40 research outputs found
Do Digital Technologies Support Entrepreneurship Growth? Evidence from Indonesian Muslim Women in Depok City
No full textThe main objective of this paper is to assess the impact of digital technologies on the entrepreneurial output of Muslim women in Indonesia. Using a questionnaire, we collected data from Muslim women entrepreneurs involved in digital entrepreneurship in Depok city. We applied multiple linear regression to analyze the data. We found that the use of e-commerce platforms and internet services affects positively the entrepreneurship growth of Muslim women in Indonesia. However, online payments have been found non-significant because of awareness of risk and security towards online payment system. One of the limitations of this research is the size of the sample. Obtaining data from Muslim women entrepreneurs was very difficult. Again, the case under study is limited to one country. Therefore, it is recommended for future research to use a large sample size and include more countries. Indonesian government should implement tax reduction policies in order to improve the growing sector of Muslim women entrepreneurs, which can help them to become empowered in society
Impact of Risk and Competition on Indonesian Islamic Bank Performance: Panel Data Evidence
No full textThis paper examines the impact of banking risk and competition on the performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The study used financing to deposit ratio (FDR) as a representation of liquidity risk, non-performing financing (NPF) as a representation of financing risk, and the operating expense ratio (BOPO) as a representation of operational risk. Regarding competition, market share (MS) and market concentration (MC) proxies by the Hirschman–Herfindahl Index (HHI) were used. Time series data were collected from 14 Islamic banks operating in Indonesia for the period 2010–2020 and the Least Square method was used. It was found that liquidity risk affects positively the profit of Islamic banks, while financing risk and operational risk impact negatively the variation of the profit. Only market share, influences the variation in the profit of Islamic banks in terms of competition level. Therefore, the Indonesian government should apply a competition policy to the Islamic banking sector in order to increase their profitability and improve economic growth. For future research, it is recommended to include other Islamic finance institutions like Islamic rural banks and Islamic takaful (Islamic insurance) to analyse these effects in a general way
Public Spending and Sustainable Human Development in Cameroon: Does corruption matter?
Get PDFThis study analyzes the effect of public spending on Human capital on human development in Cameroon by controlling the impact of corruption. After using quantitative methods, the ARDL model was applied with the bounds testing approach with time series data from 2000 to 2021. The results indicated that public spending on education and health positively impacts the change in the human development index. Similarly, economic growth (GDP) positively affects the variation of the human development index. Meanwhile, corruption and foreign direct investment (FDI) negatively correlate with the human development index. However, these results are only valid in the short term. In the long term, there is no relationship between the variables. The government should increase the expenditure budget and expand the target sector to reach the industry needed for human development. An improvement could follow this implementation in transparency in fiscal policy management, which can help reduce the corruption perception index. One of the limitations of this research is the use of a short observation period due to data availability. Therefore, the relationship between public expenditure, corruption, and human development in the CEMAC zone is another critical issue that could be investigated
Public Spending and Sustainable Human Development in Cameroon: Does corruption matter?
Get PDFThis study analyzes the effect of public spending on Human capital on human development in Cameroon by controlling the impact of corruption. After using quantitative methods, the ARDL model was applied with the bounds testing approach with time series data from 2000 to 2021. The results indicated that public spending on education and health positively impacts the change in the human development index. Similarly, economic growth (GDP) positively affects the variation of the human development index. Meanwhile, corruption and foreign direct investment (FDI) negatively correlate with the human development index. However, these results are only valid in the short term. In the long term, there is no relationship between the variables. The government should increase the expenditure budget and expand the target sector to reach the industry needed for human development. An improvement could follow this implementation in transparency in fiscal policy management, which can help reduce the corruption perception index. One of the limitations of this research is the use of a short observation period due to data availability. Therefore, the relationship between public expenditure, corruption, and human development in the CEMAC zone is another critical issue that could be investigated
Vol et relations entre Peuls et Guiziga dans la plaine du Diamaré (Nord-Cameroun)
Get PDFÀ la fois forme de résistance à la domination peule et mode d’accumulation de biens, le vol fut au cœur des relations entre les communautés peules et guiziga dans la plaine du Diamaré, avant et pendant la colonisation européenne. Mobilisant tous les hommes actifs, le vol fut une ressource que les chefs guiziga et les intermédiaires de l’administration instrumentalisèrent chacun selon leurs intérêts. Aux plans politique et administratif, la guérilla des Guiziga leur permit d’obtenir leur affranchissement vis-à-vis de la tutelle peule. Au plan économique, les Peuls perdirent une part considérable de leur bétail, au profit des groupes guiziga et durent quitter des zones prioritaires d’élevage. Tout cela laisse, des Guiziga, une image de voleurs invétérés très tenace encore de nos jours.Theft and Fulani-Guiziga Relations on the Diamare Plain (North Cameroon). – Being at the same time a form of resistance to Fulani domination and a pathway of wealth accumulation, theft was in the core of the relations between the Fulani and the Guiziga communities in the plain of the Diamaré region before and during the European colonization. Mobilizing all the active people, the theft was a resource that the Guiziga leaders and the intermediaries of the administration instrumentalised each according to the interests. In the political and administrative plans, the guerrilla warfare of the Guiziga allowed them to free themselves from the Fulani aristocrats. Economically speaking, the Fulani lost consequently a considerable part of their cattle, in aid of the Guiziga ethnic groups and had to leave valuable grazing lands. All this leaves the Guiziga a notorious image, which is very firm even nowadays
The Effect of Distributed Zakat on Sustainable Economic Development in Indonesia: A VECM Approach
Get PDFThe purpose of this article is to examine how Indonesian sustainable economic development factors are affected by distributed zakat. in particular the poverty rate, the human development index (HDI), and economic growth. Time series data from 2001 to 2020 were processed using a vector error correction model (VECM). Additionally, the stationarity and long-run connection have been tested using the unit root and co-integration tests, respectively. The analysis made the assumption that dispersed zakat will have a positive, long-term influence on sustainable economic development. As a result, the main goals of zakat distribution, which are linked to long-term zakat funds and economic expansion, will be effectively accomplished. The case study of only one nation, Indonesia, is one of the research\u27s limitations; therefore, in order to generalize the findings, it is advised that more nations be included in future studies. To help zakat organizations optimize their collecting and distribution strategies, the Indonesian government ought to enact tax reduction programs for them. Furthermore, it is advised that zakat institutions broaden their distribution to include those who are more at-risk in order to significantly reduce poverty and promote sustainable development. There aren\u27t enough empirical findings about the SDGs and zakat. This article, on the other hand, is original and evaluated the dynamic short- and long-term effects of distributed zakat on Indonesia\u27s economic growth, poverty rate, and Human Development Index (HDI)
L’ influence de l’effet de l’incertitude sur l’imitation des pratiques concurrentielle des petites et moyennes entreprises: une recension de la littérature
Get PDFL’imitation entre les entreprises a fait l’objet de nombreuses études. Plusieurs théories ont été développées essentiellement dans le domaine du marché financier, et sur les grands groupes d’entreprises à des fins d’explication des causes et des conséquences des pratiques d’imitation. Relativement aux causes, l’accent est mis surtout sur l’incertitude. Toutefois, le rôle de l’incertitude sur l’imitation des pratiques concurrentielles reste non tranché. S’il est vrai que quelques études ont porté sur la relation entre incertitude et imitation, nous devons souligner que celles-ci se sont peu penchées sur l’influence de l’incertitude sur l’imitation, en considérant l’incertitude comme une variable tridimensionnelle. Ce qui expliquerait peut être leurs résultats divergents. Cette recherche s’oriente dans l’approche de (Gabana &Terlaak, 2013) qui ont considéré l’incertitude comme un variable tridimensionnelle, mais en l’appliquant à la PME, et en considérant l’imitation comme une variable à deux dimensions (imitation totale et imitation créative)
Risk Factors and Treatment of Postpartum Anestrus in Cattle: The Case of Zebu
No full textThis literature review reports on risk factors for postpartum anestrus in zebus and their potential treatments. Prolonged postpartum anestrus is one of the major factors limiting reproductive efficiency in cattle, particularly in Bos indicus cows in tropical regions, as it prevents a calving interval of 365 days from being achieved. During anestrus, ovulation does not occur despite ovarian follicular development, as the growing follicles do not reach maturity. This period is very variable and depends on various factors whose importance is relative or, on the contrary, essential. Some are specific to the animal (breastfeeding or food); others relate more to its social environment, season sanitary conditions. Several hormonal treatments have been used to induce ovulation and cyclicity in postpartum cows. Generally speaking, given the inconsistency of the effects or even their lack of practicability, treatments using a single or repeated injection of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have been gradually abandoned in favour of progestagens. These are administered for 8 to 12 days on a continuous basis in the form of a subcutaneous implant (Crestar®), a vaginal coil (PRID®) or a CIDR. A prostaglandin injection is given two days before the implant is removed. The addition of an ECG treatment at the time of device removal, which increased plasma progesterone concentrations and pregnancy rates in anestrous postpartum suckled Bos indicus cows, may be useful to improve reproductive performance. This improvement requires a better understanding of the effect of different risk factors on the recovery of postpartum cyclicity
Internal governance mechanisms and the performance of decentralized financial systems in Niger
No full textPurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effect of internal governance mechanisms on the financial and social performance of Niger’s decentralized financial systems (DFS).Design/methodology/approachThis paper investigated the impact of the board size and the CEO/chairman duality on financial performance and sustainability, respectively, measured by the return on assets (ROA) and operational self-sufficiency on one side and social performance measured by the size of loans granted and the percentage of female borrowers on the other side.FindingsThe results show that board size positively and significantly affects the ROA. The author also concludes that the duality of decision and control functions promotes the financial viability of the DFS. Regarding the impact of internal governance on social performance, the author finds that board size positively and significantly affects loan size.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses on Niger’s 13 largest DFSs. However, an analysis that also includes smaller firms may show different results.Practical implicationsA board size of between 5 and 15 members is recommended. This would help to incorporate key skills and the active involvement of all members.Originality/valueThis research highlights the importance of including internal governance mechanisms, underscores an interesting problem and answers questions raised in the existing literature by invalidating or confirming the results that have been obtained thus far. As the players in the microfinance sector recognize that sound governance is an important factor for a successful outcome in any microfinance institution objective, the paper helps shed some light on the situation of DFS in Niger.</jats:sec
Madrasa et réislamisation au Cameroun septentrional : anthropologie politique d'une instance de changement social
No full textThe madrasa appeared in the region of sub-Saharan Africa in the fifties. In Cameroon, it can be described as a theological school professing in Arabic, on the fringe of the state’s educational system, proposing a structured religious teaching, structuring new identities and new social reports. It is a source of hybrid modernity. This in-depth study examines the establishment itineraries of these schools, their functions, the modalities of their creation and their figures. This allowed this empirical and theoretical investigation in social and human sciences to take ground in the field of education and to seize the transformation that moulds the Cameroonian Muslim society. Furthermore, the study enabled us to dissect the contribution of an “of track” society in the setting of a –human capital that is more or less efficient in distributing social and institutional positions. The contemporary madrasa was born in a colonial context, emerging from an educational and religious reform aimed at reducing the delay of Muslim societies on the occidental world. It was involved, in Cameroon as well as in Sahelian Africa, in the social dynamic of reislamisation and in the movement of subversion of the traditional Islamic model. This work enabled us to observe how the cultural and symbolic capital stored in this institution is reused by people as a resource and an instrument at the service of emancipation and social ascension strategies. It observes how it leads to strategies of subversion of established state models (State, patriarchy, religious order), and how it leads to the grabbing of leadership in Muslim environments by “bottom social actors” and lettered person “in lack of state” that have decided to subtract themselves from the promised social destiny of the people that have no official school education. The development of the madâris in Cameroon is therefore a form of social resilience and an indicator of the capacity of graduated Arabic people to undertake, (even on a political level) in response of the limits of the state to take over the education and de social recognition of every person. Furthermore, the madrasa brought about an opening up to the masses and a feminization of the religious teaching and the emancipation of woman, once cloistered. These phenomena are also indicators of the incompletion of the domination phenomenon and of the agency of the dominated, including inside religious institutions. The madrasa appears therefore as the generator of a new social order that created a new source of legitimacy and new forms and places of power in Muslim societies. At the center of the Islamic awakening, the madrasa deploys an Arabo-Islamic education that, certainly detains a potential of spiritual and cultural emancipation and participate to promote social mobility of some learners, but also reveals itself, in general more as a « D system », constructing a mix of consolation and adoration, rather than a real alternative educative system to the state’s educational system. The new institutions and social practices that the madrasa generated did not bring about the disappearance of the ancient ones. They are the epicenter of Islamic Modernity but so far they proved to be incapable of creating the conditions of an accomplished emancipation of individuals and social groups that have placed their trust in this educative system and, by extension, in the Islamic model.La madrasa apparait en Afrique subsaharienne autour des années 1950. Au Cameroun, elle prend la figure d’une école de théologie professant en langue arabe, en marge du système éducatif étatique, proposant un enseignement religieux structuré, structurant de nouvelles identités et des rapports sociaux nouveaux, sources d’une modernité hybride. Ce travail d’étude approfondie des itinéraires d’implantation, des fonctions, des modalités de formation, et des figures de cette école, a permis de porter l’investigation empirique et théorique en sciences sociales et humaines sur le terrain éducatif, pour saisir les transformations qui travaillent la société musulmane camerounaise et pour disséquer les contributions d’une scolarisation « hors champ » dans la constitution d’un capital humain plus ou moins efficient à la distribution des positions sociales et institutionnelles. La madrasa contemporaine est née en contexte colonial, d’une réforme éducative et religieuse destinée à combler le retard des sociétés musulmanes sur le monde occidental. Elle a participé au Cameroun comme en Afrique sahélienne à la dynamique sociale de réislamisation et au mouvement de dégagisme de l’islam traditionnel. Ce travail a permis d’observer comment le capital culturel et symbolique engrangé dans cette institution est réutilisé en tant que ressource et instrument au service des stratégies d’émancipation et d’ascension sociales, de subversion des modèles établis (État, patriarcat, ordre religieux) et de captation du leadership en milieux musulmans, par des acteurs sociaux « d’en bas » et des lettrés « en manque d’État » décidés à se soustraire du destin social promis aux déscolarisés du système éducatif officiel. Le développement des madâris au Cameroun est ainsi une forme de résilience sociale et un indicateur de capacité d’entreprendre, y compris politique des diplômés arabisants devant les limites de l’État à prendre en charge l’éducation et la consécration sociale de tous. La massification et la féminisation de l’enseignement religieux qu’elles ont entrainées en même temps que l’émancipation des femmes autrefois recluses sont aussi des indicateurs de l’inachèvement du phénomène de domination et de l’aptitude à l’agentivité des dominées, y compris au sein des institutions religieuses. La madrasa apparait ainsi comme génératrice d’une nouvelle donne sociale, qui a vu émerger dans la mouvance de son développement, des sources nouvelles de légitimité, des formes et des lieux nouveaux de pouvoir dans les sociétés musulmanes. Foyer du réveil islamique, la madrasa déploie une éducation arabo-islamique qui, certes, recèle un potentiel d’émancipation spirituelle et culturelle, et participe à la promotion et à la mobilité sociales de certains apprenants, mais se révèle, dans l’ensemble, davantage être un « système D », bricolant une formation de consolation et d’adoration, qu’une réelle alternative éducative au système scolaire étatique. Les nouvelles institutions et pratiques sociales qu’elle a générées n’ont pas entrainé la disparition des anciennes. La modernité islamique dont elle est l’épicentre s’est montrée — jusque là — incapable de créer les conditions d’une émancipation aboutie des individus ou des groupes sociaux qui ont placé leur confiance dans ce système éducatif et par extension dans le modèle islamique .(POLS - Sciences politiques et sociales) -- UCL, 202
