321 research outputs found
Musical Cognition: A Science of Listening
No full textWhy do people attach importance to the wordless language we call music? Musical Cognition suggests that music is a game. In music, our cognitive functions such as perception, memory, attention,and expectation are challenged; yet, as listeners, we often do not realize that the listener plays an actve role in reaching the awareness that makes music so exhilarating, soothing, and inspiring. In reality, the author contends, listening does not happen in the outer world of audible sound, but in the inner world of our minds and brains...The scope of the topics discussed ranges from the ability of newborns to perceive a beat, to the unexpected musical expertise of odinary listeners. The evidence shows that music is second nature to most human beings - biologically and socially
Coordinating Gesture, Word, and Diagram: Explanations for Experts and Novices
No full textabstract: Successful explanations are a symphony of gesture, language, and props. Here, we show how they are orchestrated in an experiment in which students explained complex systems to imagined novices and experts. Visual-spatial communication—diagram and gesture—was key; it represents thought more directly than language. The real or virtual diagrams created from gestures served as the stage for explanations, enriched by language and enlivened by deictic gestures to convey structure and iconic gestures to enact the behavior and functionality of the systems. Explanations to novices packed in more information than explanations to experts, emphasizing the information about action that is difficult for novices, and expressing information in multiple ways, using both virtual models created by gestures and visible ones.This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published as Kang, Seokmin, Tversky, Barbara, & Black, John B. (2015). Coordinating Gesture, Word, and Diagram: Explanations for Experts and Novices. SPATIAL COGNITION AND COMPUTATION, 15(1), 1-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2014.958837. Copyright Taylor & Francis, available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/doi/abs/10.1080/13875868.2014.958837#.VRM1-PnF-K
Socially-distributed cognition and cognitive architectures: towards an ACT-R-based cognitive social simulation capability
No full textACT-R is one of the most widely used cognitive architectures, and it has been used to model hundreds of phenomena described in the cognitive psychology literature. In spite of this, there are relatively few studies that have attempted to apply ACT-R to situations involving social interaction. This is an important omission since the social aspects of cognition have been a growing area of interest in the cognitive science community, and an understanding of the dynamics of collective cognition is of particular importance in many organizational settings. In order to support the computational modeling and simulation of socially-distributed cognitive processes, a simulation capability based on the ACT-R architecture is described. This capability features a number of extensions to the core ACT-R architecture that are intended to support social interaction and collaborative problem solving. The core features of a number of supporting applications and services are also described. These applications/services support the execution, monitoring and analysis of simulation experiments. Finally, a system designed to record human behavioral data in a collective problem-solving task is described. This system is being used to undertake a range of experiments with teams of human subjects, and it will ultimately support the development of high fidelity ACT-R cognitive models. Such models can be used in conjunction with the ACT-R simulation capability to test hypotheses concerning the interaction between cognitive, social and technological factors in tasks involving socially-distributed information processing
Is literary language a development of ordinary language?
No full textContemporary literary linguistics is guided by the 'Development Hypothesis' which says that literary language is formed and regulated by developing only the elements, rules and constraints of ordinary language. Six ways of differentiating literary language from ordinary language are tested against the Development Hypothesis, as are various kinds of superadded constraint including metre, rhyme and alliteration and parallelism. Literary language differs formally, but is unlikely to differ semantically from ordinary language. The article concludes by asking why the Development Hypothesis might hold
Language Cognition and Language Computation Human and Machine Language Understanding
No full textanguage="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Language understanding is a key scientific issue in the fields of cognitive and computer science. However, the two disciplines differ substantially in the specific research questions. Cognitive science focuses on analyzing the specific mechanism of the brain and investigating the brain's response to language; few studies have examined the brain's language system as a whole. By contrast, computer scientists focus on the efficiency of practical applications when choosing research questions but may ignore the most essential laws of language. Given these differences, can a combination of the disciplines offer new insights for building intelligent language models and studying language cognitive mechanisms? In the following text, we first review the research questions, history, and methods of language understanding in cognitive and computer science, focusing on the current progress and challenges. We then compare and contrast the research of language understanding in cognitive and computer sciences. Finally, we review existing work that combines insights from language cognition and language computation and offer prospects for future development trends.</p
ECONOMIC AGENCY THROUGH MODULARITY THEORY
No full textEconomic agency as a matter of rational decision-making and as a problem of bounded rationality has never gone too far from its earlier formalization in the 1950s. Not that the advancement on this topic is so slow, but the same problem concerning higher level cognition as another general program of cognitive science is not as easy as behavioral studies. This paper will show a parallelism between economic agency and folkpsychological perspective, and in turn will give a short description on how folk psychology is unseparable from modularity theory. In short, then there must be a way to cope with cognition as the black box of economics if we can identify the appropriate level of description of cognitive structure, i.e.: modularity theory.bounded rationality, folk psychology, modularity theory
Modulation of working memory capacity on predictive processing during language comprehension
No full textAmple evidence has shown facilitations of context-based prediction on language comprehension. However, the influential effect of working memory capacity on this predictive processing remains debated. To investigate this issue with the electroencephalograph technique, high and low working memory capacity participants read strong-, moderate- and weak-constraint sentences which resulted in high-, moderate- and low-predictability for the critical nouns. The strong-constraint (vs. weak-constraint) contexts preceding the nouns elicited a larger positive deflection, which was only observed for the high-span group. Along with the smaller N400s for strong- vs. weak-predictable nouns for both groups, the moderately predictable nouns elicited smaller N400 than the weakly predictable nouns for the high-span group. The ERP effects at both verbs and nouns correlated significantly with the noun's predictability. These findings suggest that predictive processing involves at least partially an effortful-meaning-computation mechanism, and high working memory capacity facilitates the activation and integration of predicted information during language comprehension.</p
Sharvard
No full textTwo native Spanish talkers (one male, one female) recorded producing 720 Spanish sentences designed to be the Spanish equivalent of the English language Harvard sentences (thus phonetically balanced across sets of ten sentences).Cooke, Martin; Garcia Lecumberri, Maria Luisa; Aubanel, Vincent. (2013). Sharvard, [sound]. LISTA Consortium: (i) Language and Speech Laboratory, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Spain and Ikerbasque, Spain; (ii) Centre for Speech Technology Research, University of Edinburgh, UK; (iii) KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden; (iv) Institute of Computer Science, FORTH, Greece. http://dx.doi.org/10.7488/ds/133
DiapixFL
No full textDiapixFL consists of speakers whose first language (L1) is either English or Spanish solving a "spot-the-difference" task in both their L1 and their second language (L2, which for native English talkers is Spanish, and for native Spanish talkers is English). Speakers with English as an L1 were recorded at the Centre for Speech Technology at the University of Edinburgh (www.cstr.ed.ac.uk); speakers with Spanish as an L1 were recorded at the Language and Speech Laboratory at the University of the Basque Country (www.laslab.org). Six pairs of talkers in each L1 were recorded.Cooke, Martin; Garcia Lecumberri, Maria Luisa; Wester, Mirjam. (2013). DiapixFL, [sound]. LISTA Consortium: (i) Language and Speech Laboratory, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Spain and Ikerbasque, Spain; (ii) Centre for Speech Technology Research, University of Edinburgh, UK; (iii) KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden; (iv) Institute of Computer Science, FORTH, Greece.. http://dx.doi.org/10.7488/ds/139
OpenLID-v2 (180325)
No full textOpenLID-v2 is a high-coverage, high-performance language identification model covering 200 language classes. Its labels are compatible with the FLORES+ test set.Burchell, L. (2025). OpenLID-v2 (180325) (2.0.1). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1505655
- …
