1,720,955 research outputs found
US policy towards the Albanian cause in Yugoslavia during the Cold War
No full textPolitical reflections from the collision of major world political blocs during the Cold War were mostly felt in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. This included the Albanians which following 1945 remained divided separated in Yugoslavia and Albania. Yugoslavia did not remain close to Soviet Union and developed at certain points even open cooperation with the United States. US was obviously concerned with the position of the Albanians in Yugoslavia but its geopolitical and geostrategic interest was to keep Yugoslavia out of the iron curtain. Based on the documents of American Administration of the time, one can notice that all political developments in the Albanian areas in Yugoslavia were monitored in detail, although the US Government was not interested in interfering with the Yugoslav politics. However, by the beginning of the 1980s, there was a greater interest towards Albanians but any upheaval in Yugoslavia was viewed by the US as a possible opportunity for the Soviet Union to reach the Adriatic and Aegean Sea through Yugoslavia and Albania. The economic crisis in the Soviet Union, the implications of a crackdown within NATO during the 1980s, and the insistence on dominant policy at a global level, led the US to show greater interest in the Balkan region and consequently seek safer allies in the Balkans in long-term terms. Debates in the US Congress and CIA reports in the mid-1980s show a clearer stand in support of the Albanian issue
Judiciary Challenge of Republic of North Macedonia Towards EU Integration
Get PDFThe transition period in The Republic of North Macedonia alongside with the other Balkan countries was very prolonged and impregnated with numerous problems in the functioning of the rule of law. The judiciary has been the \u27Gordian knot\u27, for which it has often received objections from the international community. With constant and direct political interference, blatant nepotism, various compromising cases of corruption, and almost endless delays in cases, the judiciary has recorded successive violations of law and infringement of justice. There are perception that the predominance of the only one political party: the presidency, parliament, municipalities and then all other state institutions, that reflected in the hostage seizure of the state. The wiretapped conversations of high ranked politicians that began to be published since February 9, 2015 proved that the judiciary had been the target of political and party calculations. It clearly showed that politicians are those “big bosses” appoint and dismiss judges and prosecutors, interfere with litigation, assemble cases and proceedings, instrumentalizing all judicial instances. Following the publication of the so-called political \u27bombs\u27, with the mediation of the international community among the main political parties the (Skopje) Przhino Agreement was reached and finaly the political product of which was the establishment of the Special Public Prosecutor\u27s Office on September 15, 2015. However that hope did not last. At the top the paradox, the Special Public Prosecutor\u27s Office was trapped in a large corruption, so its ending was disappointing and depressing for citizens. From the public statements of Euro diplomats this confusing judiciary situation is expected to have its impact on the road of the country towards European integration
Political Changes in Albania 1989-1992
Get PDFThe period of the fall of the communist regime and the emergence of political pluralism is one of the most important periods of recent national history. Although this is a short period, it is packed with many important events of a political, economic and cultural nature.For more than four decades, respectively since the Second World War in Albania has ruled the Albanian Labor Party. This regime is known as one of the wildest regimes in Europe and the world. Based on the Marxist-Leninist Doctrine this regime and its suite led by dictator Enver Hoxha had good diplomatic relations in the beginning with Tito\u27s former Yugoslavia until 1948, with which he severed diplomatic relations by declaring that “Yugoslav revisionists were neither for peace nor for socialism. They were linked to the imperialists and helped to overthrow the communist regimes in the countries bordering Yugoslavia.” The Soviet Union until 1960, then seceded from the USSR and approached China that lasted until 1978, when it severed ties with China that led to the formula of self-isolation untill 1991. Afterwards Albania would be the most isolated country in the world and would fanatically defend Marxism-Leninism and Stalinism that had been denounced by Khrushchev and Soviet Union. The communist regime in Albania will lead a strange and incomprehensible foreign policy. After the severance of Albania\u27s relations with the socialist bloc, the communist ruling clique did not see the way to wake up and reconsider the issue of Albania\u27s foreign policy in order to be oriented toward the west which would open new perspectives in the development of the Albanian society. During the 80s the economic situation in Albania will become unbearable and after all the efforts made by the Albanian Labour Party to save the regime will not succeed and when the situation came to boiling point it erupted in December 1990. The situation was followed by much unrest until the pluralist political system emerged and the victory of the Democratic Party in March 1992 came to power
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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