique chargée de dire la « vérité ». Avec l'avènement de Michel Romanov accompagné de sa mère, la viduité de la terre prend fin. Le noveau tsar est dès lors légitime. L'œuvre de ce noble de service montre que la dvoeverie - paganisme et christianisme enchevêtrés - propre à l'ensemble de la société, ne peut pas être ignorée par l'historien de la politique russe.Ingerflom Claudio-Sergio, Kondratieva Tamara. « Bez carja zemlja vdova » : Syncrétisme dans le Vremennik d'Ivan Timofeev. In: Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique, vol. 34, n°1-2, Janvier-Juin 1993. Noblesse, État et société en Russie XVIe - début du XIXe siècle. pp. 257-265
Rescue-ICP trial
No full textTrial of Decompressive Craniectomy for Traumatic Intracranial Hypertension Peter J. Hutchinson, Angelos G. Kolias, Ivan S. Timofeev, Elizabeth A. Corteen, Marek Czosnyka, and other RESCUEicp Trial Collaborators N Engl J Med 2016; 375:1119-1130September 22, 2016DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa160521
Compte rendu de 'Evolyoutsiya postsovetskogo prostranstva: proshloe, nastoyashchee, budushchee'
No full textCompte rendu de l'ouvrage "Evolyoutsiya postsovetskogo prostranstva: proshloe, nastoyashchee, budushchee:khrestomatiya", dirigé par Ivan N. Timofeev and Timur A. Makhmutov, Moscow, RIAC, 2017, pp. 352, ISBN 978-5-6040387-0-
State Dilemmas in Contemporary World Order
No full textThe problems of the world order is often seen through the interaction of the leading centers of power. Nevertheless there is another approach, locating actorhood in the state, which forms the world order. State acts in international affairs, it has the right of legitimate violence, it also has the ability to concentrate the economic and human resources. Obviously, the nature of the state as part of the international system has an effect on the system itself, defining its key parameters. From that point of view, some questions arise: what happens to the state? What is the effect of its transformation on the contemporary world order? Why the state is changing? What hierarchy of states exists in the contemporary world order? The author proceed from the following theses. First, the nation state is no longer a universal formula of nation building. However, there is no balance between two key foundations of a legitimate order - fairness and efficiency. Second, the current world order is a mosaic of fundamentally different states. Each state is trying to find a formula for the combination of a fairness and efficiency. These formulas do not always coincide with each other, and it underlays the stability in international relations. Third, a small group of major powers still play the key role in the world order. The issue of sovereignty of many countries remains open. World order, as well as a state, is characterized by imbalance between equity and efficiency. The awaited harmony of these two principles may be spoofed again the triumph of efficiency oover justice -maintenance of order through the balance of power and a rigid hierarchy
COVID-19 and the policy of sanctions: An event analysis
No full textThe article aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of sanctions as a
foreign policy tool. The following research questions are posed: in what way did COVID-19 affect
the policy of sanctions around the world? To what extant did the initiators of sanctions
change their restrictions? Where did COVID-19 rank on the global sanctions agenda? What
was the position of the UN as a key institution of global governance and what was the reaction
of the key countries that initiated the sanctions? The main hypothesis is that COVID-19 has
not significantly altered the existing sanctions regime. No single initiator-state has changed its
sanctions regime in principle, but states have made a number of humanitarian exemptions.
However, these exemptions are limited and sanctions have continued to be imposed as usual.
In some areas, COVID-19 has even exacerbated international tensions and raised the risks
of sanctions, especially in U. S.—China relations. The hypothesis was tested using the event
analysis method of sanctions episodes during the pandemic (March-June 2020). The research
provides an analysis of quantity and quality of events and their distribution among initiators.
Emphasis is placed on the study of events connected to COVID-19. The results reveal a limited
impact of COVID-19 on sanctions policy and highlight the weakness of the UN to affect the
behavior of key sanctions initiators even in conditions of a global threat such as COVID-19.Part of the research was carried out with the support of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation
(project No. 18-18-00439)
Techniques for Portraying a Main Character in Yakut Epic: Investigating Olonkho Texts of Nyurgun Bootur the Swift by P. Oyunsky and Kulun Kullustuur the Obstinate by I. Timofeev-Teploukhov
No full textIntroduction. The article examines Yakut heroic olonkho epics — Nyurgun Bootur the Swift by P. Oyunsky and Kulun Kullustuur the Obstinate by I. Timofeev-Teploukhov — for techniques employed to create portraits of main characters. According to N. Yemelyanov, the olonkho Kulun Kullustuur the Obstinate recorded from taleteller I. Timofeev-Teploukhov clusters with earliest patterns of archaic epic, while that of Yakut writer P. Oyunsky (Nyurgun Bootur the Swift) is the first literary adaptation of olonkho texts. The study attempts an insight into how and which particular portrayal techniques were used by P. Oyunsky and I. Timofeev-Teploukhov to depict main characters of theirs. The comparative approach to the narratives recorded in different periods shall make it possible to trace the use of portrayal techniques, which shall underline the unique artistic features characterizing each of the taletellers, and show how such portrayal patterns developed to gain deeper associative essentials in further olonkho texts. Goals. The study aims to identify some distinct features inherent to the techniques of creating main characters’ portraits in the olonkhos Nyurgun Bootur the Swift and Kulun Kullustuur the Obstinate, and outline ethnic specifics in portrayal characteristics. To facilitate this, the paper shall classify portrayals, articulate types of techniques and their functions in portraying a main character, identify stable formulas employed to depict heroes, determine specific features of portrayal as a key technique for the making of an epic hero. The work reviews the existing types of epic portraits, their functions and attributes, examines some visual means serving to unveil the images of main characters. Results. The study attests to the examined narratives are characterized by an increased stability of depictive portrayals with peripheral parts (artistic and emotional epithets) tending to vary. Each such depictive portrayal proves multifunctional, semantically wide, and technically relevant. The descriptions of the heroes’ appearances are somewhat idealized and rich in comparisons, repetitions, evaluative epithets. Portrayal agendas of P. Oyunsky vary through history and depend on actual artistic methods and style employed by the author who pays special attention to fictional details depicted in the context of folk traditions. The study of the techniques helps identify which innovative tools P. Oyunsky used when he was creating his Nyurgun Bootur the Swift
Simulation of radiative-conductive heating of semitransparent layer on semi-infinite substrate
No full textIn Search of Solutions for the Peasant Problem in the Russian Social and Political Vocabulary (1st-19th Century)
No full textАнализируется взаимосвязь понятий «рабство» и «свобода» в социально-политическом лексиконе образованного российского подданного первой четверти XIX в. В результате сравнительно-контекстуального анализа источников определяются характерные особенности представлений современников о стратегии и тактике решения крепостной проблемы.The author analyzes the connection between the notions of slavery and freedom in the social and political vocabulary of educated subjects of 1st 1/4 19th century Russia. The comparative and contextual analysis serves to determine the peculiarities of the idea the people of the time had of the strategy and tactics aiming to solve the problem of serfdom
Sanctions against Iran: Lessons for Russia in the new international context
No full textThe escalation of sanctions pressure and the expansion of the range of sanctions used against
Russia provides for understanding the importance of studying international experience in
countering restrictive measures. The article discusses the features of the application of sanctions
against Iran, their impact on the economy of the state, as well as the mechanisms and
ways of its adaptation to the restrictive measures of Western countries. The authors identify
typological similarities, in view of which the study of the Iranian experience is significant for
Russia, and differences that deserve attention in terms of understanding Russia’s capabilities in
this area. Iran has been under sanctions for several decades, large-scale and numerous restrictions
have been applied against it. The nuclear deal contributed to eased sanctions pressure
for a short period only, proving that such agreements on concessions by the target country in
response to the lifting of restrictions by the initiating states are not always sustainable. As a
result of the analysis, the main stages of imposing sanctions against Iran are defined. The authors
highlight the trend towards sanctions against the energy and financial sector and its constant
tightening, as well as the increasing number of participants in the coalition of initiating countries and the UN Security Council resolution on measures against Iran. The UN Security
Council sanctions are viewed as serious measures in terms of foreign policy implications. In
addition, the authors reveal the key elements of Iran’s policy in the field of countering restrictive
measures and adapting the economy to them. Measures related to structural changes
in the economy, optimization of the social sphere, use of imperfection of sanctions regimes,
diversification of international partners are indicated as such components. Thus, Iran’s experience
in adapting to sanctions can rather be characterized as successful and relevant for Russia,
despite the different starting positions
Photonic Topological Insulator Based on Frustrated Total Internal Reflection in Array of Coupled Prism Resonators
No full textTotal internal reflection occurs at the interface between two media with different refractive indices during propagation of light rays from a medium with a higher refractive index to a medium with a lower refractive index. If the thickness of the second medium is comparable to a specific light wavelength, then total internal reflection is violated partially or completely. Based on the frustrated total internal reflection, herein we discuss a two-dimensional photonic topological insulator in an array consisting of triangular, quadrangular, or hexagonal transparent prism resonators with a narrow gap between them. An array of prism resonators allows topologically stable edge solutions (eigenwaves) similar to those studied in ring resonators. Moreover, total internal reflection occurs at different angles of incidence of light. This makes it possible to obtain a set of fundamentally new edge solutions. The light is presumably concentrated at the surface; however, in the new solutions it penetrates relatively deep into the photonic topological insulator and excites several layers of prisms positioned beyond the surface. Remarkably, the direction of light propagation is precisely biased, and therefore new solutions exhibit lower symmetry than the resonator array symmetry
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