1,721,283 research outputs found
Nuclear Envelope Protein Autoantibodies/Antilamin Autoantibodies (Chapter 26)
No full textOver the last two decades, a number of nuclear envelope structures have been recognized as specific targets of antinuclear autoantibodies producing a rim-like staining by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and collectively called antinuclear envelope autoantibodies (anti-NE). This peripheral pattern results from autoreactivities directed against proteins within three components of the nuclear envelope: the nuclear lamina (lamins A, B, and C), the nuclear pore complex (glycoprotein (gp)210, p62, and translocated promoter region (Tpr)), and the inner nuclear membrane (lamina-associated polypeptide ( LAP)1, LAP2, and lamin B receptor (LBR)). Although IIF on HEp-2 cells is still the most widely used screening assay for anti-NE, accurate immunochemical tests based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting with purified or recombinant antigens have been recently developed. Anti-NE are generally believed to be not pathogenic, but they can be specific markers of disease, and, therefore, clinically useful as a diagnostic tool. Immunoreactivities against components of the nuclear pore complex have been shown to be associated with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), whereas autoantibodies to the lamins are associated with various autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. In recent years, data from different groups and countries indicated that particular PBC-specific anti-NE correlate with disease severity and may, therefore, be a marker of poor prognosis. Much less is known, however, about the clinical and prognostic role of anti-NE in other autoimmune conditions
Smooth Muscle Autoantibodies (Chapter 58)
No full textSerum smooth muscle autoantibodies (SMA) react with different proteins (actin, tubulin, vimentin, desmin, cytokeratins) of the cytoskeletal components (microfilaments, microtubuli, intermediate filaments). Their detection can be the hallmark of autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) or celiac disease; however, they can also be observed in viral diseases such as chronic hepatitis C and infectious mononucleosis. When present at high titers (> 1:80), they are considered sensitive markers of AIH, being found in up to 80% of cases. Within the spectrum of SMA, antiactin antibodies are the most specific for the diagnosis of AIH, whereas no convincing evidence of their pathogenetic or prognostic value has been provided yet. SMA of the immunoglobulin (Ig)A class with antiactin specificity have been described in a large majority of celiac patients with severe mucosal damage. The classical immunomorphologic techniques remain the gold standards for SMA testing; in addition, the new immunochemical tests with purified antigens appear to be a promising complementary approach
Osservazione e valutazione delle abilità acquatiche dei bambini per una utilità sociale del nuoto ai fini della salute e della prevenzione degli annegamenti
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Management of toxicities associated with targeted therapies for HR-positive metastatic breast cancer: a multidisciplinary approach is the key to success
No full textAgents targeting HR-positive, HER2-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer have improved patient outcomes compared with conventional single-agent endocrine therapy. Currently, approved targeted agents include everolimus and three CDK4/6 inhibitors, palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib. Unlike the well-characterized and easily manageable safety profile of endocrine therapies, adverse events associated with targeted therapies are complex and potentially severe. Their prompt recognition and treatment, crucial for prolonged endocrine sensitivity and survival, may be challenging and requires a multidisciplinary effort and a good knowledge of drug interactions
Hepatitis C virus infection and diabetes: a complex bidirectional relationship
No full text: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and diabetes represent two severe chronic conditions responsible for a considerable number of deaths worldwide. They have a complex, bidirectional relationship. On the one hand, several cohort studies have shown that chronic HCV infection increases both the risk of developing diabetes in non-diabetic subjects (by inducing insulin resistance and promoting β-cell dysfunction) as well as the risk of developing macro and microvascular complications in patients with known diabetes; on the other hand, diabetes is an independent risk factor for liver-related events among patients with CHC, including a higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver-related death and transplantation. Importantly, sustained virological response, which can be obtained in the vast majority of patients with the use of direct antiviral agents, does not only lead to a lower rate of liver-related outcomes, but also to improvements of glycemic control and reduction in the rate of complications among patients with diabetes. The aim of this review is to summarize available clinical evidence on the association among CHC, diabetes and related clinical outcomes. We will also briefly discuss the biological mechanisms underpinning the association between CHC and diabetes, as well as the implications this relationship should have on everyday clinical practice
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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