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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Eksplorasi Cendawan Endofit Asal Daun Jeruk dan Potensinya untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Huanglongbing
No full textPengendalian hayati merupakan salah satu alternatif pendekatan dalam
pengelolaan organisme pengganggu tanaman yang digunakan saat ini.
Implementasi pengendalian hayati menjadi salah satu upaya untuk memperoleh
produk tanaman yang berkualitas dan aman bagi konsumen serta ramah lingkungan.
Pengendalian hayati dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai cara yang memanfaatkan
mekanisme biologi dari organisme alamiah untuk menekan organisme pengganggu
secara langsung atau mengurangi dampak yang diakibatkannya, termasuk
diantaranya penggunaan senyawa-senyawa kimia alami, pemanfaatan tanaman
antagonis, penggunaan agens hayati seperti mikroba antagonis dan mikroba endofit.
Mikroba endofit yang mulai banyak dimanfaatkan adalah bakteri dan cendawan.
Mikroba endofit hidup dalam jaringan tanaman tanpa menimbulkan dampak
yang merugikan bagi tanaman, bahkan tanaman dan endofit memiliki hubungan
saling menguntungkan. Endofit telah banyak dilaporkan memberikan berbagai
dampak positif bagi tanaman baik untuk pertumbuhan maupun menginduksi
ketahanan tanaman terhadap penyakit. Interaksi endofit dengan tanaman inang dan
patogen merupakan suatu hubungan kompleks yang belum sepenuhnya diketahui,
namun ditunjukkan bahwa interaksi endofit dengan tanaman mampu memberikan
perlindungan yang lebih baik terhadap tanaman dari patogen tanaman.
Cendawan endofit sebagai organisme yang hidup dalam jaringan tanaman,
memiliki keterikatan yang kuat dengan tanaman inangnya. Sifat khusus endofit
inilah yang menjadi dasar pemikiran bahwa endofit berpotensi menekan patogen
yang bersifat sistemik dalam tanaman. Huanglongbing yang di Indonesia dikenal
sebagai citrus vein phloem degeneration (CVPD) merupakan penyakit sistemik
pada tanaman jeruk yang sampai saat ini belum dapat dikendalikan secara efektif.
Bakteri penyebab penyakit ini hidup dalam jaringan floem. Telah banyak upaya
pengendalian yang dilakukan namun kejadian penyakit masih tetap tinggi.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi cendawan endofit dari daun
jeruk yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai agens hayati untuk menekan perkembangan
penyakit huanglongbing. Penelitian dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap yang meliputi
isolasi, seleksi, karakterisasi, dan identifikasi cendawan endofit, serta pengujian
cendawan endofit terhadap perkembangan huanglongbing dan serangga vektornya.
Cendawan endofit yang terpilih melalui uji patogenisitas, kemampuan kolonisasi,
dan kemampuan antibiosisnya terhadap bakteri model (Xanthomonas oryzae pv.
oryzae), selanjutnya diaplikasikan ke bibit jeruk untuk melihat pengaruhnya bagi
perkembangan penyakit huanglongbing dan serangga vektornya.
Cendawan endofit yang bersifat non patogen telah berhasil diisolasi dari daun
jeruk berjumlah 24 isolat. Cendawan-cendawan endofit terpilih ini tidak
menyebabkan abnormalitas pertumbuhan biji, bahkan mampu memicu
pertumbuhan bibit jeruk. Hampir seluruh isolat memberikan efek pertumbuhan
yang baik bagi bibit jeruk. Sebanyak 23 isolat uji menunjukkan kemampuan
kolonisasi berbeda pada bagian tanaman secara vertikal dari akar, batang dan daun.
Ke-23 isolat tersebut mampu mengolonisasi akar, 18 isolat diantaranya mampu
mengolonisasi sampai bagian batang, 10 isolat mampu mengolonisasi sampai daun.
Kemampuan antibiosis cendawan endofit hanya dimiliki oleh isolat tertentu saja
yaitu ED1, ED9, ED11, ED13, ED17, ED20, dan ED29. Diantara semua cendawan
yang terpilih, 91.7% memberikan efek yang baik dalam pertumbuhan, 41.7%
mengolonisasi semua bagian tanaman, 33.3% mengolonisasi akar dan batang,
20.8% mengolonisasi akar saja, dan 29.2% bersifat antibiosis terhadap bakteri
model. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi diperoleh 2 isolat termasuk ke dalam genus
Pestalotiopsis dan Fusarium, sedangkan 22 isolat lainnya berupa hifa steril.
Inokulasi cendawan endofit pada benih jeruk menyebabkan tanaman bibit
yang tumbuh di kemudian hari menjadi kurang cocok bagi serangga vektor untuk
menetap atau hidup lebih lama (serangga yang menetap hanya 35% saja dan 65%
lainnya mati). Pengamatan gejala secara internal berupa akumulasi pati ditemukan
pada bibit yang terinfeksi maupun tidak terinfeksi huanglongbing. Namun, tanaman
yang diinokulasi cendawan endofit menunjukkan akumulasi pati yang lebih sedikit.
Daun yang bergejala huanglongbing memiliki ukuran panjang dan lebar yang lebih
pendek dengan bentuk yang cenderung lebih lanset dibandingkan daun normal.
Perlakuan isolat endofit yang terdeteksi positif mengandung bakteri patogen yaitu
perlakuan dengan isolat ED9 dan ED29. Isolat ini menunjukkan adanya akumulasi
pati dan memiliki daun lebih lanset dibanding daun lainnya.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa cendawan endofit yang
diperoleh dari daun jeruk dapat memicu pertumbuhan bibit. Isolat-isolat tersebut
juga dapat mengurangi kemampuan bertahan serangga vektor penyakit
huanglongbing pada bibit jeruk. Isolat ED9 dan ED29 terdeteksi positif
mengandung huanglongbing. Diduga isolat ini memengaruhi perkembangan bakteri
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Terdapat 6 isolat terpilih yang mempunyai
potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agens hayati penyakit huanglongbing yaitu,
ED3, ED13, ED14, ED17, ED20, dan ED23 dengan pengujian lanjut terlebih
dahulu. Dengan demikian, diperoleh pengetahuan bahwa cendawan endofit dari
daun jeruk dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengendalikan penyakit huanglongbing.
Aplikasi cendawan endofit dapat menginduksi ketahanan pada bibit jeruk yang
dimulai dari pemacuan pertumbuhan, kemampuan antibiosis, dan penolakan
terhadap serangga vekto
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