177,137 research outputs found
Hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy - Biological rationale, clinical application, and treatment results
No full textThere is substantial evidence from preclinical data that the antitumor cytotoxicity of selected chemotherapeutic agents either alone or combined with radiation can be enhanced by appropriate heat exposure (40-44 degrees C) of cells or tumor tissues. Based upon these results the integration of hyperthermia as an additional treatment modality, given simultaneously with systemic chemotherapy or in combination with radiochemotherapy, is currently tested at the clinic. Regional hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy or radiochemotherapy showed impressive results (phase II studies) at clinical relevant temperatures in locally advanced tumors of different entities in terms of objective response rate, local tumor control and relapse-free survival. Clinical protocols of well-designed phase III trials on combined treatment modalities integrating hyperthermia are rather limited but for some tumors confirm its clinical benefit. In general, the clinical approach to use hyperthermia has gained much more interest within in the field of medical oncology. One of the major reason is the substantial technical improvements made with the available commercial equipment for local or regional heating, especially in case of deep-seated lesions or systemic heating. Further testing of the potential of hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy or radiochemotherapy in prospective randomized trials are warranted. At this time, hyperthermia as an adjunct to conventional treatment strategies is recommended in the setting of clinical protocols. The results of prospective trials should answer the question for which types of local advanced or metastatic tumors hyperthermia becomes standard as part of a multi-modal treatment strategy
Clinical results of quality-assured hyperthermia: Chemotherapy and hyperthermia.
No full textLocal and regional hyperthermia as part of multimodality treatment approaches was proven to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of standard radiotherapy and chemotherapy protocols in the treatment of several malignant diseases. Recent technical advances, e.g. CT- or MRI-based planning systems, are contributing to improved quality assurance. This book gives an overview on biological and technical fundamentals, hyperthermia procedures and clinical indications, and summarizes clinical results for the combined use of hyperthermia with radio- and/or chemotherapy. It is dedicated to the interested reader without any expertise in local and regional hyperthermia and provides fast access for the use of hyperthermia
Current and future clinical trials.
No full textLocal and regional hyperthermia as part of multimodality treatment approaches was proven to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of standard radiotherapy and chemotherapy protocols in the treatment of several malignant diseases. Recent technical advances, e.g. CT- or MRI-based planning systems, are contributing to improved quality assurance. This book gives an overview on biological and technical fundamentals, hyperthermia procedures and clinical indications, and summarizes clinical results for the combined use of hyperthermia with radio- and/or chemotherapy. It is dedicated to the interested reader without any expertise in local and regional hyperthermia and provides fast access for the use of hyperthermia
Feasibility and morbidity of combined hyperthermia and radiochemotherapy in recurrent rectal cancer - Preliminary results
No full textBackground: The local recurrence rate of colorectal cancer has been significantly reduced due to the use of combined radiochemotherapy. Despite this improvement regarding locally advanced tumour recurrences, the treatment strategy for pre-treated patients remains difficult and unresolved. Patients and Methods: We analysed treatment and follow-up data of 14 patients with local recurrence of rectal cancer who were treated with radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy (CT) and regional hyperthermia (RHT) from November 1997 to December 2001. Nine of these patients had received irradiation and CT (=pre-treated patients) in the past. For this group, 30.6-39.6 Gy RT, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a continuous infusion over 5 days per week (350 mg/m(2)/24 h) combined with RHT twice a week was given. The 5 remaining patients (=not pre-treated) received conformal irradiation of 45 Gy with a boost between 9 and 14.4 Gy, combined with continuous infusion of 5-FU on days 1-4, and 29-33 (500 mg/m(2)/24 h), and RHT twice a week. Response to therapy was evaluated by means of computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and by clinical follow-up. Results: Among 13 evaluated cases, the overall objective response rate was 54% (5 complete responses, 2 partial responses). At mean follow-up of 13.9 months (range 5-32 months) 7 patients were alive. Conclusion: The therapeutic regimen appears to be active in the treatment of local recurrences of rectal cancer. Larger-scaled studies are needed to evaluate the potency of hyperthermia in this therapeutic strategy
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
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