1,721,056 research outputs found
New developments in molecular engineering for nonlinear optics: Photo-switchable molecules and nanostructures
No full textReinvestigation of the crystal structure, vibrational spectroscopic studies and DFT calculations of 4, 4′-bipyridinium dinitrate: An efficient SHG material for electro-optic devices
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Laser induced phase transitions in metallic and metal-organic materials
No full textCes travaux de thèse portent sur l'étude des transitions de phases photo-induites dans différents matériaux métalliques et organométalliques. Les études présentées ont été guidées par la problématique liée à l'enregistrement et au stockage d'informations numériques. Tout d’abord, nous nous sommes intéressés à la spectroscopie THz et Raman de composés à transitions d'état de spin à base de Fe (II). Les spectres obtenus à l’aide de ces deux techniques sont confrontés aux résultats issus de simulations numériques (DFT). Nous avons également étudié la transition d’état de spin induite par des lasers CO2 dans des composés à transition de spin polymériques. Un dispositif expérimental simple permettant l'enregistrement d'information dans ce type de matériaux est proposé. Par la suite, nous avons étudié la transition réversible de la phase métallique (λ métastable à semiconductricer (β stable) dans des nanoparticules d'un oxyde de Titane (Ti3O5), soumis à des impulsions laser nanosecondes. Nous avons étudié plus particulièrement les aspects cinétiques de cette transition. Il apparaît alors que la transition λ→β se produit sur une échelle de plusieurs centaines de nanosecondes, tandis que la transition β→λ se fait en quelques dizaines de nanosecondes. Les mécanismes photoythermiques à l’origine de cette transition permettent de rendre compte de ces observations expérimentales. Enfin, nous avons étudié un complexe bimétallique analogue du bleu de Prusse Rb0.94Mn[Fe (CN)6]0.98.0.3H2O, bistable à température ambiante. Par génération de second et de troisième harmonique, nous avons mesuré les non-linéarités effectives d’ordre deux et trois de ce composé dans les phases basse et haute température. Nous montrons que l’on peut faire photo-commuter les propriétés optiques linéaires et non linéaires de ce composé. La spectroscopie et la génération d’onde THz dans ce matériau sont également présentées et discutées.This thesis is dedicated to the study of laser-induced phase transitions in metallic and metaly organic materials. The studies presented here are guided by the recording and storage of digital information. Firstly, we focused on THz and Raman spectroscopy of two different iron Fe (II) spin crossover complexes. The spectra we recorded using these two methods are compared to numerical simulations obtained with the DFT. We have also studied the spin state transition induced byCO2 lasers in polymeric spin crossover materials. A simple experimental setup allowing data recording in this type of materials is presented. Secondly, we studied the reversible metal (λ metastable to semiconductor (β stable) phasetransition in nanoparticles of a Titanium oxide (Ti3O5), excited with nanosecond laser pulses.More specifically, we studied the kinetic aspects of this transition. It appears that the λ→β transition occurs in hundreds of nanoseconds while the β→λ transition is achieved in a few tens of nanoseconds. The photothermal mechanisms leading to this transition accounts very well to these experimental observations. Finally, we present the study of Rb0.94Mn[Fe (CN)6]0.98.0.3H2O, a Prussian blue analogue which is bistable at room temperature. Using secondy and thirdyharmonic generation, we measured the effective secondy and thirdyorder nonlinearities of this compound in low and high temperature phases. We show that we can photo-switch the linear and nonlinear optical properties of this material. THz spectroscopy and generation in this material are also presented
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Nanoparticles for Quadratic Nonlinear Optics: From Dielectric to Metallic Structures
No full textInternational audienceNLO efficient nanoparticles offer a broad range of potential applications from nanoscale photonics to nanoprobes with original optical properties, ranging from fluorescence nanoprobes to second harmonic generation nanosources. In this talk we will propose a synthetic review of quadratic NLO nanoparticles, ranging from purely organic structures to plasmonic noncentrosymmetric particles.The first generation of nanoparticles displaying strong quadratic nonlinear response have been made of purely organic crystals . However, due to the moderate stability of purely organic crystals, a new approach to material engineering for quadratic NLO properties, based on the combination of organic and inorganic materials in noncentrosymmetric structures has been proposed . In particular, host-guest chemistry, from inclusion to intercalation , has proven to be particularly promising. We will illustrate this strategy with the "bottom-up" synthesis of a layered intercalation compound consisting of push-pull organic chromophores embedded in a layered MnPS3 inorganic host lattice. 10 nm size nanoparticles dispersed in chloroform or inserted in a polymer matrix yielded a huge average second order hyperpolarisability of about 42000 .10-30 esu measured by Harmonic Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) .An alternative way to develop nanoparticles showing high quadratic hyperpolarizability values consists in a systematic study of the NLO properties of noble metal (Au, Ag) nanoparticles . We will present here a systematic investigation of various nanoparticles made of Au, Ag or Pt, with different surface areas, shaped and surface state.Special emphasis will be put on the synthesis and investigation of the β values of non-centrosymmetric gold nanoprisms (NPrs ). Their β values not only display a linear dependence with the surface area but also strongly depend on the sharpness of NPr corners. These very high β values of NPs are assigned mainly to the enhancement of electromagnetic fields due to geometrical effects (sharp extremities), in analogy with metallic tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS
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