13 research outputs found
Privacy and Cooperation in Peer-to-Peer Systems
No full textP2P networks employ the resources available at peers to reduce the load at, or eliminate the need for a server. In order to achieve these goals, protocols are implemented which aim to allow peers to collaborate efficiently. However, these same protocols can make peers an easy target, as their willingness to collaborate can be susceptible to attackers. While a considerable body of research exists on reducing the vulnerability of peers to attackers, most only consider a file sharing or backup solution context. In this thesis, we look at other forms of collaboration wherein a P2P system can overcome some of the other downsides of centralized solutions, e.g. the privacy concerns.PDSElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Improving P2P keyword search by combining .torrent metadata and user preference in a semantic overlay
No full textDeveloping a new similarity function for Tribler. Solution used a combination of item-item and user-user similarity, using metadata available in the .torrent files to reduce sparcity in dataset.Parallel and Distributed Systems groupElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Widespread extracellular electron transfer pathways for charging microbial cytochrome OmcS nanowires via periplasmic cytochromes PpcABCDE
No full textWe thank Gary Brudvig for advice on spectroelectrochemistry measurements and M. Gubermann-Pfeffer for help with ZDOCK. This research was supported by the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship (to C.C.S.), the Human Frontier Science Program award no. RGP017/2023 (to N.S.M. and C.A. S.), NSF CAREER award no. 1749662 (to N.S.M.), the NSF-ANR award no. 2210473 (to N.S.M.), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director’s New Innovator award (1DP2AI138259-01 to N.S.M.).
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024Extracellular electron transfer (EET) via microbial nanowires drives globally-important environmental processes and biotechnological applications for bioenergy, bioremediation, and bioelectronics. Due to highly-redundant and complex EET pathways, it is unclear how microbes wire electrons rapidly (>106s−1) from the inner-membrane through outer-surface nanowires directly to an external environment despite a crowded periplasm and slow (<105s−1) electron diffusion among periplasmic cytochromes. Here, we show that Geobacter sulfurreducens periplasmic cytochromes PpcABCDE inject electrons directly into OmcS nanowires by binding transiently with differing efficiencies, with the least-abundant cytochrome (PpcC) showing the highest efficiency. Remarkably, this defined nanowire-charging pathway is evolutionarily conserved in phylogenetically-diverse bacteria capable of EET. OmcS heme reduction potentials are within 200 mV of each other, with a midpoint 82 mV-higher than reported previously. This could explain efficient EET over micrometres at ultrafast (<200 fs) rates with negligible energy loss. Engineering this minimal nanowire-charging pathway may yield microbial chassis with improved performance.publishersversionpublishe
A new empirical kinetic method for the determination of ion-exchange constants for the counterions of cationic micelles: The rate of piperidinolysis and hydrolysis of anionic phenyl salicylate as the kinetic probes
No full textPseudo-first-order rate constants (k(obs)) for the nucleophilic reaction of piperidine (Pip) with anionic phenyl salicylate (S(-)) in aqueous solution, obtained at constant content (=2%, v/v) of CH(3)CN, [Pip]T (=0.1 M), [S(-)](T) (=2 x 10(-4) M), [CTABr](T) (total concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide), NaOH (<= 0.10 M) and varying concentration of inert salts, MX (=2-NaOC(6)H(4)CO(2)Na and 3-NaOC(6)H(4)CO(2)Na), follow the relationship: kobs,(ko oKx/simxivo + Kx/s, IMX]). derived from an empirical equation coupled with the pseudophase model of micelle. The empirical constants P and Kxis provide the respective parameters Fxis and Kx/s. The magnitude of Fxis gives the measure of the fraction of cationic micellized S- transferred to the aqueous phase by the limiting concentration of co-ions X- through the ion-exchange process X-/S-. In other words, the value of Fxis shows the cationic micellar penetration of ions X- relative to co-ions S. The values of Fxis and K(X/S) have been used to determine usual thermodynamic ion-exchange constant (K(X)(Y)). The values of K(X)(Y) (Y= Br) have been calculated for X = 2--OC(6)H(4)CO(2)(-) (2-0Bz(2-)) and 3-(-)OC(6)H(4)CO(2)(-) (3-OBz(2-)). The mean values of Kt are 44 +/- 7 and 4.9 0.7 for X- =2-0Bz2- and 3-0Bz2-, respectively. The value of K1 for 2-0Bz2- is nearly 9- and 16-fold larger than those for respective 3-0Bz2- and 4-006H4CO2- (4-OBz(2-)). These results are attributed to the presence and absence of viscoelasticity in CTABr aqueous solution with 2-0Bz2- and 3-0Bz2- as well as 4-0Bz2-, respectively. The mean values of Exis are 0.98 0.10. 0.24 0.07 and 0.14 0.02 for X- = 2-013z2-, 3-0Bz2- and 4-0Bz2-, respectively. The change in kinetic probe from piperidinolysis to hydrolysis of S- gives nearly same value, within the limits of experimental uncertainties, of IT for 2-0Bz2-. The mean value of Fxis x ((xis for 2-0Bz2- is decreased by 40-fold in the presence than in the absence of 0.05 M C16E20. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Real time cloth simulation using particle system and bounding volume hierarchy
No full textReal-time clothing simulation is constantly being researched in and built to represent a virtual cloth that is similar as it would in life. Current issue in clothing simulation would be in the way to represent the cloth properties in the virtual environment in real time situation. The problem issue also increases when the cloth is required to perform inter-collision with other object that is static or even moving. This paper proposed particle system model and using self-created Axis-Aligned Bounding Box (AABB) group under Bounding Volume Hierarchy (BVH) to help in collision computation and also reducing the time needed to compute collision resolution. The result of experiment shows real time behavior of cloth able to produce a realistic motion with acceptable frame per second. The result shows that the technique is capable of running in real-time having an average frame per second that is higher than the border line of 25 fps. The current technique still can be improved especially to find the best collision detection time on cloth node checking time properly. © 2020 SSRG International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology. All rights reserved
Determination of the significant anthropometry dimensions for user-friendly designs of domestic furniture and appliances - Experience from a study in Malaysia
No full textFuture design for the elderly is undoubtedly important for their survival to live independently in this challenging world. Therefore to realize the mentioned design, an anthropometric database for Malaysian elderly population need to be developed. A total of 107 participants took part in the study which involved 61 females and 46 males with ages ranging between 55 and 70 years. An earlier anthropometric database for Malaysian elderly population has been developed. Sixty body dimensions were measured in the study. It is hoped that from this study, the database can be used as a guideline in designing household facilities for the Malaysian elderly and elderly of other countries. The design of the household facilities should be influenced by sound ergonomics dimensions in order to create a safe and healthy environment for the elderly. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
JEMs and incompatible occupational coding systems: Effect of manual and automatic recoding of job codes on exposure assignment
No full textBackground: In epidemiological studies, occupational exposure estimates are often assigned through linkage of job histories to job-exposure matrices (JEMs). However, available JEMs may have a coding system incompatible with the coding system used to code the job histories, necessitating a translation of the originally assigned job codes. Since manual recoding is usually not feasible in large studies, this is often done by use of automated crosswalks translating job codes from one system to another. We set out to investigate whether automatically translating job codes led to different exposure estimates compared with those resulting from manual recoding using the original job descriptions. Methods: One hundred job histories were randomly drawn from the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer (NLCS), using a sampling strategy designed to oversample potentially exposed jobs. This resulted in 220 job codes that were automatically translated from the original Dutch coding system to the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)-68 and ISCO-88 as well as manually recoded from the job descriptions in the original questionnaire by two coders. Exposure to several agents (i.e. chromium, asbestos, silica, pesticides, aromatic solvents, and extremely low-frequency magnetic fields) was assigned by JEMs based on job codes resulting from automatic and manual recodings. Results: The agreement between occupational exposure estimates based on the crosswalk versus those based on manual recoding reached a Cohen's Kappa (κ) of 0.66 or higher and were similar to the agreements between the two coders. Conclusions: Results of this study indicate that using automated crosswalks to recode job codes from one occupational classification system to another results only in a limited loss in agreement in assigned occupational exposure estimates compared with direct manual recoding. Therefore, in this case, crosswalks provide an efficient alternative to the costly and time-consuming direct manual recoding from job history descriptions from questionnaires. © The Author 2012
Changing Precipitation Regimes And The Water And Carbon Economies Of Trees
No full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Climate change is predicted to affect the water balance of several ecosystems mostly through changes in the energy budget and hydrological input (rainfall frequency, intensity, and timing). Changes in rainfall patterns and cloudiness directly affect incoming radiation, atmospheric water vapor saturation deficit and soil water availability, the main variables controlling the rates of water uptake and transport along the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum (SPAC). Developing a predictive framework about vegetation responses to a changing climate is challenging because it involves complex non-linear interactions between these environmental variables and species-specific responses. By examining the hydraulic traits of functional groups within plant communities we can better predict the impacts of changes in rainfall regimes within functional groups and therefore, generate more realistic predictions of ecosystem carbon and water balance changes due to local and regional changes in precipitation regimes. In this review, we discuss several aspects of plant hydraulic functioning and then explore how predicted changes in precipitation regimes may affect tree water and carbon balance. We examine the impacts of changes in rainfall patterns on the SPAC and also explore the multiple ways that plants can absorb and transport water. Finally, we explore the diversity of hydraulic traits and potential mechanisms causing large-scale drought-induced mortality recently observed in several ecosystems. © The Author(s) 2014.2616582CAPES, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo10/17204-0, FAPESP, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo11/52072-0, FAPESP, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Allen, C.D., Macalady, A.K., Chechouni, H., Bachelet, D., McDowell, N., Vennetier, M., Kitzberger, T., Cobb, N., A global overview of drought and heatinduced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests (2010) For Ecol Manag, 259, pp. 660-684Aranda, I., Forner, A., Cuesta, B., Valladares, F., Speciesspecific water use by forest tree species: From the tree to the stand (2012) Agric Water Manag, 114, pp. 67-77Araújo, M.B., Thuiller, W., Pearson, R.G., Climate warming and the decline of amphibians and reptiles in Europe (2006) J Biogeogr, 33, pp. 1712-1728Arnold, J.G., Srinivasan, R., Muttiah, R.S., Williams, J.R., Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part I: Model development (1998) J Am Water Resour Assoc, 34, pp. 73-89Baltzer, J.L., Davies, S.J., Bunyavejchewin, S., Noor, N.S.M., The role of desiccation tolerance in determining tree species distributions along the Malay-Thai Peninsula (2008) Funct Ecol, 22, pp. 221-231Bartlett, M.K., Scoffoni, C., Sack, L., The determinants of leaf turgor loss point and prediction of drought tolerance of species and biomes: A global meta-analysis (2012) Ecol Lett, 15, pp. 393-405Bellard, C., Bertelsmeier, C., Leadley, P., Thuiller, W., Courchamp, F., Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity (2012) Ecol Lett, 15, pp. 365-377Brando, P.M., Nepstad, D.C., Balch, J.K., Bolker, B., Christman, M.C., Coe, M., Putz, F.E., Fire-induced tree mortality in a neotropical forest: The roles of bark traits, tree size, wood density and fire behavior (2012) Glob Change Biol, 18, pp. 630-641Breshears, D.D., McDowell, N.G., Goddard, K.L., Dayem, K.E., Martens, S.N., Meyer, C.W., Brown, K.M., Foliar absorption of intercepted rainfall improves woody plant water status most during drought (2008) Ecology, 89, pp. 41-47Brodersen, C.R., McElrone, A.J., Choat, B., Matthews, M.A., Shackel, K.A., The dynamics of embolism repair in xylem: In vivo visualizations using high-resolution computed tomography (2010) Plant Physiol, 154, pp. 1088-1095Brodribb, T.J., Holbrook, N.M., Changes in leaf hydraulic conductance during leaf shedding in seasonally dry tropical forest (2003) New Phytol, 158, pp. 295-303Brodribb, T.J., Feild, T.S., Sack, L., Viewing leaf structure and evolution from a hydraulic perspective (2010) Funct Plant Biol, 37, pp. 488-498Bucci, S.J., Scholz, F.G., Goldstein, G., Meinzer, F.C., Sternberg, L.S.L., Dynamic changes in hydraulic conductivity in petioles of two savanna tree species: Factors and mechanisms contributing to the refilling of embolized vessels (2003) Plant Cell Environ, 26, pp. 1633-1645Burgess, S.S.O., Bleby, T.M., Redistribution of soil water by lateral roots mediated by stem tissues (2006) J Exp Bot, 57, pp. 3283-3291Burgess, S.S.O., Dawson, T.E., The contribution of fog to the water relations of Sequoia sempervirens (D. 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Overview of the current status of familial hypercholesterolaemia care in over 60 countries - The EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC)
No full textBackground and aims: Management of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) may vary across different settings due to factors related to population characteristics, practice, resources and/or policies. We conducted a survey among the worldwide network of EAS FHSC Lead Investigators to provide an overview of FH status in different countries. Methods: Lead Investigators from countries formally involved in the EAS FHSC by mid-May 2018 were invited to provide a brief report on FH status in their countries, including available information, programmes, initiatives, and management. Results: 63 countries provided reports. Data on FH prevalence are lacking in most countries. Where available, data tend to align with recent estimates, suggesting a higher frequency than that traditionally considered. Low rates of FH detection are reported across all regions. National registries and education programmes to improve FH awareness/knowledge are a recognised priority, but funding is often lacking. In most countries, diagnosis primarily relies on the Dutch Lipid Clinics Network criteria. Although available in many countries, genetic testing is not widely implemented (frequent cost issues). There are only a few national official government programmes for FH. Under-treatment is an issue. FH therapy is not universally reimbursed. PCSK9-inhibitors are available in ∼2/3 countries. Lipoprotein-apheresis is offered in ∼60 countries, although access is limited. Conclusions: FH is a recognised public health concern. Management varies widely across countries, with overall suboptimal identification and under-treatment. Efforts and initiatives to improve FH knowledge and management are underway, including development of national registries, but support, particularly from health authorities, and better funding are greatly needed. © 2018 Elsevier B.V
