36 research outputs found
Replication package for "Winners and Losers: The Distributional Effects of the French Feebate on the Automobile Market"
No full textDurrmeyer, I (2021). Winners and Losers: The Distributional Effects of the French Feebate on the Automobile Market. The Economic Journal
Essays in empirical industrial organisation
No full textLes deux premiers chapitres étudient l’impact des régulations et de la structure du marché pour les nouveaux services de transport et les instruments les plus efficaces pour améliorer la circulation urbaine. Le troisième chapitre étudie le rôle de la structure du marché sur les offres de produits dans les télécommunications mobiles.Le premier chapitre porte sur l’effet de la concurrence spatiale et de l’imposition de contraintes dans les marchés du transport. Plusieurs services de transport ont besoin d’actions centralisées de la part des opérateurs qui choisissent le nombre de véhicules disponibles à chaque endroit. Ces décisions affectent la disponibilité du service et ont un impact ambigu sur la qualité (temps d’attente, niveaux de congestion, etc.). De plus, les régulateurs imposent des contraintes de capacité limitant l’offre disponible. Une telle réglementation augmente le coût d’opportunité des décisions d’allocation et incite les opérateurs à approvisionner excessivement les emplacements à revenus élevés ou à se différencier spatialement en desservant différents marchés à faible demande.Je construis une base de données unique couvrant l’ensemble du marché des trottinettes électriques partagées à Kansas City (États-Unis). J’analyse le marché à l’aide d’un modèle structurel spatial dynamique incorporant le rôle des contraintes de capacité, des économies de densité et des externalités dynamiques entre les emplacements sur les décisions des entreprises. Les simulations contrefactuelles montrent qu’en internalisant le compromis entre le vol d’affaires et la différenciation spatiale, un monopoliste améliorerait le bien-être. Les contraintes de capacité imposées à l’échelle de la ville ont un caractère régressif, suscitant des préoccupations de distribution entre les zones à revenus élevés et faibles.Dans le deuxième chapitre, fait avec Isis Durrmeyer, nous développons modèle structurel représentant les conditions de trafic en équilibre dans une zone métropolitaine, avec plusieurs dimensions d’hétérogénéité au niveau individuel et géographique. La première partie du modèle représente le choix d’un mode de transport et d’une heure de départ par les individus. La deuxième partie du modèle représente les technologies de congestion routière, qui décrivent comment les vitesses de conduite réagissent aux changements du nombre d’individus utilisant des voitures et combien de kilomètres ils conduisent.Nous appliquons notre modèle de décisions de transport et de congestion à des données de la région métropolitaine de Paris (région Île-de-France). Dans l’analyse principale, nous comparons les effets de trois politiques simples : les restrictions de conduite, les péages fixes, et les péages variables. Nous constatons que toutes les régulations sont coûteuses pour les individus, car les gains de vitesse ne peuvent pas compenser les pertes dues aux contraintes imposées par les politiques. Sous des niveaux de rigueur modérés, les deux types de péages améliorent le bien-être global si leurs revenus sont redistribués.Enfin, dans le troisième article, fait avec Oscar Jara, nous étudions l’interaction entre la structure du marché et l’avancement technologique et leur impact sur l’évolution des offres de produits dans le secteur des télécommunications mobiles. En utilisant un ensemble de données unique pour le secteur des télécommunications mobiles péruvien, nous analysons le rôle de l’introduction de la connectivité 4G, qui augmente la demande de données, et comment elle interagit avec un changement de structure du marché qui a doublé le nombre d’entreprises en concurrence dans le pays. Pour identifier ces différents effets, nous utilisons un modèle structurel qui intègre une demande de choix discrets de produits et considère deux dimensions des décisions des entreprises : le choix des caractéristiques des plans offerts et leurs prix respectifs.The first two chapters of this thesis focus on understanding the impact of regulations and market structure for new transportation services and on finding which instruments are more efficient at improving urban traffic conditions. Finally, the third chapter studies the role of market structure on product offerings in the context of mobile telecommunications.The first chapter the effect of spatial competition and imposed capacity constraints on welfare in transportation markets. Several transportation services require centralized actions from operators who choose the numbers of vehicles available in each. These decisions affect service availability and have an ambiguous impact on quality (waiting times, congestion levels, etc.). Moreover, regulators impose capacity constraints limiting the available supply. Such regulation increases the opportunity cost of allocation decisions and provides incentives to operators to either oversupply high-revenue locations or spatially differentiate by serving different low-demand markets.I build a unique dataset covering the full market for shared electric scooters in Kansas City (US). I analyze the market using a dynamic spatial structural model incorporating the role of capacity constraints, economies of density, and dynamic externalities across locations on firms’ decisions. Counterfactual simulations show that by internalizing the trade-off between business stealing and spatial differentiation, a monopolist would improve welfare. Imposed citywide capacity constraints have a regressive nature, causing distributional concerns between high and low-income areas.In the second chapter, joint work with Isis Durrmeyer, we develop a structural model representing equilibrium traffic conditions in a metropolitan area, with several dimensions of heterogeneity at the individual and geographical levels. The first part of the model represents the choice of a transportation mode and a departure time by individuals. The second part of the model represents the road congestion technologies, which describes how driving speeds react to changes in the number of individuals using cars and how many kilometers they drive.We apply our model of transportation decisions and congestion to data from the Paris metropolitan area (Île-de-France region). In the main analysis, we compare the effects of three simple policies: driving restrictions, fixed tolls, and variable tolls. We find that all the regulations are costly for individuals, as speed gains cannot compensate for the losses from the constraints imposed by the policies. Under moderate stringency levels, both tolls improve aggregate welfare if their revenues are redistributed.Finally, in the third paper, joint work with Oscar Jara, we study the interaction between market structure and technological progress and their impact on the evolution of product offerings within the mobile telecommunications sector. Using a unique dataset for the Peruvian mobile telecommunications sector, we analyze the role of the introduction of 4G connectivity, which increases demand for data, and how it interacts with a change in market structure that doubled the number of competing firms in the country. To disentangle these different effects, we build and estimate a structural model that incorporates discrete choice demand and considers two dimensions of the firms’ decisions: the choice of the characteristics of the plans offered and their respective prices
Discrete operators associated with the Durrmeyer operator
No full textIn [3] the author constructed discrete operators associated with cer- tain integral operators using a probabilistic approach. In this article we obtain positive linear operators of discrete type associated with the classical Durrmeyer operator with the aid of some quadrature formulas with positive coecients. Us- ing Gaussian quadratures we get operators which preserve the moments of the classical Durrmeyer operator up to a given order. Another class of discrete operators is obtained by using the quadratures generated by some positive linear operators. We study the convergence of the new operators and compare them with the Durrmeyer operator. Also, we present some problems of optimality and give numerical examples.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 41A36
Approximation properties of a certain nonlinear Durrmeyer operators
No full textThe present paper is concerned with a certain sequence of the nonlinear
Durrmeyer operators NDn, very recently introduced by the author [22] and
[23], of the form (NDnf)(x)=?10 Kn (x,t,f(t))dt, 0 ? x ? 1, n
? N, acting on Lebesgue measurable functions defined on [0,1], where Kn
(x,t,u) = Fn (x,t)Hn(u) satisfy some suitable assumptions. As a
continuation of the very recent papers of the author [22] and [23], we
estimate their pointwise convergence to functions f and ??|f| having
derivatives are of bounded (Jordan) variation on the interval [0,1]. Here
?o|f| denotes the composition of the functions ? and |f|. The
function ? : R0+ ? R0+ is continuous and concave with (0) = 0, ?(u) > 0
for u > 0. This study can be considered as an extension of the related
results dealing with the classical Durrmeyer operators.</jats:p
Bezier-Bernstein-Durrmeyer type operators
No full textIn this note, we construct the Bezier variant of the Bernstein-Durrmeyer type operators. We present local results, a direct approximation theorem by using the Ditzian-Totik modulus of smoothness and a quantitative Voronovskaja type theorem with the help of the Ditzian-Totik modulus of continuity. The rate of convergence for differential functions whose derivatives are of bounded variation is also established. Finally, we show that the numerical examples which illustrate the authenticity of the theoretical results and the effectiveness of the defined operators.TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [1002-Project 119F191]The second author has been partially supported within TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) 1002-Project 119F191
Winners and Losers: The Distributional Effects of the French Feebate on the Automobile Market
No full textI quantify the welfare and environmental gains and losses from a policy establishing an environmental tax/subsidy for new cars in France in 2008. I estimate a structural model of demand and supply that features heterogeneity in consumer preferences to go beyond the average policy effects and analyse distributional aspects. The policy reduces average carbon emissions by 1.6% at the cost of additional emissions of local pollutants. The regulation favours middle-income individuals but has redistributive effects when combined with a tax that is proportional to income. Moreover, local pollutant emissions increase least in poor and rural areas, suggesting another redistribution channel
Winners and losers: the distributional effects of the French feebate on the automobile market
No full textI analyze the distributional effects of an environmental policy in the new automobile market: the French feebate. I quantify the monetary and environmental gains and losses that are due to this new automobile purchase tax/subsidy across consumers. I develop and estimate a structural model of the demand and supply for new cars that features a high level of heterogeneity in consumers' preferences. By exploiting data on car sales at the municipality level, I identify the heterogeneity parameters through the correlation that exists between household characteristics and car attributes across municipalities. I simulate the market equilibrium without the feebate to quantify the causal welfare and environmental effects of the feebate. The policy reduces average carbon emissions but increases the emissions of all the local pollutants, and the effects are heterogeneous across consumers, car manufacturers and pollutants. The performance of the feebate is very high for consumer surplus maximization, but there is room to increase manufacturers' profits and limit the emissions of local pollutants
To Rebate or Not to Rebate: Fuel Economy Standards vs. Feebates?
No full textWe compare the welfare effects in equilibrium of two environmental regulations that aim at increasing the new cars fleet’s average fuel efficiency: the fuel economy standards and the feebate policies. Maintaining the same environmental benefit and tax revenue, we simulate the implementation of each policy in France and the United States. Standard-type policies have larger negative welfare effects, up to 3.2 times those from the feebate. Effects on manufacturers are heterogeneous: some are better of under the standard regulation. The addition of a market to trade levels of fuel efficiency dominates the simple standard regulation but not always the feebate. We also consider the attribute-based standard, technological improvements, and the equivalence with fuel taxes as extensions
APPROXIMATION BY BASKAKOV-DURRMEYER OPERATORS BASED ON (p, q)-INTEGERS
No full textIn the present paper, we introduce a new sequence of linear positive operators based on (p, q)-integers. To approximate functions over unbounded intervals, we introduce Baskakov-Durrmeyer type operators using the (p, q)-Gamma function. We investigate rate of convergence of new operators in terms of modulus of continuities and obtain their approximation behavior for the functions belonging to Lipschitz class. At the end, we present a modification of new operators preserving the test function x. (C) 2018 Mathematical Institute Slovak Academy of SciencesKirikkale University, BAP (Turkey) [2017/014]The first author is partially supported by Research Project of Kirikkale University, BAP, 2017/014 (Turkey). Thanks are due to Prof. Gregor Dolinar for sending the reports timely
The welfare consequences of urban traffic regulations
No full textNational audienceWe develop a structural model to represent individual transportation decisions, the equilibrium road traffic levels, and speeds inside a city. The model is micro-founded and incorporates a high level of heterogeneity: individuals differ in access to transportation modes, values of travel time, and schedule constraints; road congestion technologies vary within the city. We apply our model to the Paris metropolitan area and estimate the model parameters from publicly available data. We predict the road traffic equilibria under driving restrictions and road tolls and measure the policy consequences on the different welfare components: individual surplus, tax revenues, and cost of emissions
