50 research outputs found
Strategies to prevent {Healthcare-Associated} Infections: A narrative overview
Full text linkHealthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a major source of
morbidity and mortality and are the second most prevalent cause
of death. Furthermore, it has been reported that for every
one-hundred patients admitted to hospital, seven patients in
high-income economies and ten in emerging and low-income
economies acquire at least one type of HCAI. Currently, almost
all pathogenic microorganisms have developed antimicrobial
resistance, and few new antimicrobials are being developed and
brought to market. The literature search for this narrative
review was performed by searching bibliographic databases
(including Google Scholar and PubMed) using the search terms:
``Strategies,'' ``Prevention,'' and ``Healthcare-Associated
Infections,'' followed by snowballing references cited by
critical articles. We found that although hand hygiene is a
centuries-old concept, it is still the primary strategy used
around the world to prevent HCAIs. It forms one of a bundle of
approaches used to clean and maintain a safe hospital
environment and to stop the transmission of contagious and
infectious microorganisms, including multidrug-resistant
microbes. Finally, antibiotic stewardship also has a crucial
role in reducing the impact of HCAIs through conserving
currently available antimicrobials
Policy for change: Steps towards improving quality of life and protecting the health of the Rohingyas of Cox’s Bazar
No full textThe recent wave of violence that took place during August 2017 in Myanmar has led to the largest mass exodus of people in the modern world (Islam, 2018). Rohingya Muslims from Myanmar state of Rakhine have been driven out of their homes and into the district of Cox’s Bazar in Bangladesh by the hundreds of thousands. Approximately 750,000 men, women and children have fled their homes in the hopes of escaping systematic discrimination, targeted violence and violation of human rights carried out by the Myanmar military forces (International Organization for Migration, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UN Resident Coordinator for Bangladesh, & Inter Sector Coordination Group, 2019). Mostly, they flee into neighboring Bangladesh to join the already stranded 200,000 plus Rohingya refugees who have been carving out an existence in the two officially registered refugee settlements, as well as in the various make shift unofficial camps, local towns and villages within the district of Cox’s Bazar. Besides being boxed off into their camps by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB), the vast majority of the refugees in Bangladesh are unregistered and therefore, not receiving any form of food, medicine or socio-economic aid from NGOs (Non-Governmental Organization) or local governments, which led to gradual deterioration in the quality of life inside and around the camps (Crabtree, 2010). This not only affects the Rohingyas, but also, the people living in the district of Cox’s Bazar, who face increased competition for limited resources as the number of refugees in the region has increased by more than four times in numbers compared to the pre-2017 numbers. Although there are several areas requiring urgent attention from humanitarian aid agencies and the GOB, some of the more pressing public health concerns include land management both within and outside the refugee camps, the provision of effective, efficient and equitable healthcare, and the supply of water, sanitation and hygiene services (International Organization for Migration et al., 2019). While world leaders and governments try to develop a peaceful solution to the Rohingya conflict in Myanmar before displace populations can begin to return home, it is vital in the interim period that living conditions for the refugees living in Bangladesh are improved. Lessons from past failings can help guide future policies, and allows stakeholders to steer the current situation from a state of disaster response to a state of recovery.Master of Public Healt
Critical Race Theory. Impact on Black Minority Ethnic Students within Higher Education
No full textThis book is an attempt to address the notion of Critical Race Theory (CRT) and the underlying parallels with the experiences of Black Minority Ethnic Students (BMEs) under the guise of Widening Participation policies and practices within the realms of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The book attempts to explore and compare the post entry academic and social inclusion concepts for BME non-traditional students. The author carried out an extensive level of investigation through her PhD titled “Critical Race Theory A Phenomenological Approach to Black Minority Ethnic Students within Higher Education Institutions”. Moreover, the author within the PhD work identified the habitus structuring models and the academic and social constraints applied within HEIs. This book attempts to illustrate the impact of CRT upon the recruitment, retention, race and racism, learning and teaching themes which are embedded within HEIs. Themes at macro level, meso and micro levels are investigated
Effects of night shift working on some immunological, prostate specific antigen, cortisol level and malondialdehyde in male nurses at Hawler city
No full textHINDRANCE TO EFFECTIVE ENGLISH SPEAKING AT HIGHER SECONDARY LEVEL: A CASE STUDY ON THE COLLEGES OF DHAKA CITY IN BANGLADESH
Full text linkThe paper aims at investigating the prevailing barriers that the learners of higher secondary level in Dhaka city encounter in speaking English effectively in their classrooms. It reconnoiters the challenges that prevail in the teaching-learning environment and impede rehearsing English speaking inside the classroom. English has been inescapably used in everyday life in this period of intense global competition. But for various reasons, students in higher secondary level often struggle to develop adequate speaking skills. And these obstacles affect in their upcoming higher study, going abroad as well as in their future career. This study aims to locate the hindrances that most of the students of the level face in speaking English fluently in the classroom. A systematic study is conducted using a quantitative approach, and a questionnaire is used to obtain data. The findings accentuate the unreachability of logistic, managerial, and administrative amenities; unapproachability of pertinent teaching-learning techniques, methods and approaches, inaccessibility of reciprocated and accommodating setting that reinforce the core impediments in teaching-learning English speaking at higher secondary stage. This paper pinpoints all those problems and presents probable recommendations to develop English speaking competency. Future scholars will benefit from this study’s insights as they investigate the difficulties faced by English language learners in Bangladesh
An efficient automated vehicle license plate recognition system under image processing
Get PDFAn automated vehicle license plate recognition system using image processing techniques identifies vehicle numbers without human interference. This system has significant impact because of its good application in various fields like car parking, access control, speed control, automatic toll collection, border security, traffic violence detection and surveillance applications. This paper presents a methodology that is quite simple but at the same time very much efficient and this system consists of four sequential modules which are preprocessing, number plate extraction, number plate character segmentation and character recognition. Preprocessing aims to improve the image quality that is captured in various illumination conditions and stick out outstanding information that we need, which is favorable to subsequent processing including extraction, segmentation and recognition. After preprocessing various morphological operations are applied to extract the desired license plate region. Then for segmentation the bounding box method is applied that segments each letter and number present on the license plate region. Finally, template matching is applied in identifying all segmented characters present in the license plate image. The experimental results showed that the proposed system can recognize license plate characters efficiently with higher accuracy. Using MATLAB software, the proposed method attains recognition accuracy of 94.17%
Analysis of Educational Facilities for Prisoners in Southern Punjab
Full text linkEducation plays an essential function in the political and socio-economic progress of a nation. Different studies show that education of the prisoners has great importance in society. Prisoners are those persons who are ignored in society. They want to get education. But they have not been properly treated regarding education. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the educational facilities in the prisons of Southern Punjab. The objectives of the study were to investigate the educational facilities provided to the prisoners in Southern Punjab and to find out problems related to prisoners’ education. The study was delimited to the male prisoners of Southern Punjab. Research methodology was descriptive. Data was collected through qualitative and quantitative survey. For this purpose, questionnaire and interview were developed after literature review. Data related to questionnaire survey was analyzed by applying different statistical techniques. Percentage, mean, standard deviation and t-test of independent sample were applied to analyze the data. Qualitative analysis of interview data was made. Exact words of respondents were written for all questions. General themes from the respondents’ answers were identified. On the basis of quantitative and qualitative analysis of data, findings were made and results were drawn. It was concluded that prisons had lack of better computers, computer labs, libraries and equipment for vocational work. Arts and science teachers were not available. It may be suggested that government should allocate sufficient fund in order to provide educational facilities to prisoners. Government should provide computers, libraries and equipment for vocational work in prisons
Islamophobia, racism and critical race theory
No full textCritical race theory (CRT) in today’s multi-cultural society seems somewhat of a difficult concept to appreciate. The notion that racism and inequality exists regardless of any group formation advocating racism in the 21st century illustrates race and inequality play a significant role in western society. Many critical race theorists in the field suggest that racism transcends across white elites and working class white individuals, regardless of any motivations proposed at government policy level and local level to eradicate racism becomes inept and difficult to implement. Studies by critical race theorists such as Saeed (2007) have argued that the fundamental assumptions made about an unjust and unequal society are dominated by White Eurocentric’s. Colour blindness within a multicultural society where Black Minority Ethnic (BME) individuals are targeted for their religious ethical and moral beliefs, with the growing tensions of Islamaphobia. Today the general impression of Islam in the West is one that of a sectarian and fundamentalist religion. A religion which oppresses women, advocates values which are outdated and medieval and supports violence. However, on the contrary, in Islam, there is no concept of ‘Fundamentalism’ BME individuals struggle to be accepted throughout life and are undermined in every aspect of their life. Critical race theorists believe that race should occupy the focal positioning within legal, educational or social policy, Gilborn (2006). This paper will begin with the concept that critical race theorist purport with the view that macro and micro aggressions exist within society are ignored regardless of the macro and micro level policy implementation at government and local level. The paper will explore, the belief that Black Minority Ethnic individuals are discriminated against regardless of a white individuals desire not to be racist unconsciously in essence signifies the understanding that critical race theory constructs are embedded in society and racism is at the heart of western society and culture. Finally, the paper will demonstrate how to build good relationships between people in society in general and develop a better understanding of the Islamic society in the west
Critical Race Theory: Impact on Black Minority Ethnic Students within Higher Education
No full text“This book arrives at a timely moment. The resurgence of the Black Lives Matter movement in the wake of widespread shock felt across the world over the murder of George Floyd at the hands of the police in the US has triggered a renewed concern with race equality and encouraged organisations, including universities, to reflect on what they are doing to address this issue. While we shall have to wait to see whether fine words are translated into effective actions, there is little doubt that universities are currently more willing to listen to BME voices.”– Professor Andrew Pilkington, University of Northampton, UK.“Historically, CRT follows the notion that there is considerable White bias evident in education and society generally (Bimper, 2017). Studies carried out by Ladson Billings believe that there is clear marginalisation regarding students coming from a BME background and in particular, those students for whom English is not their first language (Carrera, 2019). The author further examined the start of the movement for CRT. CRT began when a small group of activists wanted to understand better race, racism and power (Allen, 2017). The first real CRT movement began by focusing their attention on issues relating to conventional civil rights and ethnic study discourses which existed. They began by really questioning the liberal order addressing equality theory, legal reasoning, rationalism and the fundamental principles of constitutional law in America (Dixon, James, & Frieson, 2018). Regardless of the fact that CRT originated from a movement within Law it did, however, move beyond that discipline. The author further established within her research that educators in the main link themselves to CRT quite holistically (Garcia & Velez, 2018). Educational theorists apply CRT quite loosely to HEIs under the guise of school discipline and hierarchy, tracking, controversies over curriculum and history, IQ and achievement testing. Educational theorists do consider and associate CRT and endeavour to use its core principles to change the social situations present in society today.”ContentsCHAPTER 1 – IntroductionCHAPTER 2 – Critical Race Theory An Educational ConstructCHAPTER 3 – Research MethodologyCHAPTER 4 – Academic AttainmentCHAPTER 5 – Black Minority Ethnic ExperiencesCHAPTER 6 – The Societal CurriculumCHAPTER 7 – Government StrategyCHAPTER 8 – Thematic AnalysisCHAPTER 9 – Discussion and Theorising the FindingsCHAPTER 10 – Conclusions and Recommendation
