129,930 research outputs found
Transient outward K+ current (ITO) reduction prolongs action potentials and promotes afterdepolarisations: a dynamic-clamp study in human and rabbit cardiac atrial myocytes
No full textBackground and aim: Human atrial transient outward K+ current (ITO) is decreased in a variety of cardiac pathologies, but how ITO reduction alters action potentials (AP) and arrhythmia mechanisms is poorly understood, owing to non-selectivity of ITO blockers.<p></p>
Aim: to investigate effects of selective ITO changes on AP shape and duration (APD), and on afterdepolarisations or abnormal automaticity with beta-adrenergic-stimulation, using the dynamic-clamp technique in atrial cells.<p></p>
Methods and Results: Human and rabbit atrial cells were isolated by enzymatic dissociation, and electrical activity recorded by whole-cell-patch clamp (35-37oC). Dynamic-clamp-simulated ITO reduction or block slowed AP phase 1 and elevated the plateau, significantly prolonging APD, in both species. In human atrial cells, ITO block (100% ITO subtraction) increased APD50 by 31%, APD90 by 17%, and APD-61mV (reflecting cellular effective refractory period) by 22% (P<0.05 for each). Interrupting ITO block at various time points during repolarisation revealed that the APD90 increase resulted mainly from plateau-elevation, rather than from phase 1-slowing or any residual ITO. In rabbit atrial cells, partial ITO block (~40% ITO subtraction) reversibly increased the incidence of cellular arrhythmic depolarisations (CADs; afterdepolarisations and/or abnormal automaticity) in the presence of the beta-agonist isoproterenol (0.1 μM; ISO), from 0% to 64% (P<0.05). ISO-induced CADs were significantly suppressed by dynamic-clamp increase in ITO (~40% ITO addition). ISO+ITO decrease-induced CADs were abolished by beta1-antagonism with atenolol at therapeutic concentration (1 μM).<p></p>
Conclusion. Atrial cell action potential changes from selective ITO modulation, shown for the first time using dynamic-clamp, have the potential to influence reentrant and non-reentrant arrhythmia mechanisms, with implications for both the development and treatment of atrial fibrillation
Método potenciodinâmico aplicado ao estudo da difusão iônica limitada por camada porosa em substratos de ITO
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Florianópolis, 2013.Esta dissertação tem como objetivo estudar o comportamento do substrato transparente condutor composto por óxido de índio dopado com estanho (ITO) durante tratamento catódico em eletrólitos inertes de NaCl, KCl, KI e AlCl3, em diferentes concentrações possuindo a mesma força iônica e em seu pH natural. Após o tratamento é observada a formação de partículas esféricas metálicas de In-Sn, decorrentes da redução do ITO. A morfologia dos depósitos varia com o eletrólito usado e com a velocidade do processo de redução. Os resultados obtidos através dos estudos potenciodinâmicos dos eletrodos indicam um processo controlado por resistência ôhmica. O comportamento resistivo observado durante a formação da camada porosa metálica sugere a aplicação do modelo de resistência de camada porosa LPRM (do inglês Layer-Pore Resistance Model) para análise do processo. No entanto, o modelo LPRM, na forma como foi originalmente desenvolvido, não descreve bem o processo. Uma modificação ao modelo é proposta, a partir da qual, logra-se obter bons ajustes do modelo às curvas potenciodinâmicas. O conjunto de parâmetros extraído do ajuste de curvas obtidas com diferentes taxas de varredura mostra boa correlação com o crescimento da camada porosa e pode ser interpretado como uma medida do caminho difusivo que os íons do eletrólito necessitam percorrer para atingir a camada de ITO subjacente. A modificação da morfologia do substrato durante o processo de redução catódica foi caracterizada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia de força atômica (AFM). Da análise da rugosidade superficial, obtida das micrografias de AFM, extraiu-se o comprimento de correlação, que mede a granularidade da camada porosa. Usando conceitos simples de passeio aleatório, foi possível estabelecer uma relação entre o caminho difusivo iônico determinado eletroquimicamente, e a morfologia da camada porosa, para os diferentes eletrólitos utilizados.Abstract : This work investigates the behavior of transparent conducting substrates composed of indium tin oxide (ITO) during cathodic treatment in inert aqueous electrolytes (NaCl, KCl, KI e AlCl3), using different concentrations with same ionic force. The treatment causes the formation of spherical metallic particles of In-Sn, resulting from ITO reduction. It is possible to observe that the morphology of deposits is affected by the electrolyte composition and sweep rate. Potentiodynamic studies indicate a process controlled by Ohmic resistance. The resistive behavior observed during growth of the porous metallic layer suggests the application of the Layer-Pore Resistance Model (LPRM) to analyze the results. However, the LPRM model, in its original form, does not give a good description of the process. A modified version of the LPRM is proposed, which yields very good fits to the potentiodynamic curves. The set of fit parameters extracted from the curves, obtained at different scan rates, shows a good correlation with the growth of the porous layer, and could be interpreted as a measure of diffusion paths that ions must travel to reach the underlying ITO layer. The changes on morphology of the substrates during the cathodic reduction was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). From the roughness analysis obtained from the AFM micrographs, a correlation length was determined that describes the granularity of the porous layer. Using simple concepts of random walk, it was possible to establish a relationship between the ionic diffusion path determined electrochemically, and the morphology of porous layer, for the different electrolytes used
Hydroptila nago Ito & Shimura 2019, sp. nov.
No full textHydroptila nago Ito sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Hydroptila sp.: Ito, 2015, 15, Okinawa-jima. Diagnosis. The male of this species is similar to that of Hydroptila dorsoprocessuata Botosaneanu 1993, known in eastern Russia, in having a long dorsal process on segment IX, an elongate-rectangular semi-membranous dorsal plate, and long triangular inferior appendages. However, H. nago is clearly discriminated from H. dorsoprocessuata as follows: The aedeagus is bifurcate in H. nago but single in H. dorsoprocessuata; and in lateral view, the subgenital plate is extended caudad to near the tip of the inferior appendages in H. nago, but is relatively short, reaching only to the middle of the inferior appendages in H. dorsoprocessuata. Description. Male. Wings brown in alcohol. Forewings each 1.6–1.9 mm long, hind wings each 1.2–1.3 mm long (n = 2). Antennae brown, 1.2–1.3 mm long, 21–23-segmented (n = 2). Short ventromesal process on abdominal segment VII. Male genitalia (Figs 1 A–1E). Segment IX moderately long with anterior margin produced into long dorsal process (d.pr.) at middle of posterior margin in lateral and dorsal views. Dorsal plate (d.pl.) mostly membranous, elongate-rectangular with shallow middle apical excavation in dorsal view. Subgenital plate (s.pl.) subrectangular in basal half in ventral view, abruptly produced distally in long bar with apical seta. Inferior appendages (i.a.) long without any lobes, rod-like in lateral view, long-triangular in ventral view. Phallic apparatus with short titillator (ti.) at basal 1/3, aedeagus (ae.) and sclerotized sclerotized extension of ejaculatory duct (ej.du.) directed caudad, almost straight; aedeagus bifurcate, each half acute apically. Female. Unknown. Holotype. Male, Japan, Ryukyu, Okinawa-jima, Nago-shi, Genka, Genka-gawa, Hogen-hashi (26.6292 N, 128.0847 E, 90 m above sea level, 8.iv.2011, T. Ito, light trap (CBM-ZI 167018). Paratype. 1 male, type locality, 17–19.x.2014, T. Ito, light pan trap (CBM-ZI 167019). Etymology. The name “ nago ” is a noun in apposition, coined from the type locality. Distribution. Japan (Ryukyu: Okinawa-jima). Remarks. The adults of this species were collected near fast-flowing rivers with stony substrates. Japanese name. Nago-hime-tobikera.Published as part of Ito, Tomiko & Shimura, Noriyoshi, 2019, Notes on six microcaddisfly species (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) recorded for Japan, one a newly described species, pp. 26-38 in Zootaxa 4629 (1) on pages 26-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/326826
Hydroptila ogasawaraensis Ito 2011
No full textHydroptila ogasawaraensis Species Group Ito Diagnosis. Males of this species-group are somewhat similar to those of the H. pulchricornis Species Group of Marshall (1979), a small Palearctic group, in having a short, subacute apicoventral process on abdominal sternite VII, relatively short and annular segment IX with a narrow (longitudinally short) dorsal bridge, and an almost straight and fine phallic apparatus, but they can be discriminated from the later by the length of the inferior appendages: The relative length of the appendages to segment IX is more than 1.0 in the H. pulchricornis Species Group (Marshall 1979; Ito et al. 2011), but 0.5–0.8 in this new H. ogasawaraensis Species Group. Final instar larvae of the H. ogasawaraensis Species Group are also similar to those of the H. pulchricornis Species Group, but differ from the later by the presence of dorsal chloride epithelia on abdominal segments I–VI or a depressed oblong head capsule; in contrast, the described larvae of the H. pulchricornis Species Group species have the chloride epithelia on segments II–VI and a roundish head capsule and include H. phenianica Botosaneanu 1970, H. dampfi Ulmer 1929, and H. oguranis Kobayashi 1974 (Ito 2021). Male: Pair of anterolateral processes of sternite V each with two setae, one long and one short; sternite VII with short, subacute, ventral process; segment IX short, annular with narrowly transverse dorsal bridge; phallic apparatus almost straight; and inferior appendages moderately short. Final instar larva: Small dorsal sclerites or small dorsal chloride epithelia on abdominal segments I–VI or with depressed, oblong head capsule. Species belonging to the Group: Hydroptila ogasawaraensis, H. demersa sp. nov., H. ishiura sp. nov., H. tokoyo sp. nov., H. hahajima sp. nov., and H. nagahama sp. nov. All species are endemic to the Ogasawara Islands. Remarks: Larval morphology differs greatly between H. demersa and the other five species, but the molecular phylogeny suggests that they all belong to the same species group (Fig. 2). Japanese name: Ogasawara-himetobikera-shugun.Published as part of Ito, Tomiko, Sasaki, Tetsuro, Takahashi, Chicaco, Sugawara, Hirotaka & Hayashi, Fumio, 2023, The family Hydroptilidae Curtis (Trichoptera) in the Ogasawara Islands, northwestern Pacific, with particular reference to adaptive radiation in the oceanic islands, pp. 141-164 in Zootaxa 5231 (2) on pages 160-161, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5231.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/757677
Microptila orienthula Kjaerandsen and Ito
No full text<i>Microptila orienthula</i> Kjaerandsen and Ito <p>(Figs 1, 4 A, 5)</p> <p> <i>Microptila orienthula</i> Kjaerandsen and Ito 2009, 177–180, male, female, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); Nishimoto and Nishimoto 2014, 63, Japan (Honshu).</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. Length of each forewing and hind wing 1.6–2.2 mm and 1.4–1.8 mm, respectively (n = 4). Antennae each 19-segmented and 0.6–0.9 mm long (n = 4).</p> <p>Genitalia (Figs. 1 B–1G). Segment IX (IX) annular, dorsally with deep and wide triangular excision at anterior margin, posterior margin with shallow and wide concavity, transverse tergal bridge very narrow, dorsal midline about 1/10 as long as segment IX in dorsal view (Fig. 1 C); in ventral view (Fig. 1 D) anteroventral margin with shallow triangular concavity, posteroventral margin with deep wide concavity. Tergite X (t X) quadrate with large median triangular concavity caudally in dorsal view (Fig. 1 C), semimembranous and transparent, lateral margins lightly sclerotized. Subgenital plate (sg plate) semimembranous with slightly sclerotized lateral margins, twice as long as tergite X (Figs. 1 B, 1C), long ovate with tiny U- or V-shaped excavation caudally in dorsal view (Fig. 1 E). Inferior appendages (inf app) well developed, setose, without any branches, each with basal 2/3 stout, tapered in distal 1/3 (Figs. 1 B, 1D), apex in ventral view incurved and acute (Fig. 1 D), in ventromesal view (Fig. 1 F) basal 2/ 3 with longitudinal setose ridge mesally and apical 1/3 triangular with strongly sclerotized dorsomesal edge. Phallus elongate, with slender titillator (ti) arising near apical 1/3, wrapped around phallus 1.5 times (Fig. 1 G).</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. Length of each forewing and hind wing 1.3–1.8 mm and 1.3–1.6 mm, respectively (n = 4). Antennae each 18-segmented and 0.4–0.6 mm long (n = 4).</p> <p>Abdominal segments I–VII densely covered with long thick setae. Segment VII (VII) tergite and sternite fused laterally, conical in ventral view (Fig. 1 H). Segment VIII (VIII) almost as long as segment VII, often withdrawn into segment VII, ventroposterior margin slightly protruded in some specimens (Figs. 1 H–1J).</p> <p> <b>Specimens examined</b>. <b>Type specimens</b>: 3 males, 2 females, <b>Japan</b>, <b>Hokkaido</b>, Shiriuchi-cho, hygropetric zone beside Idesu-gawa, 12.vii.2008, T. Ito (CBM-ZI 135131–135135, on slides).</p> <p> <b>Additional records</b> (other than those of Kjaerandsen and Ito 2009): <b>Japan, Honshu, Niigata</b>: 42 males, 12 females, Itoigawa-shi, Kotaki-gawa, 300–400 m above sea level (a.s.l.), 14.viii.1998, T. Hattori. <b>Toyama</b>: 3 males, Nanto-shi, Taira-mura, Nashidani-gawa, 450 m a.s.l., 30.vii.1995, T. Hattori. <b>Shizuoka</b>: 10 males, 2 females, Shizuoka-shi, Nyujima, 400 m a.s.l., hygropetric zone, 5.vii.1989, T. Hattori; 10 males, same locality, 11.vi.1999, T. Hattori; 2 males, same locality, 18.vi.2001, T. Hattori; 18 males, 2 females, Shizuoka-shi, Yugashima, 400 m a.s.l., hygropetric zone, 30.viii.2005, T. Hattori; 3 males, 1 female, Shizuoka-shi, Akazawa, hygropetric zone, 2.ix.2009, T. Hattori; 1 male, same locality, 19.ix.2013, T. Hattori & T. Ito; 9 males, 4 females, Hamamatsu-shi, Komyo-san, 29.viii.2009, T. Torii. <b>Aichi</b>: 5 males, 2 females, Shinshiro-shi, Horai, 4.viii.1998, H. Nishimoto. <b>Shiga</b>: 2 males, Higashi-omi-shi, Eigenji, Kanzaki-gawa, hygropetric zone near Kazakoshi-bashi, 9.ix.2014, T. Ito; 8 males, 1 female, same locality, 11.vi.2016, T. Ito. <b>Shikoku</b>, Kochi: 2 males, Tosa-shimizu-shi, Akasho, small stream, 21.v.1999, T. Ito & A. Ohkawa. <b>Kyushu</b>, Nagasaki: 1 male, Isahaya-shi, Korai-cho, Todoroki-kyo, 18.ix.2000, A. Ohkawa. <b>Yakushima</b>: 1 male, 2 females, Nagata, Hamanaka, Nakano-bashi, 30.viii.1986, Y. Takemon; 1 female, unnamed tributary of Miyanoura-gawa, 10.v.2006, T. Ito.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. The males of this species are distinguished from other congeneric species by the large, stout inferior appendages and long oval subgenital plate with tiny U- or V-shaped excavation apically.</p> <p> <b>Habitat</b> (Fig. 4 A). Adults of this species were collected from hygropetric zones and fast flowing streams with large rocks.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b> (Fig. 5). Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yakushima). New to Shikoku, Kyushu and Yakushima.</p> <p> <b>Japanese name</b>. Mikuro-himetobikera.</p>Published as part of <i>Ito, Tomiko, 2017, The genus Microptila Ris (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan, pp. 104-112 in Zootaxa 4232 (1)</i> on pages 105-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.1.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/292743">http://zenodo.org/record/292743</a>
Resistive switching in Pt/ZnO (3 h)/ITO.
No full text(a) Current-voltage characteristics (I-V) of the bipolar test on the Pt/ZnO (3 h)/ITO device. (b) I-V Characteristics of the unipolar test on the Pt/ZnO (3 h)/ITO device. (c) log-log scale of bipolar I-V curves. Arrows indicate the direction of the voltage sweep.</p
20th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems
No full textDFT is an annual Symposium providing an open forum, combining new academic research to state-of-the-art industrial data, for discussions on all aspects of design, manufacturing, test, reliability and availability that are affected by defects during manufacturing and by faults during system operation. Topics include defect and fault tolerance issues, error detection and recovery, yield and dependability analysis and modelling, testing techniques, yield enhancement techniques, applications and case studies. It proceedings are published by IEEE.
General co-Chairs:
Rob Aitken (ARM, USA)
Cecilia Metra (DEIS - University of Bologna, ITALY)
Program co-Chairs:
Nohpill Park (Oklahoma State University, USA)
Hideo Ito (Chiba University, JAPAN
Study on the durability against heat in ITO/Ag-alloy/ITO transparent conductive multilayer system
No full textWe studied the effects of added metallic elements in Ag-alloy layers of indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/Ag-alloy/ITO transparent conductive multilayer system on the durability against heat. When Ag film was heat treated, agglomeration occurred due to the surface diffusion of the Ag atoms. This caused an increase in the sheet resistance and a decrease in the transmittance. Added metallic elements such as Au, Pd, and Cu in Ag-alloy layers increased the onset temperature and activation energy for agglomeration. These added metallic elements also decreased the surface energy of the Ag film. The durability against heat was improved by adding metallic elements to the Ag film of the ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer system. Cu atoms, especially, diffused out to the surface of the Ag film hindered the surface diffusion of the Ag atoms, resulting the improvement of thermal stability of the Ag film. The figure of merit (FOM, T(10)/R(square)) of ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer decreased to 1/15 of its initial value after heat treatment at 450 degrees C for 6 h, whereas it decreased to 1/3 of its initial value when Pd and Cu were added to Ag film. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinhei
Bericht über H. Ito: Ueber den Ort der Wärmebildung durch Hirnreiz
No full textBERICHT ÜBER H. ITO: UEBER DEN ORT DER WÄRMEBILDUNG DURCH HIRNREIZ
Full title: Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie. Physiologische Abteilung, Archiv für Physiologie (-)
Archiv für Physiologie (-)
Bericht über H. Ito: Ueber den Ort der Wärmebildung durch Hirnreiz (-
Laser transfer of sol-gel ferroelectric thin films using an ITO release layer
No full textA new laser transfer process is reported which allows damage-free transfer of
ferroelectric thin films from a growth substrate directly to a target substrate.
The thin film ferroelectric material is deposited on a fused silica growth
substrate with a sacrificial release layer of ITO (indium tin oxide). Regions of
the film that are to be transferred are then selectively metallised, and bonded
to the target substrate. Separation from the growth substrate is achieved by
laser ablation of the ITO release layer by a single pulse from a KrF excimer
laser, with the laser light being incident through the growth substrate. The
residual ITO on the transferred ferroelectric layer is electrically conducting,
and may be suitable for incorporation into the final device, depending on the
application. The new process has been demonstrated for 500 nm-thick layers of
sol-gel PZT which were thermosonically bonded to a silicon target substrate
prior to laser release. The transferred films show ferroelectric behaviour and
have a slightly reduced permittivity compared to the as-deposi
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