1,720,954 research outputs found
A multiplex analysis of urinary exosome RNA prostate cancer biomarkers
No full textSerumspiegel des Prostata-spezifischen Antigens (PSA) dienen als aktueller Standardmarker in der Früherkennung von Prostatakrebs (PCa). Aufgrund des unspezifischen Charakters von PSA sind jedoch zusätzliche diagnostische Maßnahmen erforderlich. Neue Studien weisen darauf hin, dass Urinproben, die Prostata-spezifische Proteine und Nukleinsäuren enthalten, potentielle Träger eines Reservoirs von PCa Biomarkern sind. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, neue, nicht-invasive Urin RNA-Marker zu detektieren und analysieren, welche PCa Diagnosen unterstützen.
Urinproben von 30 gutartigen Patienten (BE: erhöhtes Serum-PSA, Tumor mit negativer Prostata Biopsie), 20 “low gleason“ PCa-Patienten (LG: positive Biopsie mit Gleason Score ≤7 in radikalen Prostatektomie Proben) und 10 “high gleason“ PCa-Patienten (HG: positive Biopsie mit Gleason score ≥7 in radikalen Prostatektomie Proben) wurden nach der routinemäßigen digitalen rektalen Untersuchung gesammelt. Die gesamt-RNA wurde aus Exosomen mittels Tri-Reagenz via Ultrafiltration isoliert. Anschließend wurde die isolierte RNA in cDNA via Reverse Transkriptase PCR umgeschrieben und unter Verwendung 33 spezifischer Primerpaare vervielfältigt. Abschließend wurde eine quantitative real-time PCR mit einer Gruppe von bekannten neuen PCa mRNA / micro-RNA-Markern und Transkriptvarianten durchgeführt. Die statistischen Signifikanzen wurden via One-Way ANOVA mittels SPSS Software bestimmt.
Eine Gruppe von fünf Genen (RHOA, HPRT1, TBP, PA2G4 und ACTB) wurde für die Verwendbarkeit als Housekeeping-Gene (HKGs) getestet. Da nur RHOA eine typische konsistente Expression in der benignen Gruppe als auch in den malignen Gruppen zeigte, wurde es für die Normalisierung ausgewählt. Die Analyse von 30 Genen zeigte quantitative Unterschiede in der Expression. Prostata-spezifische Transkripte (PSA, KLK2, PCA3) wurden in 94% der benignen und in 100% der malignen Proben nachgewiesen. Mehr als 15 Gene wurden zwischen den Untergruppen als signifikant identifiziert. Weiters wurden TFF3, PCA3, ACTB, PA2G4, PSA, KLK2 und VDAC1 als die besten diskriminierenden RNA Marker-Kandidaten aus Urin Exosomen identifiziert.
Diese Studie liefert einen Machbarkeitsnachweis für die Bestimmung von PCa Markern aus Urin Exosomen und zeigt deren mögliche Rolle als Probenquelle in der Zukunft der PCa Diagnose.Serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) serve as the current mainstay in early prostate cancer (PCa) detection. However, due to the unspecificity of PSA, additional diagnostic measures are needed, urging the development of better markers. Recent studies indicate that urine samples, which contain prostate specific proteins and nucleic acids, are a potential biomarker reservoir. The aim of this study was to detect and analyze urinary RNA markers that may provide a novel non-invasive way for PCa diagnosis.
Urine samples collected after routine digital rectal examination were obtained from 30 benign patients (BE: elevated serum PSA, tumor-negative prostate biopsy), 20 low grade PCa patients (LG: positive biopsy, Gleason score ≤7 in radical prostatectomy specimen); 10 high grade PCa patients (HG: positive biopsy, Gleason score ≥7 in radical prostatectomy specimen). Total RNA was isolated from exosomes prepared by ultrafiltration of cleared urine samples using the tri-reagent. RNA was reverse-transcribed to cDNA and subsequently pre-amplified using a pool of 33 primer pairs. Finally, quantitative real time PCR was performed for a panel of known and novel candidate PCa mRNA markers, micro-RNAs, and transcript variants. Statistical significance was determined via One-Way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U-test and corrected by multiple testing.
A panel of five genes (RHOA, HPRT1, TBP, PA2G4 and ACTB) was tested for their usability as housekeeping genes (HKGs). From those only RHOA showed typically consistent expression in benign and cancer groups and therefore has been taken for normalization of the expression of other genes. The data analysis of 30 genes showed quantitative differences in expression. Prostate specific transcripts (PSA, KLK2, PCA3) were detected in 94 % of benign samples and in 100% of the cancer samples. More than 15 genes were identified to be differentially expressed in a significant way between subgroups. TFF3, PCA3, ACTB, PA2G4, PSA, KLK2, VDAC1 have been identified as the best discriminatory RNA marker candidates in urinary exosomes.
Our pilot study for the measurement of PCa RNA markers in urine derived exosomes supports the idea that urine exosomes may be a future sample source for PCa diagnosis, which needs further optimization of the analysis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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