1,720,961 research outputs found
Solar PV Panels
No full textSolar energy is a significant renewable energy source that is abundant and environmentally friendly. Solar PV Panels – Recent Advances and Future Prospects provides a comprehensive overview of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels for direct electric power production. Chapters address such topics as fundamentals of solar PV panels; modeling, simulations, optimization, and economics of solar panels; solar panels testing; semiconductor materials for solar cells and panels; solar PV applications and policies; and solar PV and battery storage sizing for stand-alone and grid-connected applications
Geothermal Potential of the Global Oil Industry
Get PDFThere are around 40 new geothermal power projects commissioned in each of the last few years. Growth of the market is around 5% annually and current installed capacity is about 13,300 MW with about the same in development in 24 countries. These figures are impressive, but they do not bear comparison with any of the fossil fuels. However, few will realise that the global oil industry has a cryptic geothermal power potential that is equal to the entire current output of the geothermal industry. The oil industry is ageing. Many areas still produce copious quantities of oil, but the oil comes with an unwanted by-product, water. The volume of water produced is typically is 10–20 times that of the oil; and the water is hot—in some places very hot (>100°C). In a recent study we showed that the power depleted oil production platforms of the North Sea’s North Viking Graben produce sufficient hot water to deliver around 60% of the power requirement for each field. A review of global oil and hence water production has enabled us to calculate that power production alone from waste water from producing oilfields could be at least 15,000 MW
Geothermal Energy
Get PDFGeothermal energy for electricity generation is an appealing solution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions produced by fossil fuels. As such, this book presents a comprehensive overview of the research related to and the potential applications of geothermal energy. Chapters cover such topics as power technology using low-temperature geothermal energy resources, current world status of geothermal resource utilization, low-temperature district heating systems, and much more
Renewable Hydropower Technologies
No full textFor many years, hydropower played an essential role in the development of humanity and has a long and successful track record. It is a conventional renewable energy source for generating electricity in small- and large-scale production. Due to its important utilization and future prospects, various interesting topics of research related to hydroelectric power generation are covered in this book. This book is the result of significant contributions from several researchers and experts worldwide. It is hoped that the book will become a useful source of information and basis for extended research for researchers, academics, policy makers, and practitioners in the area of renewable hydropower technologies
Advances in Energy Recovery and Efficiency Technologies
No full textThis book, titled Advances in Energy Recovery and Efficiency Technologies, presents and covers unique and interesting topics related to advances and innovations in energy recovery and energy efficiency technologies. It is the result of contributions from a number of researchers and experts worldwide. Energy recovery and efficiency technologies and methods aim to decrease energy wasted or unutilized in various energy conversion processes, ultimately reducing the required energy input (fuel) and improving the overall energy efficiency of systems and energy conservation of natural energy resources. These technologies, once efficiently designed and their performances are optimized, will potentially improve the economics and sustainability of systems, as well as reduce their emissions, air pollution, and thermal energy waste discharged to the environment. It is hoped that the book will become a valuable source of information and a basis for extended research for researchers, academicians, policymakers, and practitioners in the area of energy recovery and energy efficiency technologies
Geothermal Energy
No full textGeothermal energy for electricity generation is an appealing solution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions produced by fossil fuels. As such, this book presents a comprehensive overview of the research related to and the potential applications of geothermal energy. Chapters cover such topics as power technology using low-temperature geothermal energy resources, current world status of geothermal resource utilization, low-temperature district heating systems, and much more
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Intelligent sliding mode control in flexible structures
No full textThe first objective of this work is to develop an intelligent sliding mode controller for vibration control in flexible structures. The proposed control consists of two processes: system identification and sliding mode control. System identification is performed based on a neural fuzzy (NF) approximator. A novel extended gradient method and a modified least square estimate (LSE) algorithm are proposed for neuro-fuzzy system training. The training is performed in a hybrid approach: the nonlinear parameters in the NF approximator are updated using the extended gradient method while the linear parameters are optimized by the modified LSE. In system control, an enhanced sliding mode (ESM) control system is developed to promote the control effort for active vibration suppression especially in flexible structures. Based on experimental investigation, when the principle of the terminal attractor is used in the classical gradient descent algorithm or sliding mode control systems, it causes implementation problems because the initial condition should be nonzero. The proposed training techniques provide faster convergence while avoiding the associated implementation problems. The stability of the proposed training techniques is demonstrated by the Lyapunov analysis. The effectiveness of the developed techniques is verified experimentally with a flexible structure experimental setup. Test results show that the suggested hybrid training technique can effectively improve the convergence of the NF approximator; the ESM controller can efficiently perform vibration suppression in flexible structures and easy to implement. The commonly used global search method is genetic algorithm (GA). The problems in the classical GA are low convergence speed and lack of fast global search capability for complex search space. The second objective of this work is to develop a more efficient global training approach, called enhanced genetic algorithm (EGA) for system training and optimization applications. Two approaches are proposed: Firstly, a novel group-based branch crossover operator is suggested to thoroughly explore local space and speed up convergence. Secondly, an enhanced MPT (Makinen-Periaux-Toivanen) mutation operator is proposed to promote global search capability for complex search space. The effectiveness of the developed EGA is verified by simulations based on a series of benchmark test problems. Test results show that the branch crossover operator and enhanced MPT mutation operator can effectively improve the convergence speed and global search capability. The EGA technique outperforms other related GA methods with respect to global search efficiency and operation efficiency
- …
