2,198,115 research outputs found
Interest Groups, Government Spending and Italian Industrial Growth (1876-1913)
Full text linkIn the last two decades of the XIX century the Italian model of economic growth shifted from agricultural to industrial. Historians maintain that this process was affected by the action of some interest groups that pursued both state protection from competition and specific public expenditure programs. Starting from the economic literature of interest groups, this paper attempts to empirically investigate the role of the interest groups in public expenditure decisions in Italy from 1876 to 1913. We argue that a proper indicator of the role of interest groups is their output. The analysis suggests that government spending was sensitive to the preferences of heavy industry rather then those of textile and cereal cultivators. We therefore highlight the role of the political process in setting economic policy at the early stages of the Italian development.industrialization; special interests groups; public expenditure, Italian economic history.
White Paper of Italian Gastroenterology: Delivery of services for digestive diseases in Italy: Weaknesses and strengths.
No full textn 2011 the three major Italian gastroenterological scientific societies (AIGO, the Italian Society of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists; SIED, the Italian Society of Endoscopy; SIGE, the Italian Society of Gastroenterology) prepared their official document aimed at analysing medical care for digestive diseases in Italy, on the basis of national and regional data (Health Ministry and Lombardia, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna databases) and to make proposals for planning of care. Digestive diseases were the first or second cause of hospitalizations in Italy in 1999-2009, with more than 1,500,000 admissions/year; however only 5-9% of these admissions was in specialized Gastroenterology units. Reported data show a better outcome in Gastroenterology Units than in non-specialized units: shorter average length of stay, in particular for admissions with ICD-9-CM codes proxying for emergency conditions (6.7 days versus 8.4 days); better case mix (higher average diagnosis-related groups weight in Gastroenterology Units: 1 vs 0.97 in Internal Medicine units and 0.76 in Surgery units); lower inappropriateness of admissions (16-25% versus 29-87%); lower in-hospital mortality in urgent admissions (2.2% versus 5.1%); for patients with urgent admissions due to gastrointestinnal haemorrhage, in-hospital mortality was 2.3% in Gastroenterology units versus 4.0% in others. The present document summarizes the scientific societies' official report, which constitutes the "White paper of Italian Gastroenterology
From Novelty to Authenticity? Italian Varietals in California
Full text linkopenI vitigni italiani hanno avuto un ruolo significativo, anche se spesso trascurato, nella storia della viticoltura californiana. Questa tesi documenta il percorso dei vitigni italiani dal loro primo impianto da parte degli immigrati italiani nel metà del XIX secolo fino al loro attuale status all'interno dell'industria vinicola californiana, con particolare attenzione al loro impatto culturale, economico e agricolo. Inizialmente introdotti e propagati da successive ondate di immigrazione italiana e da diverse imprese vinicole a guida italiana, in particolare Italian Swiss Colony, la coltivazione di vitigni italiani in California si è gradualmente espansa durante la fine del XIX e l'inizio del XX secolo. Questi vitigni sono sopravvissuti al proibizionismo e hanno conosciuto un costante aumento di popolarità, in particolare in associazione con i vini da tavola nel secondo dopoguerra. In particolare, alcuni vitigni come il Barbera hanno superato la crescita e la diffusione del Cabernet Sauvignon, dello Chardonnay e del Pinot Nero fino alla metà degli anni Settanta.
In seguito all'acquisizione di Atlas Peak da parte di Antinori nel 1985, la Napa Valley ha registrato in particolare un'impennata nelle piantagioni di vitigni italiani, soprattutto Sangiovese. Negli anni Novanta, i produttori hanno cercato di divulgare questi vitigni e di educare i consumatori sul loro significato culturale attraverso un'organizzazione nota come Consorzio Cal-Italia. Nonostante i suoi nobili obiettivi, il consorzio ha faticato a unire i produttori attorno a un'identità coesa, a stabilire una selezione varietale orientata al terroir e a migliorare gli standard qualitativi, provocando la disillusione della stampa e dei consumatori. Di conseguenza, il movimento Cal-Ital ha vacillato alla fine degli anni Novanta ed è morto nei primi anni Duemila.
Da allora, in California è emerso un panorama varietale italiano più sfumato e specializzato, caratterizzato da pratiche agricole sostenibili, sperimentazione varietale, continuo adattamento al mercato e diversi gradi di integrazione culturale italiana tra i produttori. Mentre molti grandi produttori continuano a produrre uno o due vitigni italiani, spesso sfruttando un'identità di marca italiana obsoleta o inventata, un numero crescente di piccoli produttori sta perseguendo interpretazioni autentiche dei vitigni italiani nel contesto californiano.
L'autore ha intervistato trenta professionisti del settore vinicolo che si occupano di vitigni italiani in California. Il questionario ha affrontato una serie di argomenti, sia qualitativi che quantitativi. I risultati indicano che il mosaico di vitigni italiani attualmente coltivati in California è più variegato che mai, e che i consumatori sono sempre più informati e interessati a questi vitigni, che ora rappresentano circa il 4% della superficie viticola dello Stato. Inoltre, gli adattamenti dei produttori al panorama economico post-COVID, in particolare il ruolo crescente delle vendite dirette al consumatore (DTC), indicano una base di stabilizzazione per il futuro dei vitigni italiani in California.Italian wine grape varietals have played a significant, albeit often overlooked, role in the history of California viticulture. This thesis documents the journey of Italian varietals from their initial planting by Italian immigrants in the 1850s to their current status within the Californian wine industry, with a particular focus on their cultural, economic, and agricultural impacts. Initially introduced and propagated by successive waves of Italian immigration and several pivotal Italian- led wine enterprises, most notably Italian Swiss Colony, the cultivation of Italian varietals in California gradually expanded during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These varietals survived Prohibition and saw a steady rise in popularity, particularly in association with table wines post-World War II. Notably, certain varietals such as Barbera outpaced the growth and prevalence of Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and Pinot Noir through the mid-1970s.
Following Antinori's acquisition of Atlas Peak in 1985, Napa Valley in particular experienced a surge in plantings of Italian varietals, primarily Sangiovese. During the 1990s, producers sought to popularize these varietals and educate consumers about their cultural significance through an organization known as Consorzio Cal-Italia. Despite its noble objectives, the consortium struggled to unite producers around a cohesive identity, establish terroir-driven varietal selection, and improve quality standards, leading to press and consumer disillusionment. Consequently, the Cal-Ital movement had faltered by the late 1990s, and died in the early 2000s.
Since then, a more nuanced and specialized Italian varietal landscape has emerged in California, characterized by sustainable agricultural practices, varietal experimentation, ongoing market adaptation, and varying degrees of Italian cultural integration among producers. While many larger producers continue to produce one or two token Italian varietals, often exploiting an outdated or fabricated Italian brand identity, an increasing number of smaller producers are pursuing authentic interpretations of Italian varietals within a California context.
The author conducted interviews with thirty wine industry professionals involved with Italian varietals in California. The questionnaire addressed a range of topics, both qualitative and quantitative. The results indicate that the mosaic of Italian varietals currently cultivated in California is more diverse than ever before, with consumers becoming better informed about and more interested in these varietals, which now represent an estimated 4% of the state's standing wine grape acreage. Furthermore, producers' adaptations to the post-COVID economic landscape, particularly the growing role of Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) sales, indicate a stabilizing foundation for the future of Italian varietals in California
Transnational social capital and FDI.Evidence from Italian associations worldwide
Full text linkEmigrant associations abroad are structured nodes of social networks; they are manifestations of a transnational social capital. Italian associations are numerous, spread across several countries, in some cases they exist since the end of the nineteenth century, and may count on high numbers of members. Also, they are robustly tied to the home country. This paper assesses the effects of Italian associations abroad on the bilateral FDI between Italy and the countries of settlement of Italian diaspora. The main results are that these effects are positive and strongly significant, especially for the inward FDI and relatively to the countries with the oldest associationsinternational migration, FDI, Italy
Post-aspiration in standard Italian
Full text linkVoiceless geminate stops in Italian are typically described as unaspirated in all positions (e.g. [1, 2]). However, recent acoustic phonetic analysis of part of a corpus of standard Italian speech data has shown that the geminate voiceless stops /pp tt kk/ are frequently realized with both preaspiration i.e. [hp: ht: hk:] (cf. [3]) and post-aspiration. This paper focuses on the latter phenomenon, presenting acoustic phonetic evidence in the form of VOT duration values for /pp tt kk/ tokens recorded in 15 Italian cities (based on the CLIPS corpus of spoken Italian [4, 5]). The co-occurrence of post-aspiration with preaspiration is considered and results are discussed with a focus on regional patterns
Double time : Facing the future in migration’s past
No full textInterpretations of Italian films about migration tend to refer to the historical experience of emigration or of colonialism as the historical coordinates through which these films are best understood. This article looks at four recent films featuring migrants in prominent roles that appear to elide such an interpretive framework. While the past and its intrusive effects do feature strongly in these films, it is difficult to produce a predictable linear and causal narrative that would link past, present, and future in predictable ways. Stylistically, the four films also represent a notable move away from the realist political agenda and aesthetic that has tended to dominate Italian film production on the topic of migration. This article argues that their adoption of the features that recall those of film noir (in its Italian manifestation) suggests a new range of thematic and social concerns that refer as much to possible futures as well as known pasts. There is a particular focus on the topic of bodily reproduction which is no longer limited to the sphere of the sexual. The opportunities offered by technology for the body to reproduce in new ways alters the parameters of how the nation might be imagined.Peer reviewe
Adolescent gender dysphoria management: position paper from the Italian Academy of Pediatrics, the Italian Society of Pediatrics, the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, the Italian Society of Adolescent Medicine and the Italian Society of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry
No full textWhite Paper of Italian Gastroenterology: Delivery of services for digestive diseases in Italy: Weaknesses and strengths.
No full textIn 2011 the three major Italian gastroenterological scientific societies (AIGO, the Italian Society of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists; SIED, the Italian Society of Endoscopy; SIGE, the Italian Society of Gastroenterology) prepared their official document aimed at analysing medical care for digestive diseases in Italy, on the basis of national and regional data (Health Ministry and Lombardia, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna databases) and to make proposals for planning of care. Digestive diseases were the first or second cause of hospitalizations in Italy in 1999-2009, with more than 1,500,000 admissions/year; however only 5-9% of these admissions was in specialized Gastroenterology units. Reported data show a better outcome in Gastroenterology Units than in non-specialized units: shorter average length of stay, in particular for admissions with ICD-9-CM codes proxying for emergency conditions (6.7 days versus 8.4 days); better case mix (higher average diagnosis-related groups weight in Gastroenterology Units: 1 vs 0.97 in Internal Medicine units and 0.76 in Surgery units); lower inappropriateness of admissions (16-25% versus 29-87%); lower in-hospital mortality in urgent admissions (2.2% versus 5.1%); for patients with urgent admissions due to gastrointestinnal haemorrhage, in-hospital mortality was 2.3% in Gastroenterology units versus 4.0% in others. The present document summarizes the scientific societies' official report, which constitutes the "White paper of Italian Gastroenterology". © 2014 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l
EXITPHILEU. Exploring Italian Philosophy Europe
No full textThe project Exploring Italian Philosophy in Europe: 1900-1939 (EXITPHILEU) aims to investigate the relations between Italian and European philosophy from the beginning of the 20th century until the outbreak of the Second World War.
The aim of the project is to "explore" the connections between Italian culture and European culture through the original point of view that emerges from the unpublished writings of Giovanni Castellano, Benedetto Croce's secretary and archivist from 1908 to 1933. These writings are kept in the Castellano Archives at the Vadiana Library in St. Gallen (CH)
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