1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Epigenetic regulation of the highly conserved serine protease HtrA1
No full textHtrA1 gehört zu der HtrA (High temperature requirement)-Familie der Serin-Proteasen, einer
Gruppe hochkonservierter Proteasen, die sowohl eukaryotische, als auch prokaryotische
Mitglieder umfasst. Gemeinsames Merkmal dieser Serinproteasen ist das Vorhandensein
einer hoch-konservierten Trypsin-ähnlichen Domäne und mindestens einer PDZ-Domäne am
C-Terminus. HtrA1 wurde ursprünglich als herunter reguliertes Gen in SV40-transfomierten
Fibroblasten identifiziert und wurde seitdem mit verschiedenen Krankheitsbildern, wie z.B.
Arthritis, altersbedingter Makuladegeneration und der Alzheimerschen Krankheit, in
Verbindung gebracht.
HtrA1 ist außerdem für einige Krebsarten, wie z.B. Ovarialkarzinome, Melanome und
Mesotheliome, von Bedeutung. Die Expression von HtrA1 ist in diesen Tumoren herunter
reguliert. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde der Mechanismus, der für die aberrante
Verminderung der HtrA1-Expression in Tumorzellen verantwortlich ist, identifiziert. Der
HtrA1-Promotor enthält eine CpG island, die in Kolonkarzinomzelllinien und Darmpolypen
von APCMin/+-Mäusen hypermethyliert ist. Diese Hypermethylierung korreliert mit der
Inhibition der HtrA1-Expression. Damit konnte HtrA1 erstmals mit der Entstehung des
Kolonkarzinoms in Verbindung gebracht werden. Durch Behandlung mit epigenetischen
Pharmazeutika kann die Expression von HtrA1 in Zelllinien, die einen hypermethylierten
HtrA1-Promotor aufweisen, wiederhergestellt werden. Demzufolge ist die DNA-Methylierung
reversibel.
Außerdem konnte gezeigt werden, dass durch die Suppression von MBD2, einem Mitglied
der MBD-Proteinfamilie, die HtrA1-Expression in Zellen mit einem hypermethylierten HtrA1-
Promotor gesteigert werden kann. In Zellen mit einem unmethylierten HtrA1-Promotor hat die
MBD2-Suppression hingegen keinen Effekt. Demnach bindet MBD2 methylierungsabhängig
an den Promotor und inhibiert die Transkription von HtrA1.
Aufgrund der Fähigkeit an die Promotoren von Tumorsuppressorgenen zu binden und der
Tatsache, dass der Verlust von MBD2 in APCMin/+-Mäusen die Tumorigenese stark
vermindert, wird MBD2 als interessanter potentieller Angriffspunkt für die Etablierung neuer
Therapiestrategien zur Behandlung von Krebserkrankungen angesehen.
Zusätzlich wurde die Interaktion von rekombinant hergestelltem MBD2b und DNA mit einem
EMSA analysiert. Mit Hilfe des EMSAs konnte eine methylierungsabhängige Bindung des
gereinigten MBD2s an DNA-Oligonucleotide nachgewiesen werden. Außerdem wurden
Substanzen hinsichtlich ihrer Fähigkeit, die Interaktion von MBD2b mit methylierter DNA zu vielversprechender Angriffspunkt diskutiert. Therapeutisch interessant wären Substanzen,
die die Interaktion von MBD2 mit der methylierten DNA oder dem rekrutierten
Transkriptionsrepressorkomplex hemmen. Mittels eines weiteren HTS (High Troughput
Screen), bei dem eine andere Substanzbibliothek getestet wird, könnten solche Substanzen
identifiziert werden. Diese könnten dann biochemisch, zellbiologisch und in vivo analysiert
werden.
Für MBD2 sind bisher keine Strukturinformationen verfügbar. Diese würden jedoch helfen,
die Interaktion von MBD2 mit der DNA und dem Transkriptionsrepressorkomplex genau zu
verstehen. Mit Hilfe dieser Informationen wäre es möglich Moleküle zu modellieren, die die
Interaktion spezifisch stören.
MBD2 stellt ferner ein in vitro Substrat von HtrA1 dar. In der Vergangenheit wurde außerdem
gezeigt, dass HtrA1 zum Teil im Zellkern lokalisiert ist (Clawson et al. 2008). Da MBD2
ebenfalls innerhalb des Zellkerns vorliegt, könnte es demnach potentiell in vivo von HtrA1
proteolysiert werden. Diese Fragestellung sollte in Zukunft genauer untersucht werden, um
eine potentielle Bedeutung von HtrA1 für die Regulation der MBD2-Homöostase zu klären.
Eine solche Funktion hätte dramatische Folgen für die Tumorprogression in Zellen, in denen
die HtrA1-Expression abgeschaltet ist. Nach Verlust von HtrA1 würde MBD2 nicht mehr
proteolysiert werden. Dementsprechend würde die Konzentration von MBD2 in der Zelle
stark ansteigen und es könnte häufiger an die methylierten Promotoren von
Tumorsuppressorgenen, u.a. von HtrA1, binden und deren Expression inhibieren. Diese
Kaskade würde die Tumorprogression erheblich fördern. Aus diesem Grund ist es von
großer Bedeutung diese potentielle Funktion von HtrA1 in Zukunft näher zu analysieren
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
