165 research outputs found
A semiotic analysis of the short stories of Leonid Andreyev, 1900-1909
No full textThis thesis applies the techniques of semiotic analysis to a selection of short stories by Leonid Andreyev in an attempt to offer one answer to the problems of categorising Andreyev's unique art and placing it within a literary-evolutionary perspective. The semiotic method was chosen because of its ability both to assimilate literary texts to the supra-individual processes with which it works, and at the same time to delineate an author's particular contribution to these processes. Drawing on a range of literary theory from early Russian Formalism onwards, the study proceeds from one level to another according to a principle of "degree of abstraction", so that each level constitutes firstly an independent account of Andreyev's texts in itself, and secondly one stage in an overall analysis. The analysis at each level pinpoints, in its own terms, a series of semiotic tensions or clashes as being at the heart of Andreyev's literary system. Conflict within his stories between the principles of poetry and prose, metaphor and metonymy, 'discourse' and 'story' and between codes of allegory and codes of reference are among the major tensions highlighted. These tensions are in turn used to account for the fantastic element in Andreyev's stories (tension and ambiguity being the key features of Fantastic literature as defined by many literary theoreticians).The unique, Andreyevan version of the Fantastic is viewed as an index of Andreyev's position in literary evolution at a point of transition between an older, authoritative, transitive mode of narration and a more recent, non-authoritative mode which has come to dominate much twentieth-century literature. The final reference-point for all these tensions is demonstrated to be a shift in modern culture as a whole towards a more impersonal. Mythic thought-system, a shift at the centre of which the art of Leonid Andreyev can be convincingly placed. The material drawn upon includes, in addition to the corpus of Andreyev stories specified, a wide range of works by Andreyev's contemporaries and also the hitherto unexploited draft-manuscripts to a number of Andreyev stories held in the Hoover Institution, U.S.A.A Glossary of the most commonly used theoretical terms is provided at the end of the study
ARTINIAN -COMPLETE, -REDUCED, AND MINIMALLY -COMPLETE ASSOCIATIVE RINGS
No full textIn 1996, the first author defined analogs of the concepts of complete (divisible), reduced, and periodic abelian groups, well-known in the theory of abelian groups, for arbitrary varieties of algebras. In 2021, the first author proposed a modification of the concepts of completeness and reducibility, which is more natural in the case of associative rings. The paper studies the modification of these concepts for associative rings. Artinian -complete, -reduced rings, and minimally -complete associative nilpotent rings, simple rings with unity, and finite rings are characterized
Social Processes: Self-supervised Meta-learning Over Conversational Groups for Forecasting Nonverbal Social Cues
No full textFree-standing social conversations constitute a yet underexplored setting for human behavior forecasting. While the task of predicting pedestrian trajectories has received much recent attention, an intrinsic difference between these settings is how groups form and disband. Evidence from social psychology suggests that group members in a conversation explicitly self-organize to sustain the interaction by adapting to one another’s behaviors. Crucially, the same individual is unlikely to adapt similarly across different groups; contextual factors such as perceived relationships, attraction, rapport, etc., influence the entire spectrum of participants’ behaviors. A question arises: how can we jointly forecast the mutually dependent futures of conversation partners by modeling the dynamics unique to every group? In this paper, we propose the Social Process (SP) models, taking a novel meta-learning and stochastic perspective of group dynamics. Training group-specific forecasting models hinders generalization to unseen groups and is challenging given limited conversation data. In contrast, our SP models treat interaction sequences from a single group as a meta-dataset: we condition forecasts for a sequence from a given group on other observed-future sequence pairs from the same group. In this way, an SP model learns to adapt its forecasts to the unique dynamics of the interacting partners, generalizing to unseen groups in a data-efficient manner. Additionally, we first rethink the task formulation itself, motivating task requirements from social science literature that prior formulations have overlooked. For our formulation of Social Cue Forecasting, we evaluate the empirical performance of our SP models against both non-meta-learning and meta-learning approaches with similar assumptions. The SP models yield improved performance on synthetic and real-world behavior datasets.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatic
EKPHRASIS IN THE NOVEL “SKUTAREVSKY” BY LEONID LEONOV (TO THE 120TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE WRITER’S BIRTH)
No full textThe article studies intertextual inclusions, allusions and ekphrasis in the novel “Skutarevsky” written by L. M. Leonov as an important feature of the poetic language of the writer’s artistic texts. Ekphrasis here is one of the key ways of plotting and portraying the characters of the novel, and contributes to the formation of a complete view of the world. Passages of the texts created by means of ekphrasis are used by Leonov as building blocks of the whole narration. The writer tends to expand the semantic, temporal and spatial boundaries of the worldview he creates, including signs, symbols and codes of the world and national culture in the narrative images. The composition of “Skutarevsky” includes ekphrastic descriptions as constituent parts containing the main properties of Leonov’s aesthetics. They are links within the author’s artistic optics and constructive elements of the poetic matter of the novel. The multiaspectual nature of the novel is associated with the presence of philosophical ideas in it. The central task of this article is to analyze the artistic and ideological features as well as thematic characteristics of the work, namely the manifestation of allusion in the novel “Skutarevsky” by Leonov, the disclosure of the form of ekphastic elements and their role in the poetics of the writer. Different types of ekphrases form the novel universe, becoming a way of the writer’s artistic and philosophical self-reflection. After all, ekphrasis in the work of Leonov is not a simple description of artifacts in art; it is a way of transforming the material of art into philosophically significant entities, as a result of which an artistic image of increased semantic capacity is created. It is important to emphasize that ekphrasis reveals the peculiarities of the understanding of the characters and the author, and is a prism of philosophical, artistic and aesthetic knowledge of the world. Besides, the article touches upon the issue of fusion of arts in Leonov’s works, and specifically synthesis of literature, painting and music, as well as the problem of relationship between the visual, the musical and the verbal. It is necessary to note that Leonid Leonov emerges as a writer with a pronounced visualization of the worldview and, consequently, of the poetic word
Approximate max-min resource sharing for structured concave optimization
No full textWe present a Lagrangian decomposition algorithm which uses logarithmic potential reduction to compute an -approximate solution of the general max-min resource sharing problem with nonnegative concave constraints on a convex set . We show that this algorithm runs in iterations, a data independent bound which is optimal up to polylogarithmic factors for any fixed relative accuracy . In the general structured case, is the product of convex blocks and each constraint function is block separable. For such models, an iteration of our method requires a -approximate solution of independent block maximization problems which can be computed in parallel. (Research supported by the National Science Foundation under grant CCR-9618796.)Technical report DCS-TR-37
Approximate minimum-cost multicommodity flows in Õ(<sub>Ɛ</sub><sup>-2</sup>KNM) time
No full textWe show that an -approximate solution of the cost-constrained -commodity flow problem on an -node -arc network can be computed by sequentially solving single-commodity minimum-cost flow problems on the same network. In particular, an approximate minimum-cost multicommodity flow can be computed in running time, where the notation means ``up to logarithmic factors''. This result improves the time bound mentioned in Grigoriadis and Khachiyan (1994) by a factor of and that developed recently in Karger and Plotkin (1995) by a factor of . We also provide a simple -time algorithm for single-commodity budget-constrained minimum-cost flows which is times faster than the algorithm of Karger and Plotkin (1995).Technical report LCSR-TR-24
Maksym Rylskyi and Leonid Bulakhovskyi: Creative Contacts
No full textУ статті простежено тривалі наукові та дружні взаємини Максима Рильського і відомого мовознавця академіка Леоніда Булаховського. Обидва очолювали академічні інститути, співпрацювали в наукових проектах. Під час евакуації, в Уфі, згодом у Москві, вони спільно з академіком М. Калиновичем працювали над укладанням «Російсько-українського словника», виданого 1948 року. М. Рильський написав дві статті, присвячені цьому виданню, розповідаючи про труднощі, з якими стикалася його редколегія. Спільними інтересами обох учених були також слов’янські літератури, проблеми перекладу, культура мови. У 1946 році вийшла друком збірка перекладів М. Рильського «Сербські епічні пісні», з блискучою передмовою Л. Булаховського, у якій йдеться про героїчний епос сербів, персонажі, пісенні цикли, художній стиль цих пісень і високо оцінено майстерність перекладача. Л. Булаховському належить також стаття «Максим Рильський – поет-патріот», що є свідченням глибокого проникнення у творчість Максима Тадейовича воєнного періоду. На противагу тогочасній критиці, автор зрозумів глибину автобіографічної оповіді поета «Мандрівка в молодість». М. Рильський цінував праці колеги і друга, неодноразово згадував його у своїх мовознавчих і літературознавчих дослідженнях, зокрема, у роботі «Поезія Адама Міцкевича» посилається на його думки. У листах до Л. Булаховського обговорює роботу над словником, питання перекладу. Стиль цих листів з роками змінюється: з ділового на тепліший, дружній. Спілкування вчених допомагає поринути в атмосферу життя української гуманітарної інтелігенції 1940–1960-х років.Maksym Rylskyi and a well-known linguist, academician Leonid Bulakhovskyi, have been connected by long scientific and friendly relations. Both of them have been at the head of academic institutes and collaborated on research projects. During the evacuation, in Ufa, then in Moscow, they, together with the academician M. Kalynovych worked on compiling the Russian-Ukrainian Dictionary, published in 1948. M. Rylskyi has written two articles, dedicated to this edition, describing the difficulties that his editorial staff faced. Slavic literature, translation problems, and language culture are also considered as common interests of both scholars. In 1946 the collection of M. Rylskyi translations of Serbian Epic Songs has been published with a brilliant preface by L. Bulakhovskyi. The author tells about the heroic epos of the Serbs, characters, song cycles, artistic style of these songs and estimates the translator’s skill highly. The article Maksym Rylskyi as the Poet-Patriot also belongs to L. Bulakhovskyi. This work is evidence of deep comprehension of Maksym Rylskyi works of the war period. The author has understood, contrary to that time criticism, the depth of the poet’s autobiographical narrative, A Journey to Youth. M. Rylskyi has appreciated the linguistic works of his colleague and friend, repeatedly mentioned him in his linguistic and literary studies. In particular, in the research Adam Mickiewicz Poetry M. Rylskyi refers to his thoughts. The work on the dictionary, translation issues are discussed in his letters to L. Bulakhovskyi. The style of these letters is changed over the years: from purely business to warm, friendly. The scientists relations help to plunge into the atmosphere of life of Ukrainian humanitarian intelligentsia of the 1940s–1960s
Costs and benefits of debt and debt service reduction
No full textThe author evaluates the costs and benefits of debt and debt service reduction (DDSR) from the point of view of five countries that have concluded Brady deals: Costa Rica, Mexico, the Philippines, Uruguay, and Venezuela. He concludes that, contrary to widely held views, commercial banks have probably benefited from the operations. Commercial bank participation in DDSR is voluntary, so direct financial savings to the country are probably negative at present values. The benefit from DDSR is not that debt is bought at"bargain prices"at the expense of commercial banks. It appears difficult to justify a DDSR operation on purely financial grounds. A more realistic way to look at a DDSR operation is to view it as a"project"that involves a certain financial cost. The return on such a project is how the DDSR operation improves the macroeconomy, or contributes to development. The main purpose of DDSR is to establish a more efficient arrangement between debtor countries and commercial banks, leading to improved conditions for development. A DDSR operation that does not help development is costly and should not be undertaken. The impact of DDSR on development is usually measured by the increase in the growth rate of GDP, but it is too soon to measure that for these five countries. A suitable alternative is to look at the change in investment patterns. A strong policy framework is needed if debt and debt service reduction are to significantly improve development. In Mexico and, to a lesser extent, Venezuela, improved and sustained strong adjustment policies have generated the greatest development benefits. Gains have been less in smaller countries where policies were not as supportive. The author concludes that for a country to benefit from DDSR, it needs significant indirect benefits (such as increased domestic and foreign savings). Direct benefits are likely to be negative because of the commercial banks'financial gains and because DDSR operations are frontloaded. DDSR operations cannot be justified solely by direct benefits and savings in cash flow.Strategic Debt Management,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Financial Intermediation
Unemployment and labor market dynamics in Russia
No full textThe past 15 months have seen the beginning of structural change in Russia but a failure of the economy to stabilize. The balance sheet, conclude the authors suggests that a return to centralized control remain almost impossible, but the dencentralization that has occurred contain many undesirable features. In framing their analysis, the authors draw on aggregate data and firm-level data from the first-round results of a 1992 survey covering 41 firms in the Moscow region. The survey results suggest that the greater autonomy of firms has facilitated the exploitation of market power while failing to dampen the demand for easy credit from the budget or banking system. For the most part, demand has been satisfied, enabling firms to meet current wage claims and, to a lesser degree, sustain output levels. Buoyant nominal profits can be traced either to pricing behavior derived from market power or to transfers or subsidies channeled through the fiscal monetary system. This in turn has artificially sustained the revenue side of the government accounts. Official employment was no more than 1 percent of the labor force by the end of 1992, but evidence on the importance of marginal unemployment indicates that the underlying pass-through into open unemployment will be great. By the third quarter of 1992, this"augmented"unemployment rate approached 4 percent of the labor force. Even so, the authors observe non-trivial outflows from unemployment to jobs and in some regions to jobs in the private or collective sector. In Russia, outflows to state sector jobs dominate. Survey evidence shows considerable turnover in the state sector and resilient hiring. Much of the churning in labor markets seems to be through voluntary separations and job transitions. Net changes to employment have been limited, and have involved mostly ancillary or clerical staff. The authors discern a core or membership rule dominating Russian firms'decisions which it would be dangerous to assume will be maintained. They interpret it as a holding strategy in a complex game the firms have been playing with government. Lack of a credible reform program has weakened any impulse toward large-scale restructuring of firms. Wages have been more volatile and have regional dispersion, but the authors predict no large consistent shift in relative wages. Rather the wage path has probably been governed by current streams and additional transfers, and then set consistent with the stable employment rule. The path of wages over 1992 is clearly associated with changes in Russia's monetary and fiscal stance and allied institutional features.Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,Markets and Market Access,Access to Markets
On Generating the Irredundant Conjunctive And Disjunctive Normal Forms Of Monotone Boolean Functions
No full textLet f:{0,1}n→{0,1} be a monotone Boolean function whose value at any point x∈{0,1}n can be determined in time t. Denote by the irredundant CNF of f, where C is the set of the prime implicates of f. Similarly, let be the irredundant DNF of the same function, where D is the set of the prime implicants of f. We show that given subsets C′⊆C and D′⊆D such that (C′,D′)≠(C,D), a new term in (C⧹C′)∪(D⧹D′) can be found in time , where m=|C′|+|D′|. In particular, if f(x) can be evaluated for every x∈{0,1}n in polynomial time, then the forms c and d can be jointly generated in incremental quasi-polynomial time. On the other hand, even for the class of ∧,∨-formulae f of depth 2, i.e., for CNFs or DNFs, it is unlikely that uniform sampling from within the set of the prime implicates and implicants of f can be carried out in time bounded by a quasi-polynomial 2polylog(·) in the input size of f. We also show that for some classes of polynomial-time computable monotone Boolean functions it is NP-hard to test either of the conditions D′=D or C′=C. This provides evidence that for each of these classes neither conjunctive nor disjunctive irredundant normal forms can be generated in total (or incremental) quasi-polynomial time. Such classes of monotone Boolean functions naturally arise in game theory, networks and relay contact circuits, convex programming, and include a subset of ∧,∨-formulae of depth 3.Technical report LCSR-TR-25
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