1,721,010 research outputs found
Replication data for " Schools under mandatory testing can mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2"
No full textThis dataset contains replication data and code for " Schools under mandatory testing can mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2", based on publicly available case and death counts of SARS-CoV2 in Germany
Replication data for " Schools under mandatory testing can mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2"
No full textThis dataset contains replication data and code for " Schools under mandatory testing can mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2", based on publicly available case and death counts of SARS-CoV2 in Germany
Minority Salience and Political Extremism
Full text linkWe investigate how the salience of an ethnic minority affects the majority group's voting behavior. We use the increased salience of Muslim communities during Ramadan as a natural experiment. Exploiting exogenous variation in the distance of election dates to Ramadan over the 1980-2013 period in Germany, our findings reveal an increased polarization. Vote shares for both right- and left-wing extremist parties increase in municipalities with mosques when an election takes place shortly after Ramadan. We use survey data to provide evidence on mechanisms: Ramadan increases respondents' perceived share of the foreign-born population and emphasizes cultural dissimilarities, ultimately worsening attitudes towards Muslims
Profit taxation, R&D spending, and innovation
Full text linkWe study how profit taxes affect establishments’ R&D activities. Relying on detailed panel data of R&D-active firms in Germany over two decades, we exploit identifying variation induced by more than 10,000 municipal changes in the local business tax rate and federal tax reforms with locally varying effects. Using event study techniques, we find a sizable, negative effect of profit taxes on establishments’ total R&D spending and patents filed. Zooming into the innovation production process, we uncover substantial heterogeneity in the impact of profit taxation for various R&D input factors, among firm characteristics, and for different types of research projects
The Returns to Language Skills in the US Labor Market
Full text linkThis paper uses data from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) to study the returns to language skills of child and adult migrants in the US labor market. We employ an instrumental variable strategy, which exploits differences in language acquisition profiles between immigrants from English- and non-English-speaking countries of origin, to address problems related to endogeneity and measurement error. We find significantly positive returns to language skills and demonstrate that education is an important channel through which language skills affect wages of child migrants. Although the returns of adult migrants do not depend on education, we find that child and adult migrants exhibit similar returns to language skills.Dieses Papier verwendet Daten des American Community Survey (ACS), um die Renditen von Sprachfähigkeiten von Einwanderern, die entweder als Kinder oder als Erwachsene in die USA eingewandert sind, zu schätzen. Wir verwenden Instrumentenvariablen, welche Unterschiede in Spracherwerbsprofilen zwischen Einwanderern aus Englisch- und Nicht-Englischsprachigen Herkunftsländern ausnutzen, um Endogenitäts- und Messfehlerprobleme zu adressieren. Wir finden positive Renditen von Sprachfähigkeiten und zeigen, dass Bildung ein wichtiger Kanal ist, durch welchen Sprachfähigkeiten die Löhne von Einwanderern, die als Kinder in die USA gekommen sind, beeinflussen. Obwohl die Renditen von Einwanderern, die als Erwachsene in die USA gekommen sind, nicht von Bildung abhängen, finden wir ähnliche Renditen für beide Einwanderungsgruppen
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Returns to Local and Foreign Language Skills – Causal Evidence from Spain
No full textThis study examines the returns to foreign and local language skills of immigrants in the Spanish labor market. Different sources of endogeneity are addressed by deriving a set of novel instruments for language proficiency through a measure of linguistic dissimilarity. Using cross-sectional data from the 2007 National Immigrant Survey of Spain (NISS), returns to language skills are estimated separately for Spanish, English, German and French proficiency. Foreign language proficiency produces high returns, which appear to be mediated through the channel of occupational choice. The results are discussed against the background of a severe foreign language skills shortage in the Spanish economy. Immigrants may deal as a supplier of foreign language proficiency in the short run. In contrast to most studies, I find no compelling evidence of a wage premium for local language proficiency.Diese Studie dient der Identifizierung von kausalen Effekten von Sprachkenntnissen in Fremdsprachen und der Gastlandssprache von Immigranten in Spanien. Um Endogenitätsprobleme und Meßfehlerproblematiken zu beheben, setzt die Analyse auf einen Instrumentvariablenschätzer. Die verwendeten Instrumente basieren auf Information über die linguistische Distanz, also die Unterschiedlichkeit zwischen Muttersprache und erlernter Sprache. Als Datenbasis dient der National Immigrant Survey of Spain aus dem Jahr 2007. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf deutliche Lohnvorteile durch deutsche, englische und französische Sprachkenntnisse hin. Entgegen früherer Studien findet sich keine deutliche Evidenz für Lohnvorteile durch Spanischkenntnisse. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund eines deutlichen Engpasses in Fremdsprachenkenntnissen der einheimischen Bevölkerung diskutiert
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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