1,721,036 research outputs found
Pre‐commercial Procurement, Procurement of Innovative Solutions and Innovation Partnerships in the EU: Rationale and Strategy
Full text linkAbstract: We consider alternative European public procurement mechanisms for acquiring R&D services and
innovative solutions, focusing on Pre-commercial Procurement, Public Procurement of Innovative Solutions
and Innovation Partnerships. For each of these mechanisms, we identify conceptually strengths and
weaknesses. We highlight the role played by (i) economies of scope and externalities between R&D and largescale
production; (ii) degree of specificity of the innovation; (iii) role of SMEs in the market and level of market
competition; (iv) risk of market foreclosure and supplier lock-in.
This article contributes to the literature on incentives in demand-side innovation policy by tapping into the
contractual design features and by offering relevant implications for academics and policy makers
The role of buyer competence
No full textCovid-19 has served as a global case study for increased discretion in public procurement, with governments worldwide making rules more flexible to increase spending, reduce the damage, and save lives. This CEPR eBook provides fascinating insights into the tension between rules and discretion in public procurement, including through several country-level case studies
Building reputation for contract renewal: implications for performance dynamic and contract duration
Full text linkWe study how career concerns affect the dynamics of incentives in a multi-period contract, when the agent's productivity is a stochastic function of his past productivity and investment. We show that incentives are stronger and performance is higher when the contract approaches its expiry date. Contrary to common wisdom, long-term contracts may strengthen reputational effects whereas short-term contracting may be optimal when investment has persistent, long-term effects
The Risks and Tricks in Public-Private Partnerships
No full textPublic–Private Partnerships (PPPs) have been implemented broadly around the
world in the infrastructure sector—water and sanitation, transports, energy, and
telecommunications—and, more recently, in the provision of public services—
education, health, prisons, and water and waste management. Key aspects of the
contract design, such as risk allocation and payment mechanisms, significantly
affect the PPP outcomes because they affect the incentives of the public and
private parties to deliver a public service that satisfies user needs. Nevertheless,
contractual provisions used in practice often do not implement the efficient risk
allocation. In this chapter, we discuss the crucial role of the public sector in
designing and imposing standardized contracts, monitoring their compliance,
disclosing contractual information to the general public, and transferring risks
to the private sector in order to reduce the likelihood of PPP performance failure
Pre-commercial procurement, procurement of innovative solutions and innovation partnerships in EU: rationale and strategy
No full textWe discuss public procurement instruments for acquiring innovation, focusing on the European Pre-commercial Procurement, Procurement of Innovative Solutions and Innovation Partnerships. We analyse in particular how firms’ innovation incentives are affected by: (i) economies of scope and externalities between R&D and large-scale production; (ii) the degree of specificity of the innovation; (iii) the presence of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the market and the level of market competition; (iv) the risk of market foreclosure and supplier lock-in. Our study contributes to the literature on incentives in demand-side innovation policy by tapping into the contractual design features and by offering relevant implications for academics and policy makers
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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